PENGARUH VARIASI JUMLAH LAPISAN FIBERGLASS DAN ANYAMAN BAMBU  TERHADAP KEKUATAN BENDING KOMPOSIT DENGAN METODE  VACUUM ASSISTED RESIN INFUSSION (VARI)

The objective of this research is to obtain the bending properties of composite material produced by VARI method, and to get analysis of polyester resin distribution time on the layer of fiberglass composite and bamboo woven strip.The process of making composites varies, but the process of making this research is the process of Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI). In the VARI process, dry fiber is placed between the fixmold and plactic bag, then the resin is injected after the chamber inside the low- pressure plastic bag and the process continues until all parts of the fiber are wetted by the resin.From the results of research, testing and discussion of bending test results that have been done then can be drawn conclusions include: Variation of the number of reinforcement layer on VARI method will affect the value of bending strength of composite. By using the VARI method The highest average value of bending stress occurs in variation 4 (206,69 MPa), while the lowest occurs in variation 1 (42,83 MPa), and the time required for the distribution of resin varies in time variation 1 which takes 5 minutes 02 seconds, while for variation 4 takes 8 minutes 3 seconds.Keywords: composites, VARI method, glass fiber, bending test

Download Full-text

ANALISA HASIL UJI KEKUATAN TARIK, TEKAN & STRUKTUR MAKRO SAMPAH PLASTIK JENIS PET, HDPE, DAN CAMPURAN (PET+HDPE)

JTAM ROTARY ◽

10.20527/jtam_rotary.v3i2.4366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Holy Ramagisandy ◽

Rudi Siswanto

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Bending Test ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Bending Stress ◽

Test Results ◽

Recycled Pet ◽

Tensile Strength Test ◽

Used Oil

Plastik is a material which has difficult to decompose. Therefore, the utilization of waste into useful material is important to do. This study aims to identify the tensile strength, bending, and macro structure of recycled PET, HDPE, and PET + HDPE plastik waste mixtures and recommendations for plastik products that fit the characteristics of these plastik types. PET and HDPE plastik waste is melted with oil and reprinted into tensile and bending test samples in accordance with predetermined variations, and then the results of the fracture are analyzed in a macro structure. Based on tensile testing, the tensile strength test results have the highest stress and strain values obtained in the mixture of 40% + HDPE 60% (B2) used oil specimens of 10.58 MPa and strain values of 11.98%. The results of bending strength testing which has the highest bending stress value and maximum load value are obtained in plastik mixture specimens with 30% used oil mixture + 70% HDPE (B1) of 11.58 MPa and for maximum load values of 43.33 KN. Testing the tensile strength and bending strength of the type of plastik mixture Oil and HDPE + PET (50%: 50%), the results obtained can still not be recommended to be used as a paving block product because the value of stress, strain, bending stress, and the maximum load is still relatively low, namely for the tensile test the highest variation of stress value is 5.21 MPa, the highest variation of strain value is 5.23%, the maximum load value is 10 KN, and the highest variation of bending stress value is 40% + 60% by 4.01 MPa.

Download Full-text

Research on Damage and Bending Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1163 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 184-185 ◽

pp. 1163-1166

Author(s):

Xi An Xie ◽

Gao Feng Quan

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Applied Load ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Bending Test ◽

Bending Properties ◽

Four Point Bending ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Four Point Bending Test ◽

Initial Cracks

Through the four-point bending test of lath-shaped heat treated AZ31 magnesium alloy, the bending properties and damage characteristics were explored. The results show that the optimal bending strength of the magnesium alloy were 355.1MPa and 259.2MPa for extruded and cast samples, respectively, after corresponding heat treatment with 350°C, 90min and 400°C, 30min. The initial cracks both occurred at the loading point after applied load exceeded the yield limit of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Surface bump, cracks and other damage morphology accompanied by a large number of twinning organizations were found on the surface of the samples.

Download Full-text

Effect of Emulsified Asphalt Content on Mechanical Property of Cement and Emulsified Asphalt Mortar

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1132 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 587-589 ◽

pp. 1132-1136

Author(s):

Yue Li ◽

Ping Wang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Bending Test ◽

Test Machine ◽

Peak Strain ◽

Test Results ◽

Slurry System ◽

Similar Appearance ◽

Emulsified Asphalt ◽

Ca Mortar

Uniaxial compression and bending test of CA mortar, which have six different dosage of emulsified asphalt and the same dry material, is carried out with a electronic universal test machine. It turns out that: when the dosage of emulsified asphalt is lacked, the CA mortar cannot be uniform and stable slurry system; within the range of 300~680 mL emulsified asphalt, slurry state of mortar is good, no separation, and have good liquidity, in this range, with the increasing dosage of emulsified asphalt, compressive strength, elastic modulus and peak strain are gradually reduced, while ratio of bending strength to compressive strength rise at the beginning, then decline within a narrow range; The 1st and 2nd slurry is not stable, they appear separation and the surfaced asphalt, which have similar appearance and mechanical properties to cement mortar, and the last four groups of test results have great difference from the former two groups.

Download Full-text

Cyclic fatigue behaviour of hydrothermally aged 3Y-TZP ceramics in 4-point bending tests

Processing and Application of Ceramics ◽

10.2298/pac2102184s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 184-194

Author(s):

Renato Souza ◽

Roberto Duarte ◽

Manuel Alves ◽

Juliana Daguano ◽

Santos dos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bending Strength ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Cyclic Fatigue ◽

Fatigue Behaviour ◽

Fatigue Tests ◽

Bending Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Transformation Toughening ◽

Bending Tests ◽

M Phase

Fatigue is one of the most important properties to be considered in ceramic dental implants due to cyclic mechanical stresses arising from the chewing process. In this work, the fatigue behaviour of hydrothermally degraded ZrO2-based ceramics stabilized with 3mol% Y2O3 (3Y-TZP) was studied in 4-point bending tests. Samples of 3Y-TZP were compacted (100MPa), sintered at 1475 ?C for 2 h, polished and hydrothermally degraded in an autoclave as described in the ISO-13356 standard. The samples were characterized by their relative density, crystalline phase composition, microstructure and surface roughness. The highly dense (>99.6%TD) sintered 3Y-TZP ceramics has only tetragonal t-ZrO2 phase, even after hydrothermal ageing. Furthermore, the ceramic materials presented a Vickers hardness of 12.7?0.2GPa, a fracture toughness of 7.1?0.3MPa?m1/2 and a 4-point bending strength of 940.1?67MPa. Based on the bending test results 5 different stress levels for the fatigue tests were selected and conducted by cyclic 4-point bending obtaining the S-N curve. Weibull statistics was used for the statistical analysis. The fatigue tests indicate that the limit of fatigue resistance of this 3Y-TZP ceramics is around 550MPa, i.e. higher than the limits established in the ISO-13356 standard for the use of Y-TZP ceramics for the manufacture of implants. The fatigue behaviour of the investigated 3Y-TZP ceramics was related to the toughening mechanisms acting in Y-TZP ceramics, such as transformation toughening related to t?m phase transformation and microcracking.

Download Full-text

Optimasi Proses Klasterisasi di MySQL DBMS dengan Mengintegrasikan Algoritme MIC-Kmeans Menggunakan Bahasa SQL dalam Stored Procedure

Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer ◽

10.25126/jtiik.2020702639 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

Issa Arwani

Keyword(s):

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Test Results ◽

Stored Procedure ◽

Average Value ◽

Silhouette Coefficient ◽

Algorithm Mapping ◽

Kmeans Algorithm ◽

Time Required ◽

Mapping Result

Proses klasterisasi data di DBMS akan lebih efisien jika dilakukan langsung di dalam DBMS itu sendiri karena DBMS mendukung untuk pengelolaan data yang baik. SQL-Kmeans merupakan salah satu metode yang sebelumnya telah digunakan untuk mengintegrasikan algoritme klasterisasi K-means ke dalam DBMS menggunakan SQL. Akan tetapi, metode ini juga membawa kelemahan dari algoritme K-means itu sendiri yaitu lamanya iterasi untuk mencapai konvergen dan keakuratan hasil klasterisasi yang belum optimal akibat dari proses inisialisasi centroid awal secara acak. Algoritme Median Initial Centroid (MIC)-Kmeans merupakan pengembangan dari algoritme K-means yang bisa memberikan solusi optimal dalam menentukan awal centroid yang berdampak pada keakuratan dan lamanya iterasi. Dengan keunggulan yang dimiliki algoritme MIC-Kmeans, maka dalam penelitian ini dipilih sebagai alternatif algoritme yang diintegrasikan dalam proses klasterisasi data secara langsung di DBMS menggunakan SQL. Proses integrasinya meliputi 4 tahap yaitu tahap inisialisasi tabel dataset, tahap pemetaan algoritme MIC-Kmeans pada SQL dan tabel dataset, tahap perancangan SQL untuk tiap hasil pemetaan dan tahap implementasi rancangan SQL dalam MySQL stored procedure. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa metode SQL MIC-Kmeans bisa mengurangi 43% jumlah iterasi dan mengurangi 39% waktu yang dibutuhkan dari metode SQL-Kmeans untuk mencapai konvergen. Selain itu, nilai rata-rata silhouette coefficient metode SQL MIC-Kmeans adalah 0,79 dan masuk dalam kategori strong structure (nilai rentang 0,7 sampai 1). Sedangkan nilai rata-rata silhouette coefficient metode SQL-Kmeans adalah 0,68 dan masuk dalam kategori medium structure (nilai rentang 0,5 sampai 0,7).AbstractThe process of data clustering in the DBMS will be more efficient because the DBMS supports good data management. SQL-Kmeans is a method that has been used to integrate K-means clustering algorithms into DBMS using SQL. However, it carries the weakness of the K-means algorithm itself in the duration of iterations to reach convergence and the accuracy of clustering due to the centroid initialization process randomly. Median Initial Centroid (MIC)-Kmeans algorithm is a development of the K-means algorithm that can provide the optimal solution in determining the initial centroid which has an impact on the accuracy and duration of iterations. With the advantages of the MIC-Kmeans algorithm, the method was chosen as an alternative algorithm to be integrated in the DBMS using SQL for a clustering. The integration process includes 4 stages, there are dataset initialization, SQL algorithm mapping and dataset table, SQL design for each mapping result, and implementation SQL in the MySQL stored procedure. The test results show that the SQL MIC-Kmeans method can reduce 43% the number of iterations and reduce 39% of the time required from the SQL-Kmeans method to reach convergence. In addition, the average value of the coefficient SQL MIC-Kmeans method is 0.79 and categorized as strong structure (value ranges from 0.7 to 1). While, the average value of the coefficient SQL-Kmeans method is 0.68 and categorized as medium structure (value ranges from 0.5 to 0.7).

Download Full-text

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Treated Chicken Feather–Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Based Composites

Nano Hybrids and Composites ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.32.73 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 73-84

Author(s):

Md. Farhad Ali ◽

Md. Sahadat Hossain ◽

Tanvir Siddike Moin ◽

Samina Ahmed ◽

A.M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽

Fibre Reinforcement ◽

Test Results ◽

Chicken Feather

The influence of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of treated chicken feather fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (TCFF-UPR) composites was studied in this research. Redundant portions of chicken from poultry farms are comprehensively contaminating the environment. To minimize environmental pollution, these redundant portions need to use for the production of other materials. In this study, we used chicken feather for the preparation of useful composites combining with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) to reduce environmental pollution. The composites were prepared successfully by conventional hand lay up technique using modified chicken feather as the reinforcing phase of composites. For preparing composites different percentages (2, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15% by weight) of fibre were used. Attained tensile test results expressed significant enhancement in the tensile properties of composites, with the optimum combination of tensile strength presented by 5 wt% , tensile modulus presented by 10 wt% untreated chicken feather bio-fibre reinforcement and bending strength by 5 wt% chicken feather bio-fibre reinforcement.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Backhoe’s Bucket Repairment with Cladding Methode

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.841.254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 841 ◽

pp. 254-258

Author(s):

Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽

Muhammad Hafiz ◽

Risky Suparyanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Welding Process ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bending Test ◽

Basic Material ◽

Test Results ◽

Low Carbon

Buckets are the most important component in backhoe construction, the bucket functions as a digger and carrier component in an excavator. Due to the heavy working media of the excavator so that this component is the most easily damaged part, damage that often occurs is wear caused by friction arising so that the thickness of the bucket is reduced which can eventually cause cracks in the bucket and in continuous use can cause the bucket to crack and broken. Cladding method is done to shorten the time or simplify the repair process is to directly patch the damaged part with a welding layer and then do the grading using a grinding. This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the material from the cladding process when compared with the raw material, the variations used are raw material, cladding with filler welding, and cladding with plates. The welding process is carried out with GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) and low carbon steel. Welding results will be tested tensile strength, bending strength , impact test, hardness test, chemical composition, and corrosion rate. From the hardness test results showed that the weld metal from plate variation has the highest hardness value of 443 VHN. From the results of tensile testing the basic material has the highest value with 359.08 MPa. From the bending test results the highest value obtained from filler verification with 494.01 Mpa and the highest impact price obtained from the plate variation cladding method with a value of 1.49 J / mm2

Download Full-text

ANALISA KEKUATAN BENDING KOMPOSIT EPOXY DENGAN PENGUATAN SERAT NILON

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/d.v1i1.130 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nasmi Herlina Sari ◽

S. Sinarep

Keyword(s):

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Standard Test ◽

Bending Test ◽

Test Machine ◽

Test Results ◽

Fiber Volume ◽

Nylon Fiber

The development of composite materials in the field of engineering is increasingly being used. This is because of its properties are superior compared to conventional materials, as the ratio between strength and density are quite high, stiff, the manufacturing process is very simple and resistant to corrosion and fatigue loads. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect the addition of nylon fibers with Epoxy Matrix on the increase in bending strength of epoxy composites. The objected of this study was the composite of nylon fiber, which is cut 12 mm nylon fiber with epoxy resin as a fastening material. Before performing an experiment testing the tensile fibers has done and known to the stress of 461.22 MPa. There are 3 variations of volume fraction In this experiment, those are volume fraction of 40%, 50% and 60%, with 3 variation each. Method in the manufacture of specimens with the way the mould press. Tools to test the specimen is bending test machine (servopulser). Specimens using a standard test of ASTM C 393-94. Bending test results showed that the nylon fiber composite with fiber volume fraction 40% stress of 787.16 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 1.06 GPa, volume fraction of 50% the stress of 902.01 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 1.08 GPa, and for 60% volume fraction of the stress of 950.02 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 0.99 GPa.

Download Full-text

Biokomposit Limbah Plastik Polypropylene Berpenguat Serat Lidah Mertua: Proses Ekstraksi dan Kekuatan Mekanis

Jurnal METTEK ◽

10.24843/mettek.2019.v05.i02.p10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

I Putu Lokantara ◽

Ngakan Putu Gede Suardana

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Tensile Testing ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bending Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Hot Press ◽

Soaking Time ◽

Recycled Polypropylene ◽

The Matrix

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan bending biokomposit limbah plastik polypropylene berpenguat serat lidah mertua. Lidah mertua yang digunakan adalah lidah mertua yang pinggirannya daunnya kuning dengan usia yang seragam. Daun lidah mertua direndam dengan metode water retting selama 7 hari dan proses ekstraksi serat dilakukan secara manual. Polypropylene daur ulang yang digunakan berasal dari limbah plastik minuman gelas. Perlakuan kimia serat lidah mertua dengan konsentrasi 5% NaOH dan waktu perendaman 2 jam. Komposit dicetak dengan menggunakan press panas dengan suhu 200oC dan waktu penahanan 2 jam. Komposit dilakukan pengujian tarik dengan menggunakan ASTM D-570 dan uji bending dengan ASTM 790-03. Hasil uji tarik menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik tertinggi pada fraksi volume 35% sebesar 71,606 MPa. Kekuatan tarik meningkat sebesar 28,9% dari fraksi volume 25% ke fraksi volume 35%. Hasil uji bending menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan bending tertinggi pada fraksi volume 35% sebesar 74,55 MPa. Kekuatan bending meningkat sebesar 22,9% dari fraksi volume 25% ke fraksi volume 35%. Dengan pengamatan foto mikro SEM, ikatan adhesi antara serat dan matrik terjadi dengan baik pada fraksi volume 35%. The purpose of this study was to determine the tensile strength and bending strength of lidah mertua fiber reinforced polypropylene. Lidah mertua is used whose leaf margins are yellow with a uniform age. Lidah mertua leaves were soaked by water retting method for 7 days. Fiber is extracted manually by hand. Recycled polypropylene used comes from glass beverage plastic waste. The chemical treatment of lidah mertua fibers 5% NaOH and a soaking time of 2 hours. Composites are molded using a hot press with a temperature of 200oC and a holding time of 2 hours. Composite tensile testing was carried out using ASTM D-570 and bending test with ASTM 790-03. Tensile test results showed that the highest tensile strength at 35% volume fraction was 71,606 MPa. Tensile strength increased by 28.9% from 25% volume fraction to 35% volume fraction. Bending test results showed that the highest bending strength at 35% volume fraction was 74.55 MPa. The bending strength increased by 22.9% from the 25% volume fraction to the 35% volume fraction. By observing SEM micro photographs, the bond between the fiber and the matrix occurs well at 35% volume fraction

Download Full-text

Cement Composite Reinforced with Synthetic Fibers: Comparison of Three-Point and Four-Point Bending Test Results

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.332 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 827 ◽

pp. 332-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaroslav Topič ◽

Jan Bartoš ◽

Lubomír Kopecký ◽

Karel Šeps ◽

Zdeněk Prošek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bending Strength ◽

Cement Composite ◽

Bending Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Recycled Pet ◽

Bending Tests ◽

Synthetic Fibers ◽

Four Point Bending ◽

Pet Fibers ◽

Four Point Bending Test

Presented article deals with the influence of PET fiber production on the bending strength of cement-based composite when incorporated into the fresh mortar, and comparison of results of 3-point and 4-point bending test. Cement paste samples were reinforced with 2 wt. % of primary or recycled PET fibers. The bending test was performed on prismatic samples with dimension of 40 × 40 × 160 mm. It was found that samples with recycled PET fibers, compared to primary ones, exhibit a decrease in bending strength. In the case of 4-point bending tests, the samples with recycled PET fibers exhibited higher bending strength than reference samples without any fibers. However, in the case of 3-point bending tests, the samples with recycled PET fibers had lower bending strength than the reference ones. The results suggest that recycled PET fibers could be used as an alternative to reinforce cement-based composites.

Download Full-text