STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS FOR STRENGTHENING DAMAGED STONE ARCH STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Валерий Вадимович Павлов ◽  
Евгений Владимирович Хорьков
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Arch Structures ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Structural Solutions ◽  
Historical Periods

Рассмотрены исторические аспекты возникновения каменных арочных конструкций перекрытий, материалы, которые использовались для их возведения в различные исторические периоды, классификация арочных конструкций, а также основные конструктивные решения и технологические аспекты их возведения. Приведены результаты работ, выполненных по определению численных значений геометрических параметров и обследованию технического состояния арочных конструкций зданий старой постройки, расположенных в центральной (исторической) части г. Казани. Приведены результаты исследования работ других авторов по определению наиболее часто встречающихся дефектов и повреждений в арках, а также причины их возникновения. Рассмотрены технические решения различных авторов по усилению арочных конструкций, с использованием различных материалов, в том числе и композитными материалами на основе однонаправленных углеродных волокон. Описана область применения и изложены технические решения, разработанные авторами статьи для усиления арочных конструкций, которые учитывают особенности их конструктивных решений и повреждений. We considered the historical aspects of the emergence of stone arched structures of ceilings, the materials used for their construction in various historical periods, the classification of arched structures, as well as the main design solutions and technological aspects of their construction. We present the results of the work performed to determine the numerical values of geometric parameters and to survey the technical condition of arched structures of old buildings located in the central (historical) part of Kazan. As well we demonstrate the results of a study of the works of other authors to determine the most common defects and damages in arches and the causes of their occurrence. We show the technical solutions of various authors to strengthen arched structures using various materials, including composite materials based on unidirectional carbon fibers. We describe the scope of application and outline the technical solutions developed by the authors of the article for strengthening arched structures that take into account the features of their design solutions and damages.

scholarly journals On Licensing the Technology of Small Modular Reactors

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
О. Dybach ◽  
H. Plachkov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Small Modular Reactors ◽  
Small Modular Reactor ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Operating Organization ◽  
Technical Solutions

There has been a steady growth of interest in the technology of small modular reactors (SMR) in the world recently. SMRs are considered as a promising area for the further development of nuclear industry. The paper defines the term “small modular reactor”, presents the scope, potential advantages and disadvantages of SMR. A review was made and a classification of SMR projects was proposed depending on the novelty of their technical solutions. The paper presents an enlarged comparative analysis of individual SMR technical solutions (based on the example of Holtec International SMR-160) with operating Ukrainian NPPs to identify peculiarities of SMR that should be addressed in licensing. Certain specific design solutions of SMR-160 are correlated with defense-in-depth levels. The approaches and condition for licensing SMR designs in the international practice are analyzed. The paper identifies problematic aspects with regard to regulatory framework and confirmation of the efficiency of SMR design solutions, as well as formulates proposals and recommendations for the first steps to ensure the licensing process in response to the initiative of the operating organization Energoatom.  

scholarly journals Correlation between Defects and Technical Wear of Materials Used in Traditional Construction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2482
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Mariusz Rejment
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measurable Property

The degree of technical wear of old buildings, which are made of basic materials (cement, concrete, steel, timber, plaster, brick) using traditional technology, is expressed by the size and intensity of damage to their elements. The topic of the research concerns old residential buildings from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, which are located in the downtown district of Wroclaw, Poland. The descriptive analysis and the analysis of the definitions of defects that occur in the elements of residential buildings, which were performed as random analyzes, do not allow defects to be considered as measurable variables at a level of visual investigation. The major drawback of the method that is used by experts when assessing the technical condition of civil engineering buildings is that it does not numerically express the magnitude (strength) of the defects. Therefore, an attempt was made to numerically express the relationship (if such a relationship exists) between the occurred defects of buildings and the extent of their technical wear process. When calculating the strength of this relationship, the method of determining the point biserial correlation coefficient for the measurable property and the dichotomous property was used. It was found that the direction of the relation is right-hand for all the tested building elements, but the strength of the correlation between the detected defects and technical wear shows a considerable span and depends on the conditions of the apartment house’s maintenance. As a rule, damage caused by water penetration and moisture penetration always shows correlations of at least moderate strength.

Additional Protocol II: Elevating the minimum threshold of intensity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Martha M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Treaty Interpretation ◽  
Armed Violence

Abstract This paper examines the notion of intensity in the context of common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II (AP II) to the Geneva Conventions in order to establish whether AP II demands a different intensity threshold from the minimum threshold of intensity contemplated in common Article 3. The paper considers the question of whether the inclusion of the term “sustained” in the phrase “sustained and concerted military operations” intrinsic to the threshold in Article 1(1) of AP II introduces a temporal requirement in addition to mere protracted armed violence. The paper argues that the inclusion of the term “sustained” in Article 1(1) of AP II potentially demands prolonged protracted armed violence. The research aims to contribute to the existing literature on the notion of intensity demanded by the scope of application inherent in AP II through an interrogation of the phrase “sustained” military operations by employing the rules of treaty interpretation and by examining relevant case law and scholarly debate. In this way, the author hopes to contribute towards filling a lacuna with regard to the minimum threshold for intensity in the context of treaty law concerned with the classification of non-international armed conflicts.

scholarly journals Reforestation by Seedlings and Saplings: Challenges and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1408-1415
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Technological Analysis

Despite the urgent need to accelerate the development of intensive forest management and reforestation technologies in Russia, the problem of creating progressive technologies and techniques to increase the efficiency of reforestation by seedlings and saplings of forest crops has not been completely resolved, which are serious challenges for accelerated and high-quality reforestation. Of particular concern is the lack of patented equipment competitive in the domestic and foreign markets for reforestation by seedlings and saplings of forest crops that can accelerate the creation of highly productive forests. To answer these challenges, it is proposed as a tool for the synthesis of patentable solutions that increase the efficiency of forest regeneration by seedlings and saplings of forest crops, to use the knowledge base formed on the basis of patent information search and the author’s methodology of functional, structural and technological analysis. A classification of the main areas of patenting in this area is proposed. The most characteristic patented objects of technologies and equipment that can be used as analogues and prototypes for the synthesis and patenting of new intellectual property for planting seedlings/saplings, as well as business entities patenting in this area, are identified. The effects (goals) for the achievement of which the technical solutions incorporated in the patents are directed are revealed. Using the generated knowledge base and the FSTA methodology, a synthesis of new patentable technical solutions has been carried out. Its features and some results are given on the example of several basic objects of machines and manual devices for planting seedlings/saplings. It is proved that the application of the proposed methodology to the selected object for improving the processes of planting seedlings/saplings is effective, which is confirmed by the development and patenting of fundamentally new technical solutions for equipping forest regeneration with seedlings and saplings of forest crops.

scholarly journals Analysis of requirements for modern finishing materials in interior solutions for inpatient facility ward units

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Alevtina Balakina ◽  
Yury Lempl
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Inpatient Facility ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Capital Construction

This article is devoted to the detailed analysis of modern requirements for finishing materials, used in the interiors of inpatient facility ward units. The authors have studied a number of regulatory normative documents acting in the territory of the Russian Federation and analyzed the practical experience of interior decoration of ward units at the health care capital construction facilities. The authors highlight and describe the main requirements for the finishing materials for the inpatient facility ward units and point out the peculiarities of solutions in the interiors. A classification of modern finishing materials (with an indication of their technical characteristics) used in the decoration of interiors of long-term care units is made on the basis of the practical experience studied by the authors taking into account the functional purpose of the premises as well as the variants of visual design of interiors of inpatient facility ward units.

scholarly journals Information security - its essence and threats

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estera Pietras
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Technical Solutions

Due to the exchange of information, organizations are encouraged to create an effective system of information flow that should be monitored on a regular basis in order to minimize the risk of emergence of threats. Due to modern technical solutions of security systems, it is much more possible and accessible than a few years ago. For this purpose, proper identification and classification of threats is necessary. This constitutes the starting point for considering the role and the essence of risk. The article highlights the aspects related to ensuring information security as a whole and data protection- the most important assets of business entities.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECULARISM AND RELIGIOSITY

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
D. Kussainov ◽  
◽  
M. Nurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Ethical Assessment ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between secularism and religiosity, to reveal the internal structure of their contextual meaning. The first part of the article examines the place of the principle of secularism in the system of spiritual and religious values. Secularization, secular, and references to secularization in most cases may be unclear. Currently, there is no easy way to standardize each term by associating it with only one concept. But the fact that different terms have a single linguistic root should not hide that they work in different conceptual frameworks with different histories. Although they sometimes inform each other, we must distinguish between the scope of application, such as a reference to temporary life or secular life, Constitutions that separate religion from politics, and the possible collapse of religion. The second part reveals the place of the concept of religiosity in the system of philosophical knowledge. The inconsistency and multilevel nature of religious life can be traced from the earliest time, primarily in religious analysis. The problem of determining the qualitative state of a believing person, aspirations, values, optimality of human behavior is reflected in this ideological scientific search for determining her religiosity, classification of types religion, religious behavior. Therefore, to date, the authors have not been able to avoid, firstly, an ethical assessment of the situations under consideration, and secondly, not to link the analysis conducted with the tasks and activities of a religious organization. The problem of religiosity in the consciousness and behavior of people, radical changes took place in society, which led to the emergence of new religious trends and changes in traditional trends. The terms denoting the main phenomena in religious life have undergone changes following religious life.

scholarly journals Development trends of outboard launchers for unmanned underwater vehicles and marine underwater weapons from underwater carriers (based on materials from open publications)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.О. Боярчик ◽  
В.Г. Михлин ◽  
А.А. Румянцев ◽  
Р.А. Урусов
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Unmanned Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Solutions

Принимая во внимание бурное развитие морской подводной техники для разведки и добычи полезных ископаемых со дна Мирового океана, которое невозможны без широкого использования необитаемых подводных аппаратов (НПА), вопросы, связанные с их отделением от носителя, становятся, несомненно, актуальными. Среди широкой номенклатуры подводных аппаратов, используемых для этих целей, особое место занимают НПА торпедообразной формы. К основной их миссии относят вопросы разведки мест залегания полезных ископаемых, освещения подводной обстановки при проведении работ, а также вопросы контроля технического состояния оборудования, оснащения мест добычи ископаемых, а также охраны района. В статье анализируются тенденции развития забортных пусковых установок, на основе открытых зарубежных и отечественных публикаций (статей, патентов, рекламных буклетов). Рассмотрены известные технические решения забортных пусковых установок и намечены наиболее перспективные направления развития пусковых установок. Taking into account the rapid development of marine underwater equipment for exploration and mining from the bottom of the oceans, which is impossible without the widespread use of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), issues related to their separation from the carrier are undoubtedly relevant. Among the wide range of underwater vehicles used for these purposes, a special place is occupied by torpedo-shaped UUV. Their main mission includes issues of exploration of mineral deposits, an overview of the underwater situation during work, as well as issues of monitoring the technical condition of equipment, equipping mining sites, as well as protecting the area. The article analyzes the development trends of overboard launchers based on open foreign and domestic publications (articles, patents, advertising booklets). The well-known technical solutions of overboard launchers are considered and the most promising directions for the development of launchers are outlined.

Corrective Solutions for the Shaft with Flange Used for Fixing the Blade on a 5 kW Wind Turbine to Withstand Extreme Weather Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1029 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Rodica Bădărău ◽  
Teodor Miloş ◽  
Ilare Bordeaşu ◽  
Adrian Bej
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technical Solutions

The paper presents a case study on the original solution of a flange shaft as part of the root area of a 5 kW wind turbine blade. There were analyzed the causes that led to the shaft breakage under wind loadings in extreme weather conditions, and consequently technical solutions have been searched in order to improve the shaft design making it more reliable as mechanical strength at extreme wind loadings. The flange shaft is a welded subassembly that keeps the blades attached to the rotor hub. The first part of the paper consists in an analysis referring the loading status, the materials used for blade manufacturing, the identification of critical areas where the breaking was initiated and also the causes for which the materials assumed and specified in the technical design and manufacturing technology failed under loading at wind gusts of about 30 m/sec. Based on this preliminary analysis, the second part of the paper presents the technical solutions which were considered in reference to the materials and the improved design concept aiming to provide the right mechanical strength necessary to withstand specific wind loadings in extreme weather conditions.

Assessment of the technical condition of mines with mechanical fuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Adam Kubecki ◽  
Cezary Śliwiński ◽  
Janusz Śliwiński ◽  
Ireneusz Lubach ◽  
Leszek Bogdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Precise Adjustment ◽  
Main Charge ◽  
Materials Used

Contemporary armed conflicts reveal that the use of effective mine barriers has a significant impact on the course of hostilities. Therefore, the Polish Armed Forces selected reliable and effective explosive ordnance as a priority, both newly-acquired material and those currently in operation. For this reason, among others, strict supervision over the technical condition of mines is exercised, in particular during their long-term storage. The reasons behind the increased mine unreliability may include physical and chemical changes in the construction materials used (corrosion, deformations, loss of strength properties), deterioration of the physicochemical properties of the main charge, booster and primer-detonator, inadequate technical condition of the safety components, or the failure of mine fuse mechanisms. In order to assess the mine's operational reliability, each mine fuse subassembly is examined and then a check of the entire assembled mine is performed. This requires proper planning of the full test cycle and the use of inspected and calibrated measuring devices and test stands enabling the precise adjustment of mechanical and climatic stress parameters.

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