scholarly journals Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi terhadap Gugus Fungsi Arang Aktif Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr.) dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate (K2SiO3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Nandini Nur Hijrah ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Erniwati Erniwati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Palm Bunch

This study aims to determine the effect of variations of the sugar palm activation temperature on the functional groups of activated charcoal from palm bunch (Arengga Pinnata Merr) with potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activation agent. The process of making an chemically activated charcoal is divided into three stages, firstly the preparation stage of preparing the palm bunches into cutting, washing and drying, secondly carbonitation stage at a temperature of 300oC – 400oC about ± 8 hours and the chemical activation stage. Potassium silicate K2SiO3 is a new activation agent that is used to activate an activated charcoal by using 2 : 1 ratio (K2SiO3: activated palm bunches) for 12 hours and an activation temperature of 600oC, 650oC, 700oC, 750oC, and 800oC for 30 minutes. Characterization of activated charcoal from palm bunches was tested by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The FTIR spectrum shows that the activated charcoal produced has an absorption pattern with the types of bonds are C≡C (Alkuna), C=C (Aromatic Rings), C-H (Alkanes), Si-O and C-H (Alkanes). The Information was obtained that a good activation temperature for activated charcoal of palm  bunches was seen at temperatures of 650oC, 700oC and 750oC with the largest IR absorption was seen at temperatures of 700 oC.

Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi Terhadap Daya Serap Arang Aktif Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) Dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate(K2SiO3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Erniwati Erniwati
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor

This study aims to determine the effect of variation of activation temperature of activated carbon from sugar palm bunches of chemically activatied with the activation agent of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue. Activated carbon from bunches of sugar palmacquired in four steps: preparationsteps, carbonizationstepsusing the pyrolysis reactor with temperature of 300 oC - 400 oC for 8 hours and chemical activation using of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activator in weight ratio of 2: 1 and physical activation using the electric furnace for 30 minutes with temperature variation of600 oC, 650 oC, 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC. The iodine and methyleneblue adsorption testedby Titrimetric method and Spectrophotometry methodrespectively. The results of the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue activated carbon from sugar palm bunches increased from 240.55 mg/g and 63.14 mg/g at a temperature of 600 oC to achieve the highest adsorption capacity of 325.80 mg/g and 73.59 mg/g at temperature of 700 oC and decreased by 257.54 mg/g and 52.03 mg/g at a temperature of 800 oCrespectively.However, it does not meet to Indonesia standard (Standard Nasional Indonesia/SNI), which is 750 mg/g and 120 mg/g respectively.

scholarly journals Activated Carbons (AC) Prepared by Direct CO2 Activation of Parsea Americana seeds Biomass for Supercapacitor Electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2049 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Ramadani Putri Anakis ◽  
Irma Apriyani
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Co2 Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cyclic Voltametry ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Biomass converted into activated carbon (AC) by using physical activation method can form micro-meso pore structure and maintain the interconnected natural pore network of biomass. AC is prepared from the biomass of Parsea Americana seeds (PAS) through a process of pre-carbonization, chemical activation, carbonization and physical activation which is activated at temperatures of 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C. Characterization of physical properties of AC electrodes consisted of X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray and characterization of electrochemical properties of supercapacitor cells using Cyclic Voltametry. The results showed that the microstructure of the AC electrode has a semicrystalline structure characterized by the presence of two sloping peaks at an angle of 2θ around 24° and 44° which corresponded to the hkl (002) and (100) planes, where the lowest Lc value was produced by the PAS-900 sample. The PAS-900 sample had aggregates or lumps with smaller size in small amounts in the presence of micro-mesopores and had the highest carbon content of 94.50% with the highest capacitance value of 203.12 F/g. The temperature of 900°C is the best activation temperature in the process of manufacture AC electrodes from Parsea Americana seeds biomass for supercapacitor cell applications.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASSAVA PEEL CARBON ACTIVATED USING ZnCl2¬

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luki Aprilliya Setiyoningsih
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Time Characteristic ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Cassava Peel

In this study, to determine the characteristics of charcoal from the manufacture using a modification tool, and to determine the effect of system density variation. Activated charcoal is made through several stages namely, dehydration, carbonization and activation. The use of the modifikation at the carbonization stage will result in different activated charcoal. The activation proses used in chemical activation by immersing the charcoal in a ZnCl2 activator solution. The charcoal massa period used is 1:1 with the charcoal massa : the activator period. Comparison of the massa used to produce increased system density of 2%, 4%. 6%, 8%, and 10%. The activation time used in accordance with the previous study was 8 hours. The active charcoal made using the modified means is obtained for the optimum 2% effect of system density at 8 hours of activation time. Characteristic values obtained at 2% system density were 3.67% moisture content, ash content 13.5%, iod absorption 277 mg / g, and density 0.31 g / mL.Keyword:activated charcoal, modifiers, chemical activation

scholarly journals Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi Terhadap Struktur Kristalin Arang Aktif Dari Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) Dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate (K2SiO3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Nurlia Nurlia ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Erniwati Erniwati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Irregular Arrangement

This study aims to determine the effect of variations of  activation temperature of  activated carbon from sugar palm bunches of chemically activatied with the activation agent of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the crystalline structure. Activated carbon is the result of pyrolysis of carbonaceous raw materials at temperatures lower than  of 1000 oC. Activated carbon from bunches of sugar palm acquired in four steps: preparation steps, carbonization steps using the pyrolysis reactor with temperature of 300 oC - 400 oC for 8 hours and chemical activation using of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activator in weight ratio of 2: 1 and physical activation using the electric furnace for 30 minutes with temperature variation of 600 oC, 650 oC, 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC. The crystalline structure tested by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method, the results yielded of 26,60o, 26,62o, 26,16o, 26,22o, 26,97o,  and 26,68o respectively. The highest crystalline structure yield was 22.26% at temperature of  600 oC and the lowest was 8.83% at temperature of 650 oC. The results obtained were amorphous  91.17% at the highest temperature of 650 oC and the lowest 77.74% at temperatur of  600 oC  which has a random and irregular arrangement pattern of atoms or molecules repeatedly or not periodically.

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Charcoal Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensiss Jacq) Shell Waste using SEM and FTIR: Effect of Activation Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rasyid Syidiq ◽  
La Ode Yusran ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Suritno Fayanto
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Two Stages

This study aims to determine the structure of morphology and functional groups from activated charcoal for palm oil waste with variations in activation temperature. The process of two stages: the carbonation and activation stage. Carbonation process using a pyrolysis reactor at a carbonation temperature of 200oC -400oC for 6 hours. Then, the sample activated at a temperature of 700 °C, 750oC, 800oC, and 850 °C. Samples were characterization using SEM and FTIR. SEM analysis results show the largest pore size at a temperature of 850 oC with a diameter of 48.3 nm, and the lowest temperature was 700 °C with a capacity of 35.3 nm. Activated charcoal from oil palm shell waste at mesopore size. Next, FTIR analysis results show wave numbers 2165,18 cm-1, 1554 cm-1, 1030,76 cm-1 dan 424,11 cm-1.  The removal of some absorption bands and  the formation of new absorption bands, caused by the activation temperature

scholarly journals Characterization of activated charcoal microstructure porosity of cashewnut shell (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Jurnal Galam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Dewi Alimah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Transverse Cross Section ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) shell is abundantly available as waste from chasew nut processing industries. Cashew nut shell is potentially used for activated charcoal. This paper characterize the porosity microstructure of activated charcoal made from cashew nut shells which is physically activated at various activation temperatures. Initially, cashew nut shells were collected and carbonized at 500°C for 3 hours. Then, the charcoal was activated at 800°C and 1000°C for 60 minutes. The characterization of microstructure porosity of cashew nut shell activated charcoal at transverse cross-section was carried out at 500 times magnification of 10 kV Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) using a grain-shaped test sample. Observation of the porosity formed on the sample surface included pore size and frequency. Observation data were arranged in tabulated form and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the frequency of pores in charcoal activated at 1000°C tended to be higher than that of charcoal activated at 800°C. The higher activation temperature increased the pore diameter of the charcoal and decreased the clogging residue. Keywords: mesoporous, pyrolysis, hydrocarbon

scholarly journals COPPER REMOVAL USING ACID ACTIVATED PEANUT HUSK FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradnya K. INGLE ◽  
Attarkar KARISHMA ◽  
Virendra K. RATHOD
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Concentration

Peanut husk, an agricultural waste is a precursor biomass veteran for chemical activation using phosphoric acid. The work deals with activation of peanut husk using phosphoric acid followed by its application. The effect of various parameters such as impregnation ratio, temperature, particle size and agitation speed on copper adsorption were also studied. Physical characterization of the activated adsorbent was done using SEM, BET and FTIR to understand the modifications. The optimum parameter values of chemical activation influencing adsorption were 20% phosphoric acid concentration, 1:8 acid impregnation ratio, 60 °C activation temperature and 350 rpm stirring speed. The copper uptake was 14.3 mg/g for peanut husk whereas by chemical activation it was increased to 17.88 mg/g. Thus adsorption capacity of peanut husk can be successfully improved using phosphoric acid activation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Active Carbon Prepared from Coconuts Shells using FTIR, XRD and SEM Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Ikhtiar Bakti ◽  
Paulus Lobo Gareso
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon And Graphite ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Activated carbon is produced from coconut shells through physical and chemical activation. With pyrolysis method, the optimum activation temperature for physics activation is 600oC, and for chemical, activation is to soak it in activator ZnCl2 10% and Na2Ca3 10%. Activated carbon was analyzed by Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The FTIR result showed that the coconut shells succeeds in becoming carbon. The XRD results confirm the existence of several phases of crystals like graphite around the peaks of 36o and 44o, there are two wide diffraction peaks and can be interconnected with carbon and graphite content. The SEM result showed that the carbonization of pyrolysis and activation processes created porosity and a large surface area for absorption.Keywords: activated carbon, coconut shell, FTIR, SEM, XRD

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of groundnut shell-based activated charcoal

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2139-2146
Author(s):  
L.O. Ajala ◽  
E.E. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Impregnation Temperature ◽  
Groundnut Shell

Groundnut shell, an agricultural waste was used as a precursor for the preparation of activated charcoal using zinc chloride as a chemical activating agent. The results of the optimization studies showed that the activated charcoal had best iodine adsorption capacity at 1.0 mol dm-3 activator’s concentration, 2:1 impregnation ratio, 70 ℃ impregnation temperature, 12 hr impregnation time, 500 ℃ activation temperature, and 2hr activationtime. The surface chemistry of the adsorbent was studied by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The activated charcoal was found to contain porous structures with adsorption capacities significantly correlated with iodine value, porosity, and surface area. The surface morphology of the activated charcoal was altered as compared with the un-activated product, signifying that the adsorbent had been chemically modified. The disappearance of some functional groups and shift in some absorption bands were further indication that surface structural modification took place during activation and carbonization.This research has revealed that groundnut shell could be employed for the production of an alternative adsorbent which can be utilize for filtration and detoxification of impure water, treatment of effluent and wastewater, adsorption of pesticides, heavy metals and dyes from aqueous media.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xingping ZHANG ◽  
Haichao Li ◽  
Guangle Wang ◽  
Qingsong Ji ◽  
Tian Liang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Pyridinic N

Abstract Blood (livestock blood) is a cheap and readily available biomass material with a relatively high protein content.In this study, bio-nitrogen doped activated carbon (BN-AC) was prepared by chemical activation method with nitrogen-rich pig blood as raw material and magnesium chloride as activator.The specific surface area of BN-AC is 283.719 m2/g, and the pore volume is 0.128 cm3/g.The optimum conditions for the preparation of BN-AC were as follows: the mass impregnation ratio of activator to blood powder was 2:1, the impregnation time was 12 h, and the activation temperature was 600 ℃.The forms of biological nitrogen in activated carbon were studied by elemental analysis, Boehm titration, FTIR and XPS.The results showed that the total basicity of 0.720 mmol/g, and acidity of 0.313 mmol/g of the BN-AC.The surface of the precursor has only one Pyrrolic N, and the surface of BN-AC contains Pyridinic N, Pyrrolic N and Graphitic N, the N content of the precursor was successfully preserved.BN-AC has higher methylene blue and iodine adsorption values than ordinary activated carbon.

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