scholarly journals Alternatives for the recovery and renewal of degraded pastures

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
Natan Teles Cruz ◽  
Daniel Lucas Santos Dias ◽  
Daniela Deitos Fries ◽  
Renata Rodrigues Jardim ◽  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Production System ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Degraded Pastures

This review aimed to approach the dynamics of pasture degradation, relating its causes and forms of recovery and/or renewal. Despite being based on extensive systems, Brazilian agriculture faces serious problems related to pasture degradation. The reduction in forage productivity directly affects the production system, having negative impacts on the economy and the ecosystem. Factors such as the choice of forage species, grazing management and the use of fire are the main factors responsible for the degradation of pastures in Brazil, causing an environmental and productive imbalance. However, it is possible to stop the progress of degradation and resume system productivity using pre-defined techniques in accordance with the objective of the production system. Furthermore, pasture recovery techniques are efficient for the resumption of productivity, and environmental protection, by helping to reduce greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, more research is needed to prove and consolidate pasture recovery techniques in the environmental, economic, and social scope.

scholarly journals Analysis of evapotranspiration and biomass in pastures with degradation indicatives in the Upper Tocantins River Basin, in Brazilian Savanna

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Guimarães Andrade ◽  
Antônio Heriberto de Castro Teixeira ◽  
Janice Freitas Leivas ◽  
Sandra Furlan Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Ndvi Time Series ◽  
Tocantins River ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Degraded Pastures

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to apply the Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) with MODIS images together with meteorological data to analyze evapotranspiration (ET) and biomass production (BIO) according to indicative classes of pasture degradation in Upper Tocantins River Basin. Indicative classes of degraded pastures were obtained from the NDVI time-series (2002-2012). To estimate ET and BIO in each class, MODIS images and data from meteorological stations of the year 2012 were used. The results show that compared to not-degraded pastures, ET and BIO were different in pastures with moderate to strong degradation, mainly during water stress period. Therefore, changes in energy balance partition may occur according to the degradation levels, considering that those indicatives of degradation processes were identified in 24% of the planted pasture areas. In this context, ET and BIO estimates using remote sensing techniques can be a reliable indicator of forage availability, and large-scale aspects related to the degradation of pastures. It is expected that this knowledge may contribute to initiatives of public policies aimed at controlling the loss of production potential of pasture areas in the Upper Tocantins River Basin in the state of Goiás, Brazil.

scholarly journals Least limiting water range of Udox soil under degraded pastures on different sun-exposed faces

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Ribeiro Passos ◽  
Liovando Marciano da Costa ◽  
Igor Rodrigues de Assis ◽  
Danilo Andrade Santos ◽  
Hugo Alberto Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The South ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Degraded Pastures

AbstractThe efficient use of water is increasingly important and proper soil management, within the specificities of each region of the country, allows achieving greater efficiency. The South and Caparaó regions of Espírito Santo, Brazil are characterized by relief of ‘hill seas’ with differences in the degree of pasture degradation due to sun exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the least limiting water range in Udox soil under degraded pastures with two faces of exposure to the sun and three pedoenvironments. In each pedoenvironment, namely Alegre, Celina, and Café, two areas were selected, one with exposure on the North/West face and the other on the South/East face. In each of these areas, undisturbed soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth to determine the least limiting water range. The exposed face of the pasture that received the highest solar incidence (North/West) presented the lowest values in least limiting water range. The least limiting water range proved to be a physical quality indicator for Udox soil under degraded pastures.

scholarly journals Innovation, competitiveness and sustainability factors for evaluation and prospection of geographical indications in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 03022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Flores ◽  
I. Falcade
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Main Factors

The paper systematizes critical factors for the development of Geographical Indications, allowing to identify potentials of intervention in order to support GIs' structuring and consolidation, to prospect new ones and to compare GIs from different regions or products. Despite the importance of the GIs, there is a relative consensus among experts that its success is related to factors ranging from actor engagement and governance to institutional support and public policy. Twenty critical factors were selected, classified into five dimensions: environmental, economic, social, political-institutional and territorial. The factors were evaluated and validated by ten experts regarding their pertinence and relation with sustainability, innovation and competitiveness. The evaluation of the experts validated the 20 factors, considering more significant those linked to the territorial and political-institutional dimensions. Environmental factors were considered important but not essential; however, the process of consolidation of GIs has the potential to improve performance in this direction. Also, the evaluation allowed to relate the main factors in terms of innovation, competitiveness and sustainability for GIs' structuring and management. The application of the scale allows assessing different regions, indicating opportunities and barriers for their development.

Decentralized peri-urban wastewater treatment technologies assessment integrating sustainability indicators

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Mena-Ulecia ◽  
Heykel Hernández Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of treatment technologies without considering the environmental, economic and social factors associated with each geographical context risks the occurrence of negative impacts that were not properly foreseen, working against the sustainable performance of the technology. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate 12 technologies for decentralized treatment of domestic wastewater applicable to peri-urban communities using sustainability approaches and, at the same time, continuing a discussion about how to address a more integrated assessment of overall sustainability. For this, a set of 13 indicators that embody the environmental, economic and social approach for the overall sustainability assessment were used by means of a target plot diagram as a tool for integrating indicators that represent a holistic analysis of the technologies. The obtained results put forward different degrees of sustainability, which led to the selection of: septic tank + land infiltration; up-flow anaerobic reactor + high rate trickling filter and septic tank + anaerobic filter as the most sustainable and attractive technologies to be applied in peri-urban communities, according to the employed indicators.

A Time-Variant Reliability Evaluation Method on Fatigue of Riser System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Sun ◽  
Liping Sun ◽  
Wei Dai
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Fatigue Reliability ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Main Factors

Riser has been and will be an important part of the offshore production system. Due to the complexity of environment, reliability evaluation is needed for the riser system to ensure the safety and durability. The analysis of the failure modes of riser system was studied in this article, firstly, the main factors of which may lead to failure of riser system were analyzed and classified; secondly, a time-variant reliability evaluation method was proposed to calculate fatigue reliability of riser system; finally, riser fatigue reliability of a certain FPSO is calculated by the proposed method, the results showed that time-variant reliability can better externalize safety of riser during structural service. The proposed method of this paper was significance in safety and integrity assessment of riser system.

scholarly journals THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN RELATION TO THEIR SECTOR AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 555-561
Author(s):  
Mariya Topchieva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production System ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mitigation Potentials ◽  
Terrestrial Eutrophication

Greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to water, air and soil are agriculture’s main environmental externalities, which contribute to significant negative impacts, such as climate change, water and terrestrial eutrophication and loss of biodiversity, among others. The environmental performance of agricultural farms differs significantly depending on the sector, on the production system, and on the applied production practices. Therefore, the potential for reduction of the farms’ negative environmental impacts varies significantly. By means of literature review and analysis, the article aims to present an overview of the environmental impacts of the agricultural farms, considering their sector and production system. As a result, an outline of farms with the lowest to highest negative environmental impact is presented. This distinction allows for further analysis of the factors contributing to the most polluting and resource-intensive production practices in agriculture. In conclusion, mitigation potentials and opportunities for improving the environmental performance of farms are given, with relevance to the specific sectors and production systems.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of online news content objectivity on Covid-19 between Detik.com and Kompas.com

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Silvia Pristianita ◽  
Rino Febrianno Boer ◽  
Yohanes Nugroho Widiyanto ◽  
Amanda Mercedes ◽  
Marta Rustono Farady
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Online News ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Negative Impacts

Since March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has been declared as a global pandemic. The case of the COVID-19 has become the major topic of the media around the world because it didn’t only threaten human life, it also gave negative impacts on various sectors. Many kinds of news about COVID-19, which its context started from information about the disease until it is been associated with politics and economics, have been published every day, especially in this globalization era, where information can be instantly accessed. The news about COVID-19 became overflow, at the point, various interests lead media for not being objective. While generating the news, journalists are expected to make the news objectively as it is the most important condition in journalism. Objectivity aims at presenting the real situation of some reporting events based on fact, relevance, and neutrality, which became the main factors of objective news. At the same time, it is been known that media have the power to construct social reality depending on how they created the news. This research used quantitative content analysis and was conducted in six phases from January 30th until March 15, 2020. The purpose of this research was to explain the comparative objectivity of two main online news in Indonesia (namely, detik.com and kompas.com.) on reporting COVID-19.

scholarly journals Assessing Pasture Degradation in the Brazilian Cerrado Based on the Analysis of MODIS NDVI Time-Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Pereira ◽  
Laerte Ferreira ◽  
Flávia Pinto ◽  
Leandro Baumgarten
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Modis Ndvi ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Ndvi Time Series ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Degree Of Degradation ◽  
Degraded Pastures

Around 55% of all Brazilian cattle production is located in the Cerrado biome, which also contains the largest pasture area in Brazil. Previous studies indicated that about 60% of these pastures were degraded by 2010. However, up-to-date and more precise estimates are necessary to access the extent and degree of degradation of the Cerrado pastures, since these areas constitute strategic land reserves for both livestock intensification and soybean expansion. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the area of degraded pastures in the Cerrado by analyzing the trends of cumulative NDVI anomalies over time used as a proxy for pasture degradation. The generated slope surface was segmented into two classes, comprising non-degraded and degraded pastures, which were correlated with socio-economic and biophysical variables. According to our study, around 39% of the Cerrado pastures are currently degraded, encompassing 18.2 million hectares, mostly in areas with a cattle carrying capacity below 1.0 AU ha−1. These areas, distributed in the northwest Cerrado, mostly within the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Piauí, and Bahia (i.e., Matopiba region), tend to be associated with decreasing rainfall patterns and low investments in soil conservation practices. The degraded areas also tend to be concentrated in municipalities with low human development indices (HDI).

scholarly journals Application of an improved vegetation index from the visible spectrum in the diagnosis of degraded pastures: Implications for development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Quinaia ◽  
Renato Valle Junior ◽  
Victor Coelho ◽  
Rafael Cunha ◽  
Carlos Valera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Degraded Pastures

Inadequate pasture management causes land degradation and negative impacts on the socio-economic development of agricultural regions. Given the importance for Brazil and the World of pasture-based livestock production, the recognition of pasture degradation is essential. The use of remote sensing satellite systems to detect degraded pastures increased in the recent past, because of their capability to survey large portions of Earth’s surface. A struggle nowadays is to improve detection accuracy and to implement high-resolution surveys at farmland scale using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The satellite sensors capture reflectance from the visible spectrum and near infrared bands, which allows estimating plant’s vigor vegetation indices. The NDVI is a widely accepted index, but to generate an NDVI map using a UAV a relatively high-cost multispectral sensor is required, while most UAVs are equipped with low-cost RGB cameras. In the present study, a script developed on the Google Earth Engine image-processing platform manipulated images from the Landsat 8 satellite, and compared the performances of NDVI and an improved color index that we coined “Total Brightness Quotient” of red (TBQR), green (TBQG) and blue (TBQB) bands. An efficient detection of pasture degradation using the TBQs would be a good prognosis for the surveys at farm scale where environmental authorities are progressively using UAVs and forcing landowners towards pasture restoration. When compared to NDVI, the TBQG showed a correlation of 0.965 and an accuracy of 88.63%. Thus, the TBQG proved as efficient as the NDVI in the diagnosis of degraded pastures.

scholarly journals HIDDEN AND MULTIPLE VICTIMIZATION: FORCED MARRIAGE IN TURKEY

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Zeynep REVA
Keyword(s):  
Parental Consent ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Forced Marriage ◽  
Multiple Victimization ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Age Of Marriage

Aim: Forced marriages are the marriages in which one or both spouses do not give consent to the marriage. Violence, threats, or any other form of coercion is involved to actualize the marriages and cause multiple victimization. Victims of forced marriages may be women, men, girls and boys. The subject of the victimization may be all types of violence. This study aims to evaluate and to raise the awareness of the professionals who work in the field, and to suggest solutions to prevent the forced marriages. Materials and Methods: In the study, a total of 296 people (66% women and 34% men), who work in the fields in Mersin, Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa and Istanbul provinces where the risk factor is high, were surveyed; and workshops were organised with them. The survey results were analysed by using the SPSS 20 statistical program. Results: The survey was applied to the professionals working in the field. Only 46% of participants correctly answered the question about the age of marriage with parental consent. 10% of the participants stated that they look positively to the marriage of those under the age of 18. 9 out of 100 people working in the field do not see child marriage as a type of forced marriage. 32% of the employees in the field specified that they do not know where to apply in case of the danger of forced marriage. Conclusion: The main factors lead to forced marriage may be specified as lack of education, customs and traditions, family honour, economic reasons, migration, social and family pressure on parents, and domestic violence. Forced marriages have significant negative impacts especially for young women. Trainings of the professionals will be the first step of solving the problem. The next step will be defining forced marriage as a criminal offence in Turkey.

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