Class Distinction: Symbolic, Imaginary and Real

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Świrek
Keyword(s):  
Group Formation ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Class Difference ◽  
The Real ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Class Distinction

The way social classes exist is closely related to representation. In this paper, I look at the representation of class difference from a psychoanalytic perspective, using the concepts of symbolic, imaginary and real register introduced by Jacques Lacan. These concepts make it possible to distinguish between different dimensions of representation (above all, the symbolic and imaginary dimensions), and also raise the question of the aporetic nature of any representation (thanks to the notion of the real register). The symbolic dimension is related to group formation (inclusion and exclusion) and points to the normative character of class identifications. Related to the imaginary dimension are the embodied images of self and others, driven by the dynamics of envy and resentment. The real dimension, on the other hand, is introduced by metaphors of lost objects and traumatic interclass violence. I use a variety of visual materials and literary texts from different historical moments of capitalist social formation to illustrate the analyses of the three registers. In the concluding section of the text, I describe the interconnectedness of the three registers using the example of an excerpt from the biographical narrative of a worker. In the conclusion, I address the contemporary opacity of class relations, but I do not interpret it as an indicator of the "death of classes," but as a historical moment of the disarticulation of class difference.

scholarly journals Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Meet Edward II

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boldizsár Fejérvári
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
The Real ◽  
Edward Ii

It is a common fashion in literary criticism, or 'Lit Crit,' to treat reality, human behaviour, communication, and everything else as though they were 'texts to be read.' This paper proposes to go the other way: it interprets literature (or, more precisely, one literary text, Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead) as a part of reality in which several other layers of the real combine, such as linguistics, science, or other literary texts, most notably Hamlet. While Edward II is not generally considered a direct source for Stoppard's play, this paper shows how, in the wider perspective of 'interreality,' Marlowe's tragedy might interact with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. At the same time it is proved that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, contrary to the critical conception of many, is not a parasitic work 'feeding off' Elizabethan playwrights, but a play that enters a symbiotic relationship with its host (as defined by Hillis Miller).

scholarly journals Corpus Assisted Approach To Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Samuel Kwesi Nkansah
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
Objective Investigation

Armah’s The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born is a novel known for its extensive portrayal of the ills and anomalies in the Ghanaian society right after independence. The majority of studies on the novel have overwhelmingly concluded that corruption is the preoccupation of the text. This view appears skewed in many respects. This paper argues that the corpus assisted approach can contribute methodologies to support objective investigation of the subject matters of the text. This study, adopting the corpus-assisted approach in a mix of numerical data and qualitative description of Armah’s The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born, used frequencies of the occurrence of pejorative terms in the text to determine the dominant subject matters in the novel. The approach reveals that “rot” and “decay” are the most dominant motifs used, followed by “filth”, “corruption”, and “bribery”. It suggests that clusters, i.e., recurrence of words, characters’ association with the words, and context of use serve as textual cues in thematic exploration. The approach aids in revealing that the real intent of The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born is that the total breakdown of the society rests on seemingly insignificant characters. The paper has implications for methodological approaches to thematic analysis of literary texts, particularly, the novel.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Jennifer Richards
Keyword(s):  
Oral Reading ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Digital Medium ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
The Real ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Digital Books ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Voice

The Conclusion looks forward to future cross-disciplinary work on the physical voice. It reflects on why a literary scholar might be interested in the physical voice, recalling that literary texts are full of voices that make reference to the real voice off the page. It also suggests why a Renaissance literary historian might have something distinctive to offer future work on the voice, recalling the inter-relationship in this period between voice and printed books. It recognizes that a new technological revolution is well underway that is changing our relationship with print. It briefly considers how the digital medium uses or ignores voice, and asks whether a new history of oral reading can enable us to imagine different ways of interacting with—and immersing ourselves in—the print/digital books of the future.

‘No learned rhetorical flourishes!’ Anti-rhetorical narration and metaphorical agency in Raabe’sCeltic Bones

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Elshout
Keyword(s):  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
The Real ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Virtual Events ◽  
Narrative Function

As Monika Fludernik (2011) points out, creative metaphors receive less attention than conceptual metaphors in cognitive studies. The complex role of metaphor in literature and its narrative function needs to be further explored. Realistic novellas do not display a predilection towards elaborate creative metaphors. They contain other figures of speech and more conventional figurative forms such as symbols, allegories and similes – the latter to approximate an experience or perception. My hypothesis is, however, that in realistic texts metaphorical agency is often contained and instigated by virtual micronarratives (digression, memory, association, imagination and dream). How does metaphoricity relate to virtual parts of the storyworld? In order to investigate this question I use Wilhelm Raabe’s poetic realist novella Keltische Knochen ( Celtic Bones, published 1864) as a case study. Raabe’s travel account shows how virtual passages can receive and entail a metaphorical dimension. In Raabe’s novella the narrator witness claims that it does not manipulate reality by rhetorical tricks and metaphorical transformations, and therefore makes a clear distinction between the virtual and real parts of the storyworld. At the same time this distinction is undermined because the virtual events interfere with the real events and transform them into metaphorical sequences. The metaphorical sequences open up alternative segments of the storyworld that can be coined as paranarratives. The case study exposes the negotiability and the co-text dependence of literary metaphoricity and contributes to the exploration of the narrative potential of figurativeness in literary texts.

scholarly journals Literary texts and artistic images in modern ground architecture

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Kornieieva ◽  
Maryna Diachenko
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Artists

The article focuses on the image of ground that had various meanings in the human culture from ancient times. On the one hand, it was a place of living that provided people with all means necessary for their physical survival and had an exclusively material value. On the other hand the ground was a part of myth; it was a subject of philosophical (or would-be philosophical) reflections. Step by step, humanity learned to perceive ground from artistic and aesthetic perspectives: as a place that sometimes could be beautiful by itself and sometimes needed to be decorated by people. In the modernity, the ground is more often viewed not only as a surface or a place for artistic work but as an environment or even a material for the latter. Inhabitants tend to decorate not only its aboveground but also its underground surroundings. This tendency has resulted in introduction of the modern high-tech underground buildings and the phenomenon of ecological ground architecture formation. In field of the visual design, the new approach to ground as a material for artistic activity emerged. The article presents a hypothesis that historical traditions contributed to the modern land architecture to a lesser degree. In the past the ground architecture was often awkward, pragmatic, and artistically inconsistent. It was a result of some specific materials, technological and climate conditions which people faced. At the same time, in folklore and fiction literature the aboveground and underground environments, including houses, were often depicted as artistically attractive. Therefore, for modern artists, the popular verbal and visual images of underground buildings serve as a rich source for inspiration in their work on the real-life projects in the field of ground architecture. The names and design features of some projects attest this idea. For instance, the modular “Hobbit House” created by the Green Magic Homes company makes an appeal to the literary works by J. R. R. Tolkien. The links between the modern ground architecture, literary texts and artistic images demonstrate that in the modern world not only the real life influences art, but virtual imaginative worlds begin to form the space of the reality itself.

scholarly journals To Rebuild or to Refurbish? An Analysis of the Financial Convenience of Interventions on Urban Consolidated Contexts

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
M. Locurcio ◽  
F. Tajani ◽  
P. Morano ◽  
F. Di Liddo ◽  
D. Anelli
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Sector ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Historical Moment

In the current historical moment of post-crisis recovery, the real estate sector has a dual role: i) through the construction industry and its impacts on related economic sectors, it is called upon to be an active part of the economic recovery; ii) the enhancement of existing property assets is of primary importance in the containment of greenhouse gases and the achievement of the objectives set by the United Nations [1]. In this context, the various players involved in the real estate market have outlined the importance of being supported by assessment methodologies. That allows to point out not only the opportunities of the investment, but also the risks that may invalidate the initial forecasts, nullifying the success of the initiative. To this end, this research develops a multi-criteria Key Performance Indicator aimed at analyzing the feasibility of real estate initiatives that allows to provide a synthetic scoring on the financial sustainability of each investment and to compare different types of initiatives (e.g. new construction, demolition and reconstruction, renovation, etc.).

A Critique of Habit

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Alexander Regier
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
The Real ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Affective Dimensions ◽  
The Way

This chapter shows how Blake and Hamann connect their exorbitant critique of conventional thinking and its deadening force with their sharp analysis of institutional religion, matrimony, and pedagogy. As deeply spiritual writers, they are particularly appalled with their historical moment and the position institutional religion has assumed as a form of organization and disciplining that perverts creativity and freedom. Remarkably, one of their common examples for such a negative development is the sacrament of marriage, which they see stripped of all its original meaning. Similarly, they produce an account which makes clear how pedagogy in the eighteenth century (and beyond) is being used to close off the real and affective dimensions of spirituality, ensuring conventional thinking. The way in which these thinkers translate such insights into their own lives forms the central discussion of this chapter, giving the reader a good sense of their biographical circumstances and their exorbitant arguments.

scholarly journals General Tendencies in Semiotic Research

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1 (3)) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Diana Hambardzumyan
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Real ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Linguistic Fact

Modern linguistics knows a great number of semiotic researches which focus on a literary text both as a subject matter of literary semiotic and linguosemiotic study. While literary semiotics deals with controversial issues of the style of literary works, linguistic semiotics investigates literary texts paying special attention to the significance of the language unit which reflects the real phenomena, relations and actions turning into a linguistic fact as soon as strong and historically, culturally correlated ties appear in between the linguistic unit as a sign and its referent.

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI RADIKALISME DAN DERADIKALISME AGAMA DALAM SASTRA PESANTREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Hat Pujiati
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
State System ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Ideological Position ◽  
Constructionist Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Site ◽  
Historical Moment

Radicalism is not only a challange to a nation-state system but also a threat to the diverse and tolerance of Indonesian. Even literary works are potential to be a site of meanings that fertilizes radicalism through narrations. Therefore, this article scrutinizes the ability of literary texts to support or to counter radicalism in Indonesia. The chosen Sastra Pesantren (Pesantren literature) in this research are Menggapai Kosong by Izzul Muttaqin and Rebbe by Laila Haqy. The focus of this research is ideological position of the author in presenting religious-humanist discourse as a formula of antiradicalism. The analysis is done through a mapping of religious-humanist discourse in the literary texts with considering historical moment and place of the production. Stuart Hall’s representation theory is used in this article. Through constructionist approach this research analyzes the ability of language system in contructing concepts in our minds or to make the material world is meaningfull. The result of this analysis shows that the two pesantren literary works has represented deradicalism as efforts to against religious radicalism. The policies of the government in fighting radicalism have important roles in constructing the divinity and culture of society as recorded by the Pesantren literature.

scholarly journals Las preferencias de interacción social en las Escuelas Sociodeportivas de Baloncesto de la Fundación Real Madrid (The preferences of social interaction in the Basketball Socio-sport Schools of the Real Madrid Foundation)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Gema Ortega Vila ◽  
José Robles Rodríguez ◽  
Manuel Tomás Abad Robles ◽  
Luis Javier Durán González ◽  
Jorge Franco Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Learning Preference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dimensions Of Learning ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las preferencias de interacción social de los chicos y chicas de la de las Escuelas Sociodeportivas de Baloncesto de la Fundación Real Madrid. La muestra estaba formada por 413 jugadores, 68% (n=281) chicos y 32% (n=132) chicas. La distribución por categorías fue, el 31,2% pertenecían a la categoría Benjamín (n=129), el 36,1% a la categoría alevín (n=149), el 25,2% a la categoría infantil (n=104) y, el 7,5% a la categoría cadete (n=31). El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala Graupera/Ruiz de Preferencias de Interacción Social (GR-SIPPEL), que explora cuatro dimensiones de preferencia de aprendizaje: Cooperación, competencia, afiliación e individualismo. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas (U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis), se calculó el tamaño del efecto y, para determinar si existían asociaciones entre las distintas dimensiones se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Los resultados mostraron que el Proyecto Deportivo-Educativo de la Fundación Real Madrid contribuye a que no existan diferencias acentuadas en función del sexo. Además, los chicos y chicas presentaban una mayor inclinación hacia las actitudes cooperativas frente a las competitivas. Por otro lado, se detectaron diferencias entre las categorías de minibasket (benjamín y alevín) y las categorías de baloncesto (infantil y cadete).Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the social interaction preferences of boys and girls at the Real Madrid Foundation's Socio-Sports Basketball Schools. The sample consisted of 413 players, 68% (n=281) boys and 32% (n=132) girls. The distribution by category was 31. 2% in the Benjamin category (n=129), 36. 1% in the alevin category (n=149), 25. 2% in the infants’ category (n=104) and 7. 5% in the youths’ category (n=31). The instrument used was the Graupera/Ruiz Scale of Social Interaction Preferences (GR-SIPPEL), which explores four dimensions of learning preference: Cooperation, competence, affiliation and individualism. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis) were used for statistical analysis, the size of the effect was calculated, and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine if there were associations between the different dimensions. The results showed that the Real Madrid Foundation's Sports-Educational Project contributes to the fact that there are no marked differences according to gender. In addition, boys and girls were more inclined towards cooperative attitudes than competitive ones. On the other hand, differences were detected between the categories of minibasket and the categories of basketball.

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