Study of Antimicrobial Resistance Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Sample and Waste-water of Basra Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-448
Author(s):  
NADA J. DAWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Sample

Microbiological quality of residues from drinking water preparation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Würzer ◽  
A. Wiedenmann ◽  
K. Botzenhart
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Detection Limits

In Germany the application of procedures such as flocculation and filtration in the preparation of drinking water results in the annual production of an estimated 500,000 t of sediments and sludges. Some of these residues have a potential for being reused, for example in agriculture, forestry, brickworks or waste water treatment. To assess the microbiological quality of residues from waterworks methods for the detection of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella, poliovirus, Ascaris suis eggs and Cryptosporidium have been evaluated regarding their detection limits and were applied to various residues from German waterworks. Results show that sediments and sludges may contain pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protista. When residues from waterworks are intended to be reused in agriculture or forestry the microbiological quality should therefore be considered.

scholarly journals A glimpse of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity in kefir and yoghurt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienn Gréta Tóth ◽  
István Csabai ◽  
Gergely Maróti ◽  
Ákos Jerzsele ◽  
Attila Dubecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat gaining more and more practical significance every year. The main determinants of AMR are the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Since bacteria can share genetic components via horizontal gene transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria may provide ARG to any pathogens which they become physically close to (e.g. in the human gut). In addition, fermented food naturally contains bacteria in high amounts. In this study, we examined the diversity of ARG content in various kefir and yoghurt samples (products, grains, bacterial strains) using a unified metagenomic approach. We found numerous ARGs of commonly used fermenting bacteria. Even with the strictest filter restrictions, we identified ARGs undermining the efficacy of aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycins, diaminopyrimidines, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, monobactams, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, penams, penems, peptides, phenicols, rifamycins, tetracyclines and triclosan. In the case of gene lmrD, we detected genetic environment providing mobility of this ARG. Our findings support the theory that during the fermentation process, the ARG content of foods can grow due to bacterial multiplication. The results presented suggest that the starting culture strains of fermented foods should be monitored and selected in order to decrease the intake of ARGs via foods.

scholarly journals The characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in children from 2013 to 2018 in a chinese tertiary hospital

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Qin Jia ◽  
Feng Pang ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to performe a retrospective analysis of prevalence and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections in children in a tertiary hospital. Methods The non-repeat clinical isolates of CRE in children were collected in Liaocheng People's Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2018. The bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility was performed according to the standard methods. The isolated strains will be detected carbapenemases genotypes and homology analysis. All data on the culture-positive strains and associated clinical infection from different pediatric wards were reviewed. Results A total of 20 CRE strains isolated from pediatric patients, which derived from different infection sites and present a classification of multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae. And the production of IMP-type carbapenemase in these strains is the main reason of antimicrobial resistance. Most of the infected patients have severe comorbidities and invasive procedures, and use insensitive drugs due to the high resistance rates and medication restrictions. Nevertheless, most infected children have been treated despite the resistance of pathogens to multiple antimicrobial agents. In our follow-up survey, most children received adjuvant therapy such as human intravenous immunoglobulin, which may be an important factor in helping patients defeat pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions This study demonstrates a high prevalence of IMP-mediated CRE infection in pediatric patients with severe comorbidities and invasive procedures. Most children have been cured, which may be related to application of adjuvant therapy and weaker pathogenicity of the IMP-type Enterobacteriaceae.

Evaluation of enteromicroflora of common crane (Grus grus) as a potential reservoir of bacterial antimicrobial resistance

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľudmila Hamarová ◽  
Matej Repel ◽  
Peter Javorský ◽  
Peter Pristaš
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Grus Grus ◽  
Common Crane ◽  
The Common

AbstractMigratory birds could be important vectors of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance transmissions over long distances. The common crane (

Comparing antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild-caught South Carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported shrimps

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Boinapally ◽  
Xiuping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Plate Counts

The objective of this study was to assess and differentiate wild-caught South Carolina (SC) shrimps from imported shrimps on the basis of microbiological analysis. Seven wild-caught SC shrimp and 13 farm-raised imported shrimp samples were analyzed. Total plate counts from wild-caught shrimp samples ranged from 4.3 to 7.0 log10 CFU/g, whereas counts from imported shrimp samples ranged from 3.2 to 5.7 log10 CFU/g. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between total bacterial counts of wild-caught SC shrimp and farm-raised imported shrimp. However, the percentages of bacteria with reduced susceptibility towards ceftriaxone and tetracycline were higher (P < 0.05) for farm-raised shrimp than for wild-caught samples. Salmonella spp. detected only in one farm-raised sample was resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim. Vibrio vulnificus was detected in both wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp samples; however, only the isolate from farm-raised shrimp was resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. Escherichia coli detected in one wild-caught sample was resistant to ampicillin. Both Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. were absent with wild-caught SC samples. Therefore, the presence of more ceftriaxone- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and the observed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of isolates from the imported shrimp may reflect the possible use of antibiotics in raising shrimp in those countries.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Tentative Epidemiological Cutoff Values for FiveBacillusSpecies Relevant for Use as Animal Feed Additives or for Plant Protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Agersø ◽  
Birgitte Stuer-Lauridsen ◽  
Karin Bjerre ◽  
Michelle Geervliet Jensen ◽  
Eric Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTBacillus megaterium(n= 29),Bacillus velezensis(n= 26),Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(n= 6),Bacillus paralicheniformis(n= 28), andBacillus licheniformis(n= 35) strains from different sources, origins, and time periods were tested for the MICs for nine antimicrobial agents by the CLSI-recommended method (Mueller-Hinton broth, 35°C, for 18 to 20 h), as well as with a modified CLSI method (Iso-Sensitest [IST] broth, 37°C [35°C forB. megaterium], 24 h). This allows a proposal of species-specific epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) for the interpretation of antimicrobial resistance in these species. MICs determined by the modified CLSI method were 2- to 16-fold higher than with the CLSI-recommended method for several antimicrobials. The MIC distributions differed between species for five of the nine antimicrobials. Consequently, use of the modified CLSI method and interpretation of resistance by use of species-specific ECOFFs is recommended. The genome sequences of all strains were determined and used for screening for resistance genes against the ResFinder database and for multilocus sequence typing. A putative chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was found in oneB. megateriumstrain with an elevated chloramphenicol MIC compared to the otherB. megateriumstrains. InB. velezensisandB. amyloliquefaciens, a putative tetracycline efflux gene,tet(L), was found in all strains (n= 27) with reduced tetracycline susceptibility but was absent in susceptible strains. AllB. paralicheniformisand 23% ofB. licheniformisstrains had elevated MICs for erythromycin and harboredermD. The presence of these resistance genes follows taxonomy suggesting they may be intrinsic rather than horizontally acquired. Reduced susceptibility to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and clindamycin could not be explained in all species.IMPORTANCEWhen commercializing bacterial strains, likeBacillusspp., for feed applications or plant bioprotection, it is required that the strains are free of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes that could potentially spread to pathogenic bacteria, thereby adding to the pool of resistance genes that may cause treatment failures in humans or animals. Conversely, if antimicrobial resistance is intrinsic to a bacterial species, the risk of spreading horizontally to other bacteria is considered very low. Reliable susceptibility test methods and interpretation criteria at the species level are needed to accurately assess antimicrobial resistance levels. In the present study, tentative ECOFFs for fiveBacillusspecies were determined, and the results showed that the variation in MICs followed the respective species. Moreover, putative resistance genes, which were detected by whole-genome sequencing and suggested to be intrinsic rather that acquired, could explain the resistance phenotypes in most cases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of three common molecularly identified pathogenic bacteria to Allium aqueous extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 104028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor D. Arzate Serrano ◽  
María A. Mariezcurrena-Berasain ◽  
Adriana Del Carmen Gutiérrez Castillo ◽  
Benjamín Valladares Carranza ◽  
Alberto Barbabosa Pliego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates from Raw Chicken Meat Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Neha Gautam ◽  
Rojan Poudel ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Milan Kumar Upreti
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Meat Samples

Objectives: This research aims to study the microbial quality of chicken meat available in retail shop of Kathmandu Valley. Methods:  This Study was conducted from June to December 2018 in three different districts of Kathmandu Valley. Samples were collected in sterile plastic bags, labeled properly and stored in an icebox and transported to the Food Microbiology laboratory of Golden Gate International College.  During sample preparation, 25 grams of each sample was taken and transferred to sterile flasks containing 225 ml of buffered peptone water. Potential pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria were isolated by using respective selective media and identified by biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI 2017 guideline. Results: Of total 81 chicken meat samples processed; 201 Gram negative bacteria were isolated.  E. coli (100%) was the dominant Gram-negative isolates, followed by Citrobacter spp (62.96%), Pseudomonas spp (40.74%), Proteus spp (19.75%), Salmonella spp (16.04%) and Klebsiella spp (8.64%) respectively. No any multidrug isolates were detected. Conclusion: The study showed that the raw chicken meat samples of Kathmandu valley was highly contaminated with Gram negative potential pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance pattern shown by the isolates may indicates that there is not overuse of drug in animals and the less chance of risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance.

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