scholarly journals Challenges in Nuclear Posture and Deterrence from Pakistan’s Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ballistic Missile ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Stability ◽  
Limited War ◽  
Ballistic Missiles

India and Pakistan are engaged in a nuclear arms competition with new technologies and systems that have a direct bearing on their respective doctrines and nuclear postures. The statements by senior Indian leadership over the past few years throw into question the viability of India’s no-first-use posture and have placed further stress on the deterrence relationship between these two regional adversaries. India’s efforts to explore space for a limited war in a nuclearised environment have encouraged Pakistan to introduce remedial measures in the form of short-range ballistic missiles. These are part of its full spectrum deterrence, which aims to deter an entire spectrum of conventional and nuclear threats. India’s work to operationalise its second-strike capability, acquisition of ballistic missile defences and development of hypersonic weapons could undermine regional strategic stability. These efforts require countermeasures on the part of Pakistan to ensure deterrence stability between the two nuclear armed neighbours.

The Twentysomething Soul

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Clydesdale ◽  
Kathleen Garces-Foley
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Past Half ◽  
The Way

Few realize how much Americans’ journey through their twenties has changed during the past half-century or understand how incorrect popular assumptions about young adults’ religious, spiritual, and secular lives are. Today’s twentysomethings have been labelled the “lost generation”—for their presumed inability to identify and lead fulfilling lives, “kidults”—for their alleged refusal to “grow up” and accept adult responsibilities, and the “least religious generation”—for their purported disinterest in religion and spirituality. These characterizations are not only unflattering, they are deeply flawed. The Twentysomething Soul tells an optimistic story about American twentysomethings. Drawing on hundreds of interviews and a survey of thousands across America, it introduces readers to the full spectrum of American young adults, many of whom live purposefully, responsibly, and reflectively. Some prioritize faith and spirituality. Others reject their childhood religion to explore alternatives and practice a personal spirituality. Still others sideline religion and spirituality until their lives get settled or reject organized religion completely. There is change occurring in the religious and spiritual lives of young adults, but little of it is among the 1 in 4 American twentysomethings who have consistently prioritized religious commitment during the past half-century. The change is rather among the now 3 in 10 young adults who, though intentionally unaffiliated with religion, affirm a variety of religious, spiritual, and secular beliefs. The Twentysomething Soul will change the way readers view contemporary young adults, giving an accurate—and refreshing—understanding of their religious, spiritual, and secular lives.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Primary Membranous Nephropathy

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Yan Gu ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Damu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
Kidney Glomerulus ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
One Step ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Antibody Levels

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease of the kidney glomerulus and one of the leading causes of nephrotic syndrome. The disease exhibits heterogenous outcomes with approximately 30% of cases progressing to end-stage renal disease. The clinical management of MN has steadily advanced owing to the identification of autoantibodies to the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in 2009 and thrombospondin domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) in 2014 on the podocyte surface. Approximately 50–80% and 3–5% of primary MN (PMN) cases are associated with either anti-PLA2R or anti-THSD7A antibodies, respectively. The presence of these autoantibodies is used for MN diagnosis; antibody levels correlate with disease severity and possess significant biomarker values in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Importantly, both autoantibodies are causative to MN. Additionally, evidence is emerging that NELL-1 is associated with 5–10% of PMN cases that are PLA2R- and THSD7A-negative, which moves us one step closer to mapping out the full spectrum of PMN antigens. Recent developments suggest exostosin 1 (EXT1), EXT2, NELL-1, and contactin 1 (CNTN1) are associated with MN. Genetic factors and other mechanisms are in place to regulate these factors and may contribute to MN pathogenesis. This review will discuss recent developments over the past 5 years.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Advances in Oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Jinsha Liu ◽  
Priyanka Pandya ◽  
Sepideh Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bispecific Antibodies ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Novel Targets

Around 77 new oncology drugs were approved by the FDA in the past five years; however, most cancers remain untreated. Small molecules and antibodies are dominant therapeutic modalities in oncology. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, peptides, cell, and gene-therapies are emerging to address the unmet patient need. Advancement in the discovery and development platforms, identification of novel targets, and emergence of new technologies have greatly expanded the treatment options for patients. Here, we provide an overview of various therapeutic modalities and the current treatment options in oncology, and an in-depth discussion of the therapeutics in the preclinical stage for the treatment of breast cancer, lung cancer, and multiple myeloma.

The Future of the Planetary Trust in a Kaleidoscopic World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edith Brown Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Shared Goal

Today, it is evident that we are part of a planetary trust. Conserving our planet represents a public good, global as well as local. The threats to future generations resulting from human activities make applying the normative framework of a planetary trust even more urgent than in the past decades. Initially, the planetary trust focused primarily on threats to the natural system of our human environment such as pollution and natural resource degradation, and on threats to cultural heritage. Now, we face a higher threat of nuclear war, cyber wars, and threats from gene drivers that can cause inheritable changes to genes, potential threats from other new technologies such as artificial intelligence, and possible pandemics. In this context, it is proposed that in the kaleidoscopic world, we must engage all the actors to cooperate with the shared goal of caring for and maintaining planet Earth in trust for present and future generations.

scholarly journals From scenario-based seismic hazard to scenario-based landslide hazard: rewinding to the past via statistical simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luguang Luo ◽  
Luigi Lombardo ◽  
Cees van Westen ◽  
Xiangjun Pei ◽  
Runqiu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Jiuzhaigou Earthquake ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Invariant

AbstractThe vast majority of statistically-based landslide susceptibility studies assumes the slope instability process to be time-invariant under the definition that “the past and present are keys to the future”. This assumption may generally be valid. However, the trigger, be it a rainfall or an earthquake event, clearly varies over time. And yet, the temporal component of the trigger is rarely included in landslide susceptibility studies and only confined to hazard assessment. In this work, we investigate a population of landslides triggered in response to the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake ($$M_w = 6.5$$ M w = 6.5 ) including the associated ground motion in the analyses, these being carried out at the Slope Unit (SU) level. We do this by implementing a Bayesian version of a Generalized Additive Model and assuming that the slope instability across the SUs in the study area behaves according to a Bernoulli probability distribution. This procedure would generally produce a susceptibility map reflecting the spatial pattern of the specific trigger and therefore of limited use for land use planning. However, we implement this first analytical step to reliably estimate the ground motion effect, and its distribution, on unstable SUs. We then assume the effect of the ground motion to be time-invariant, enabling statistical simulations for any ground motion scenario that occurred in the area from 1933 to 2017. As a result, we obtain the full spectrum of potential coseismic susceptibility patterns over the last century and compress this information into a hazard model/map representative of all the possible ground motion patterns since 1933. This backward statistical simulations can also be further exploited in the opposite direction where, by accounting for scenario-based ground motion, one can also use it in a forward direction to estimate future unstable slopes.

Experiences of Knowledge Transfer on Industrial Heritage Using Games, Storytelling, and New Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Andrés López ◽  
David Checa Cruz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Value

The industry has a relevant spatial and socioeconomic importance in most of the Spanish cities and nowadays is one of the main urban economic activities. However, in many situations, and despite recent advances in the past two decades, industrial heritage is a value that is still not sufficiently widespread in society. The factories, their activity, and their historical evolution are often disconnected and isolated from the daily life of the cities, being quite an unknown aspect for most of the citizens. This contribution presents the result of various experiences of knowledge transmission on the heritage value of industry, through the use of games and storytelling technique as an educational tool and the combination of different technologies (3D modelling, videomapping, virtual reality) as useful tools to spread the explanation of this phenomenon.

New technologies and new policies: the ICRC's evolving approach to working with separated families

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (888) ◽  
pp. 1455-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Dubois ◽  
Katharine Marshall ◽  
Siobhan Sparkes McNamara
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Humanitarian Work ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe field of humanitarian action is far from static, and the ICRC has worked over the years to evolve and respond to changing needs and changing circumstances. The past several decades have seen a proliferation of humanitarian actors, protracted, complex conflicts, and the rapid rise of new technologies that have significantly impacted how humanitarian work is done. The ICRC has been continually challenged to adapt in this changing environment, and its core work of supporting separated families – through restoration of family links and through support to the families of the missing – provides insight into ways that it has met this challenge and areas in which it may still seek to improve.

scholarly journals A Metabolomic Approach to Beer Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Nicola Cavallini ◽  
Francesco Savorani ◽  
Rasmus Bro ◽  
Marina Cocchi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Beer Consumption ◽  
Metabolomic Approach ◽  
Chemometric Tools

The consumers’ interest towards beer consumption has been on the rise during the past decade: new approaches and ingredients get tested, expanding the traditional recipe for brewing beer. As a consequence, the field of “beeromics” has also been constantly growing, as well as the demand for quick and exhaustive analytical methods. In this study, we propose a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to characterize beer. 1H-NMR spectra were collected and then analyzed using chemometric tools. An interval-based approach was applied to extract chemical features from the spectra to build a dataset of resolved relative concentrations. One aim of this work was to compare the results obtained using the full spectrum and the resolved approach: with a reasonable amount of time needed to obtain the resolved dataset, we show that the resolved information is comparable with the full spectrum information, but interpretability is greatly improved.

BIG DATA PROCESSING IN THE DIGITALIZATION OF ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
G.T. Balakayeva ◽  
◽  
D.K. Darkenbayev ◽  
M. Turdaliyev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Past

The growth rate of these enterprises has increased significantly in the last decade. Research has shown that over the past two decades, the amount of data has increased approximately tenfold every two years - this exceeded Moore's Law, which doubles the power of processors. About thirty thousand gigabytes of data are accumulated every second, and their processing requires an increase in the efficiency of data processing. Uploading videos, photos and letters from users on social networks leads to the accumulation of a large amount of data, including unstructured ones. This leads to the need for enterprises to work with big data of different formats, which must be prepared in a certain way for further work in order to obtain the results of modeling and calculations. In connection with the above, the research carried out in the article on processing and storing large data of an enterprise, developing a model and algorithms, as well as using new technologies is relevant. Undoubtedly, every year the information flows of enterprises will increase and in this regard, it is important to solve the issues of storing and processing large amounts of data. The relevance of the article is due to the growing digitalization, the increasing transition to professional activities online in many areas of modern society. The article provides a detailed analysis and research of these new technologies.

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