scholarly journals Seasonal variation of spider species composition in Volgograd agglomeration

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
A. S. Hnykin ◽  
E. A. Ivantsova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Summer Diapause ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Spider Community ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Maximum Similarity

The article addresses changes in the species composition of spiders during the warm season. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the spider community were analyzed during the most important periods of their activity in the main biotopes of the Volgograd agglomeration. The Cluster Analysis application, based on the Jaccard index, was used. The material was collected using 10 mm Barber soil traps with a fixing liquid (6% acetic acid solution). In total, 235 species of spiders belonging to 26 families were identified, including 195 species belonging to 23 families on the territory of Volgograd. Notably, 155 species were new to the fauna of the Volgograd region. Species Trichoncus villius Tanasevitch et Piterkina was found in the Russian Federation for the first time. The species composition was analyzed during critical periods of spider life: the end of winter diapause, the time before the summer diapause, the termination of summer diapause, and the period of before winter the diapause. In each case a set of traps were exposed for seven days. The spring period was characterized by the maximum number of species, and the maximum similarity in species composition was observed between the moment when spiders leave the winter diapause and the period before the summer diapause. During the warm season, the species composition changed almost completely twice: before the end of the summer diapause and at the end of the warm season, approaching the spring values. These changes were significantly less relevant to near-water biotopes, where environmental conditions were more stable compared to the other studied biotopes.

scholarly journals First record ofPhormia regina(Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from mummies at the Sant’Antonio Abate Cathedral of Castelsardo, Sardinia, Italy

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Giordani ◽  
Fabiola Tuccia ◽  
Ignazio Floris ◽  
Stefano Vanin
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
First Record ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Decomposition ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Biodiversity Changes

The studies of insects from archaeological contexts can provide an important supplement of information to reconstruct past events, climate and environments. Furthermore, the list of the species present in an area in the past allows the reconstruction of the entomofauna on that area at that time, that can be different from the nowadays condition, providing information about biodiversity changes. In this work, the results of a funerary archaeoentomological study on samples collected from mummified corpses discovered during the restoration of the crypt of the Sant’Antonio Abate Cathedral of Castelsardo (Sardinia, Italy) are reported. The majority of the sampled specimens were Diptera puparia, whereas only few Lepidoptera cocoons and some Coleoptera fragments were isolated. Among Diptera, Calliphoridae puparia were identified asPhormia regina(Meigen, 1826) andCalliphora vicina, (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) both species typical of the first colonization waves of exposed bodies. Three puparia fragments were also identified as belonging to aSarcophagaMeigen, 1826, species (Sarcophagidae). Several Muscidae puparia of the speciesHydrotaea capensis(Weidmermann, 1818), a late colonizer of bodies, and typical of buried bodies were also collected. The few moth (Lepidoptera) cocoons were identified as belonging to the family Tineidae. This family comprises species feeding on dry tissues and hair typical of the later phases of the human decomposition. Among Coleoptera a single specimen in the family Histeridae,Saprinus semistriatus(Scriba, 1790) and a single elytra, potentially of a species in the family Tenebrionidae, were also collected. Overall, the samples collected indicated an initial colonization of the bodies in an exposed context, mainly in a warm season. This research allows the finding of elements indicating the presence, at least in the past, ofP. reginain Sardinia. This species at the moment seems extinct from Sardinia while it is quite common in the continent.

Production characteristics of the mixed prairie: constraints and potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Mixed Prairie

The mixed prairie represents the most arid region of the Northern Great Plains in Canada. Approximately 6.5 M ha of the original total of 24 M ha have retained their native character. The native prairie supports about 5.3 M animal–unit–months or about 15% of all beef cattle present on the Canadian prairies. A large portion of the area is dominated by either needle-and-thread (Stipa comata Trin. + Rupr.) or western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.), both cool season grasses, and associated with blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.] a warm season grass. These species define the major plant communities of the mixed prairie and determine their production potential. However, their production is limited by available water during the growing season and by soil nutrients; factors which also influence their species composition. Grazing imposes a significant impact on the grasslands by altering the water and nutrient cycles, through defoliation and reduced plant litter, and eventually by affecting the species composition. Removing litter may reduce forage production by up to 60% and repeated defoliation will favour the more drought tolerant but less productive species. Forage production may be increased by seeding introduced species, which have a greater shoot to root ratio than native grasses, or with fertilizer application. Livestock production may be increased with the use of grazing systems. However, the benefits of each practice on the mixed prairie must be assessed in terms of their cost, their impact on the environment, and the reduced or lost value for other users. Key words: Biomass, above-ground, below-ground, water-use efficiency, reseeding, soil fertility, grazing efficiency

scholarly journals Vivências e autonomia de enfermeiras de uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento em tempo de pandemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1.ESP) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Silveira Bordignon ◽  
Caroline Porcelis Vargas ◽  
Soraia Dornelles Schoeller ◽  
Evangelia Kotzias Atherino Santos
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Nursing Assistants ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Moment

Objetivo: descrever a experiência de enfrentamento e mudança às demandas de enfermeiras atuantes em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento 24 horas que se consolidou como unidade de referência para triagem de pacientes acometidos pela CoViD-19. Método: estudo descritivo, na modalidade relato de experiência, sobre a vivência de enfermeiras assistenciais atuantes em uma UPA 24h. Resultados: as enfermeiras desse relato assumiram na UPA um papel de liderança na equipe, a fim de gerenciar continuamente tanto os aspectos técnicos,quanto a gestão de suprimentos, tendo um plano de emergência para garantir o preparo e a segurança da força de trabalho da Enfermagem. Para tanto, foi necessário a essas profissionais se empoderar do conhecimento, de modo que fosse possível realizar treinamentos e capacitações com suas próprias equipes. Conclusão: a experiência relatada mostra que, mesmo em períodos críticos para o sistema de saúde como o determinado pela pandemia da CoViD-19, é possível realizar mudanças e adaptações necessárias ao momento. Além disso, a crise demonstra que as enfermeiras são mais do que trabalhadores da linha de frente, mas também são aqueles que tomam a frente para que as mudanças efetivamente aconteçam.Descritores: Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros; Emergências; Serviços de Saúde; Coronavirus.EXPERIENCES AND AUTONOMY OF NURSES IN AN EMERGENCY CARE UNIT IN PANDEMIC TIMEObjective: to describe the experience of coping and changing the demands of nurses working in a Emergency Care Unit that has consolidated itself as a reference unit for screening patients affected by COVID-19. Method: a descriptive study, in the experience report modality, about the experience of nursing assistants working in a Emergency Care Unit. Results: the nurses in this report assumed a leadership role in the team at the Emergency Care Unit, in order to continuously manage both technical aspects and supply management, with an emergency plan to ensure the preparation and safety of the nursing workforce. Therefore, it was necessary for these professionals to empower themselves with knowledge, so that it was possible to conduct training and qualifications with their own teams. Conclusion: the reported experience shows that, even in critical periods for the health system as determined by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to make changes and adaptations necessary to the moment. In addition, the crisis demonstrates that nurses are more than frontline workers, but they are also the ones who take the lead to make the changes happen.Descriptors: Nurses; Emergencies; Health Services; Coronavirus. EXPERIENCIAS Y AUTONOMÍA DE ENFERMERÍA EN UNA UNIDAD DE ATENCIÓN DE EMERGENCIA EN TIEMPO PANDÉMICOObjetivo: describir la experiencia de enfrentar y cambiar las demandas de las enfermeras que trabajan en una Unidad de Atención de Emergencia que se ha consolidado como una unidad de referencia para la detección de pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Método: un estudio descriptivo, en forma de informe de experiencia, sobre la experiencia de los auxiliares de enfermería que trabajan en una Unidad de Atención de Emergencia. Resultados: las enfermeras en este informe asumieron un papel de liderazgo en el equipo de la Unidad de Atención de Emergencia, con el fin de gestionar continuamente tanto los aspectos técnicos como la gestión de suministros, con un plan de emergencia para garantizar la preparación y la seguridad de la fuerza laboral de enfermería. Por lo tanto, era necesario que estos profesionales se empoderaran con el conocimiento, de modo que fuera posible realizar capacitaciones y calificaciones con sus propios equipos. Conclusión: la experiencia informada muestra que, incluso en períodos críticos para el sistema de salud según lo determinado por la pandemia da COVID-19, es posible realizar los cambios y adaptaciones necesarios en este momento. Además, la crisis muestra que las enfermeras son más que trabajadores de primera línea, pero también son quienes toman la iniciativa para que los cambios sucedan.Descriptores: Enfermeras y Enfermeros; Urgencias Médicas; Servicios de Salud; Coronavirus.

scholarly journals TRICHOCEPHALOSIS OF SHEEP IN THE ROSTOV, VOLGOGRAD, ASTRAKHAN REGIONS OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article is devoted to the actual problem of trichocephalosis of sheep today - a disease of domestic and wild ruminants, the causative agents of which are hematophagous helminths. Trichocephalosis of small cattle is registered in many countries of the world, including Russia. The question of the species composition of trichocephalosis pathogens continues to be debatable, since the death of sheep was noted only in some types of invasion pathogens: Trichuris ovis in Russia, T. ovis + T. skrjabini + T. globulosa – in the USA, T. ovis + T. skrabini + T. globulosa – in Romania. The insufficient knowledge of this invasion, especially in the regional aspect, prompted us to study this invasion in more detail in 3 regions of the country, which became the goal of our work.Objective: to study the infection, distribution and species composition of pathogens of trichocephalosis of sheep in the Rostov, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions of Russia. Studies were carried out at slaughter points and in the laboratory of the parasitic zoonosis of the Institute. The work was carried out in 2017-2018 using the helminthological method for studying the large intestine at an autopsy of 250 slaughter sheep under the age of 1 year and 25 sheep over 2 years old from the Rostov, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions. Trichocephalus was collected from each animal separately, counted and determined to the species, taking into account the species and age of the host. Nematodes were collected after thorough washing in a physiological solution with registration and, if necessary, conservation in a Barbagallo liquid. 250 lambs up to 1 year old and 25 sheep older than 2 years were examined at the dissection of the large intestine from three regions of the European part of Russia: Rostov, Volgograd and Astrakhan. As a result, it was found that two types of trichocephalus are the causative agents of invasion. In the Rostov region 77.2% of lambs was infected with Trichuris ovis with extensive invasion (EI), and with Trichuris skrjabini with EI = 39.6% of slaughter lambs, in the Volgograd region 55.6% of lambs was infected with EI with T. ovis and with T. skrjabini with EI = 21.6% of lamb, in the Astrakhan region 85.2% of slaughter lambs was infected with T. ovis with EI, and with T. skrjabini with EI = 36% of lambs. Sheep older than 2 years from the Rostov region were infected with T. ovis with EI = 36%, and with T. skrjabini with EI = 12%, in the Volgograd region 28% of slaughter sheep were infected with T. ovis with EI, and with T. skrjabini with EI = 16%, in the Astrakhan region 32% of sheep was infected with T. ovis with EI, and with T. skrjabini with EI = 8% of sheep.

scholarly journals Field Survey on the Status of Internal Parasites in Young Calves on Farms in Eastern Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
N. Band ◽  
M. Halán ◽  
A. Kočišová
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Moment

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the species composition of protozoan and helminth parasites of young calves on farms in eastern Slovakia. Faecal samples from calves were analysed using the floatation technique, McMaster Methods and stained slide method for Cryptosporidium spp. From 105 samples analysed, nine samples (8.6 %) were suspected to be positive for Cryptosporidium spp. The results gathered from this study displayed that 64.8 % of calves were infected with some species of parasite at the moment of sampling. The highest prevalence of infection was with Eimeria spp. with 56.2 % of calves infected being positive for this. OPG (oocysts per gram) values for Eimeria spp. observed in this study ranged from 100 to 75,200. The lowest prevalence was found to be from Giardia duodenalis and Trichostrongylidae family equally 0.95 %. All faecal samples had nematode egg counts below 50 EPG (eggs per gram).

Rangeland Vegetation Response Following Control of Brownspine Pricklypear (Opuntia phaecantha) with Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Price ◽  
Rodney K. Heitschmidt ◽  
Steven A. Dowhower ◽  
James R. Frasure
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Significant Difference

Brownspine pricklypear (Opuntia phaecantha Engelm. & Bigel.) was effectively controlled within 2 yr following application of a 1:1 mixture of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) at a rate of 0.6 kg ae/ha. Brownspine pricklypear canopy cover and dry weight declined from approximately 23% and 3800 kg/ha to 8% and 1600 kg/ha, respectively. No significant difference in total herbaceous forage dry weight was found between plants growing inside brownspine pricklypear canopy areas and plants growing outside the canopy areas. Differences between areas in species composition were significant in that cool-season grasses dominated the canopy area of the brownspine pricklypear colonies while warm-season grasses dominated the area outside the canopy. Control of brownspine pricklypear will enhance livestock carrying capacity of rangeland in the Rolling Plains of Texas by increasing forage availability but not forage production.

scholarly journals Giardiasis and post-infectious bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
A. A. Belova ◽  
M. D. Shestakova ◽  
A. I. Khavkin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Infectious

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome — one of the most frequent conditions diagnosed in pediatric gastroenterological practice. According to numerous research parisitosis contributes to the chronology of gastrointestinal tract pathology. it is known that the infection Lamblia intestinalis can increase the risk of developing post-infectious IBS, changing species composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, modulating metabolism of the host, the nature of the immune response and adversely affecting the mucosal barrier and the motility of the digestive tract. Importantly, the prevalence of giardiasis in patients with symptoms of IBS and dyspepsia at the moment, it remains at a high level. Further research into the pathogenesis of Lamblia intestinalis infection in patients with IBS will be of great importance in medicine.

General effects of management and grazing by domestic livestock on the rangelands of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales.

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDB Whalley ◽  
GG Robinson ◽  
JA Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Natural Pasture

Three major pasture types probably occurred on the Northern Tablelands prior to European settlement. The dominants were probably Poa sieberana Spreng. and Themeda australis (R.Br.1 Stapf. at the higher elevations, T. australis, P. Sieberana and Sorghum leiocladum (Hack.) C.E. Hubbard on fine textured soils at lower elevations and T. australis, Aristida ramosa (R.Br.) and Cymbopogon refractus (R.Br.1 A. Camus. on coarse textured soils. The subsidiary species composition of these pasture types is also suggested, derived from fragmentary early accounts, earlier published work and observations on the behaviour under grazing of the different species involved. The characteristics of the important native and naturalised grass species are described. These species are classified into warm season perennials, warm season annuals, cool season perennials and cool season annuals. The native warm season perennials is the largest group of species at present on the Tablelands. The effects of grazing on the species composition of natural pastures is described. The grazing behaviour of merino sheep leads to a striking zonation of herbaceous species resulting from uneven grazing intensity and distribution of dung and urine. Data from an unreplicated stocking rate by superphosphate application rate trial at Shannon Vale are presented. This trial indicated that the proportion of white clover in the pasture depended on both stocking rate and superphosphate rate and that the proportion of Danthonia spp. increased when white clover decreased. Wool production data are also presented which show that high levels of pro- ductivity per hectare can be obtained from topdressed natural pastures. A number of different natural pasture types occur on the Tablelands. A schemeis presented showing the interrelationship$ between the original and the present pasture types as affected by grazing intensity and the addition or depletion of plant nutrients.

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