scholarly journals Identifying Problems and Prospects of Media Professionals Working in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Case Study of Peshawar Based Journalists

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Saqib Riaz ◽  
Ghulam Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Professionals ◽  
Job Category

The study conducted to find out problems related to journalist’s career as well as to search out the media professionals view point regarding journalists’ problems in Peshawar. Data collected from the Peshawar press club journalists comprises 363 members. It is found that 86% of the respondents consider permanent job category is related to good performance while 89% of the respondents termed job insecurity do affect journalists’ professional performance. The chi-square results showed that proportion of male views is not significantly different from female regarding the job performance. Both of the genders believe that if the job will secure the performance would be fruitful. The results specified no significant association between status and job security because a significant proportion of married views is significantly different from unmarried regarding the job security. The Chi-square test for independence showed there is no significant association between status and administrative rules. Study concluded that media professionals are facing problems due to job security, administrative and financial problems.

scholarly journals Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Martina Zappaterra ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Leonardo Nanni Costa ◽  
Barbara Padalino
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Variable Space ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Poor Welfare ◽  
Group 1

This study aimed at documenting whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade and how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade and variable space allowance. A total of 421 animals kept in 76 pens (66 with shelter (Group 1), and 10 without shelter (Group 2)) at the camel market in Doha (Qatar) were recorded for 1 min around 11:00 a.m. when the temperature was above 40 °C. The number of animals in the sun and shade and their behaviors were analyzed using an ad libitum sampling method and an ad hoc ethogram. The results of a chi-square test indicated that camels in Group 1 had a clear preference for shade (p < 0.001). The majority of Group 1 camels were indeed observed in the shade (312/421; 74.11%). These camels spent more time in recumbency and ruminating, while standing, walking, and self-grooming were more commonly expressed by the camels in the sun (p < 0.001). Moreover, locomotory stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pacing) increased as space allowance decreased (p = 0.002). Based on the findings of this pilot study, camels demonstrated a preference for shade; shade seemed to promote positive welfare, while overcrowding seemed to trigger stereotypy and poor welfare. Overall, our preliminary results are novel and provide evidence that shaded areas are of paramount importance for camel welfare. Further research, involving designed studies at multiple locations is needed to confirm these results.

Correlation between Listening Anxiety and Listening Strategies of Chinese Postgraduate Students of Science and Engineering: A Case Study at SUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Listening Anxiety ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Listening Proficiency ◽  
Listening Strategies

<p>English listening is one of the five basic skills such as listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation that a Chinese postgraduate should acquire, and it is also the most significant one. In this study, 194 first-year postgraduate students at Shanghai University of Engineering Science were invited to report their strategies use and listening anxiety in the questionnaire with the 5-Likert Indirect Foreign Language Listening Strategies Scale and the 5-Likert Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale. The SPSS13.0 was used to analyze the descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA, which indicated a medium listening anxiety and a medium level of strategies use. Metacognitive strategies were more frequently used than social and affective strategies, the correlation between listening proficiency and listening anxiety was significantly negative, correlation between listening proficiency and indirect listening strategies was significantly positive, and that between indirect listening strategies and listening anxiety was significantly negative. Indirect listening strategies were useful to allay listening anxiety and would be incorporated into our normal classroom teaching.</p>

scholarly journals 319IN VITRO MATURATION OF EQUINE OOCYTES IN A COMPLETELY DEFINED MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTED WITH PROGESTERONE

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
B. Merlo ◽  
E. Iacono ◽  
F. Prati ◽  
G. Mari
Keyword(s):  
Polar Body ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

A completely defined medium for in vitro maturation (IVM) of equine oocytes has not yet been developed, since most of the media used for IVM are supplemented with serum or BSA. Furthermore, in this species there is no report about the influence of progesterone on maturation, although it has already been used as supplement (500ngmL−1) in EMMI (Maclellan LJ et al., 2001, Theriogenolgy 55, 310 abst). The aims of this study were to develop a completely defined medium for equine oocyte maturation and to investigate the effect of progesterone on nuclear maturation. Equine oocytes were collected by follicular scraping of abattoir-derived ovaries between April and June. The basal medium for maturation was SOFaa supplemented with pFSH-LH 0.1IUmL−1 (Pluset, Laboratorios Calier, Barcelona, Spain), EGF* 50ngmL−1, ITS (Insulin, Transferrin, Sodium selenite), L-cysteine 1.2mM, Maturation SOF (MSOF). Compact cumulus-oocyte complexes were selected, washed three times in H-SOF and matured in one of the following media (15–20 oocytesmL−1): (1) MSOF+FCS 10% (MSOF-FCS), (2) MSOF+progesterone 100ngmL−1 (MSOF-P4), (3) MSOF. After 24h of culture in 5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C, the oocytes were denuded by gently pipetting in a 0.25% trypsin solution, washed and stained with Hoechst 33258 (10μgmL−1 in PBS) for 30min at room temperature. Oocytes were examined under a fluorescent microscope to assess nuclear maturation. Only oocytes with an evident polar body and metaphase II plate (MII) were considered mature. The experiment was done in 6 replicates. Chi Square test was used for statistical analysis (Statistica for Windows – Stat Soft Inc., Tusla, OK, USA). Significance was assessed for P&lt;0.05. The results of this study show that MSOF can be considered a suitable completely defined medium for IVM of equine oocytes. Adding progesterone significantly (P&lt;0.05) increases the nuclear maturation rate at 24h of culture. It can be speculated that although cumuls cells produce this hormone, supplementation is useful to reach progesterone concentrations similar to those present in follicular fluid (early dominant 63.4±19.3ngmL−1, healthy preovulatory follicle 1094.3±170.9ngmL−1; Gerard N et al., 2002, Reproduction 124, 241–248). Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of progesterone on cytoplasmic maturation and to test the effect of different progesterone concentrations and time of maturation in a completely defined system.*All chemicals were purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, unless otherwise stated. Table 1 Maturation of equine oocytes in different media

scholarly journals Assessment of gadgets addiction and its impact on health among undergraduates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind K. Kumar ◽  
Mayur S. Sherkhane
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
High Level

Background: Technology has made our youth the most vulnerable group among today’s population, because of their accessibility and addiction to newer gadgets, which are cheap and easily available. Society has always been worrying about the term ‘Drug Addiction’ of our youth but ‘Gadget Addiction’ is a more critical area of concern in the present era and is a threat to the social infrastructure in the future. Addiction is an irrepressible urge which is accompanied by loss of control leading to lower emotional intelligence indirectly deteriorating the academic and professional performance as well as hampering their family life leading to life threatening problems in future.Methods: Cross sectional study was done among 200 undergraduates using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Gadget dependency was analysed using 5-point Likert-scale. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was used for analysing the data collected.Results: 71% belonged to 21-24 years age group. 73.5% were males and 43.5% belonged to class I socio-economic status and 70% had normal BMI. 72.5% of subjects had first gadget at 16-20 years and 90.5% were using smart-phones as a common gadget, of them, 50.2% were using for more than 7 hours a day. 61% had difficulty in day to day work performance. Females were more prone compared to males (p=0.008).Conclusions: High level of dependency was present with gadget addiction. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. 

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) Infection and Nutritional Status in Students of State Elementary School Number (SDN) 200 Palembang Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
Saraswati Annisa ◽  
Dalilah Dalilah ◽  
Novrikasari Novrikasari
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Media

Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) is caused by intestinal nematodes where as in its life cycle, soil is needed as the media for the eggs or larvae to mature into effective forms, most commonly happen to children of school age. This infection is still one of the main problems in public health, including Indonesia. STH infection are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Lack of personal hygiene, poor environmental sanitation and low socioeconomic status are some factors that plays role in increasing the occurrence of the infection. This infection is also one of the causes responsible for malnutrition in children by decreasing appetite and food intake thus ensued adverse consequences such as declining growth pace, impairment of physical health, and weakening cognitive function. This study was conducted to analyze the association of STH infection with nutritional status of SDN 200 students in  Kertapati District, Palembang. This study was an analytic observational research with a cross sectional research design. Samples consist of 107 students chosen using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by direct interview using questionnaires, measuring body weight and height to obtain nutritional status which then classified using CDC 2000 growth curve while fecal contamination was examined using Kato Katz and modified Harada Mori methode in the Laboratory of Parasitology Medical Faculty of Universitas Sriwijaya. Data then analyzed using Chi-square test. From 107 students, 27.1% infection of STH was found on 29 students with 6 students (20.7%) infected by A. lumbricoides and 23 students (79.3%) infected by T. trichiura. Proportion of malnutrition status was found at 43.9%. Statistical test showed a significant association between STH infection and nutritional status (p=0.036; OR=3.167; Cl 95%: 1.163-15.237). There was a significant association between STH infection and nutritional status in students of SDN 200 Kelurahan Kemas Rindo Kertapati District Palembang City.

scholarly journals The Statistical Analysis of Factors Explaining the Intention of Public for Blood Donation in Jamshoro, Sindh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Nazia Parveen Gill ◽  
Fozia Parveen Panhwar ◽  
Sunbul Naeem Cheema ◽  
Raja Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Media

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine different factors explaining the intention of public in context of blood donation in the district of Jamshoro, Sindh. Methodology: The data were collected of 400 samples from four different tehsils of Jamshoro. The data was collected through well-structured questionnaire. The survey was conducted in 2019 and cluster sampling technique was used. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was examined, and Chi-Square test was applied for final analysis. Findings: The public's willingness to donate blood is limited, according to this study (χ2 (1) = 0.88, p=0.39). The media does not perform any significant role in awareness generating and educating the general public about the importance of donating blood (χ2 (1) = 24.35, p=0.001). Women make up a small percentage of blood donors in society (χ2 (1) = 0.05, p=0.82). This research also compares blood donors and non-donors based on gender and age. The contribution of blood donors in younger age was higher (χ2 (3) = 19.31, p=0.01) in males (χ2 (1) = 27.98, p=0.001). Conclusion: The awareness of blood donation was higher in males, higher education, and young age peoples (18-28) years. Furthermore, the awareness about blood donation should be made known through electronic and print media along with the educational programs at educational institutions. Blood bank lab assistants should be given training to keep up to date with the latest information on blood donation, samples, and screening tests.

scholarly journals Open Educational Resources - in Engineering Education, Case Study at UC/AGH, UB and ULBS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Dan-Maniu Duşe ◽  
Ildikó Simó
Keyword(s):  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Open Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chi Square Test

AbstractTo change the educational scene in the epoch of the digital generation there is the possibility of using Open Education (OE) and Open Educational Resources (OER). The term “open educational resources” refers to resources with free access to use, adaptation and redistribution. The objectives of the research are to determine the degree of knowledge and use of OER in three Engineering Universities in three countries (Poland, Hungary and Romania) and to find out whether there is a relationship between the institutions in terms of knowledge and use of OER. The measurement is made by applying the survey method on a sample of n = 192. As a tool we use the questionnaire with 15 questions structured in three chapters: knowledge of OER; using OER; opinions about OER. In this analysis we summarize: the presentation of the degree of familiarity with some OER-related concepts, the use of special search engines, the use of free software sources, the frequency of use of OER and opinions on different types of OER that could be exploited in the future. For the description of relationship between nominal variable we use contingency tables and diagrams and compare the frequency data with the Pearson Chi-square test.

scholarly journals Decision-making process of tomatoes purchase by generation Z: case study in the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Michaela Šugrova ◽  
Marek Plachy ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyova ◽  
Jozef Šumichrast
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

The paper aims to investigate and assess the decision-making process of young Slovak consumers – generation Z – in the purchase of tomatoes. The respondents participatet in a questionnaire survey and blind testing of four tomato samples (two samples were Slovak and another two were foreign tomatoes). For a deeper analysis of the collected data, five scientific hypotheses were formulated. The accuracy of provided hypotheses was verified using the following mathematical-statistical methods: Chi-Square test of independence, Mann-Whitney U-test, and as Chi test for equality of proportions between two samples. The research results show that generation Z buys tomatoes once a week or several times a month. Moreover, it was found out that most young consumers are mostly influenced by freshness, taste, quality of tomatoes, and general appearance, the least by packaging, brand/specific tomato grower, information on the packaging and references. According to all observed attributes within the blind testing of tomato by the respondents, the best-evaluated sample was the Slovak sample of tomatoes – the sample B. Subsequently, all respondents were provided with information about the tested tomatoes, and it can be stated that they would also actually buy Slovak sample B in the store. Finally, one can state that the higher price of this sample has no significant impact on the respondents of generation Z.

Evaluating the performance of different willingness to pay question formats for valuing environmental restoration in rural China

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
XU ZHONGMIN ◽  
JOHN LOOMIS ◽  
ZHANG ZHIQIANG ◽  
KUINO HAMAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Question Formats

This paper compares protest rates and willingness to pay (WTP) using a payment card versus single and double bounded voter referendum contingent valuation question formats. Using a chi-square test, the payment card had a significantly higher protest rate (6.7 per cent) than the voter referendum question format (2.2 per cent). The median WTP of the single bounded and double bounded referendum format exceeds the payment card by a factor of nine and seven, respectively. The median WTP from the referendum formats represent about 8 per cent of income, while the payment card results represents about 1 per cent of income. These large differences in WTP between question formats are double what have been found in past studies. We believe this result may be due to excessive yea saying at high bid amounts in the dichotomous choice question formats. This behavior may arise in our case study in rural China because citizens have not had a long history of open elections or voting on tax referenda.

scholarly journals Effects of Family Structure on the Academic Performance of Children: A Case Study of Ayeduase R/C Junior High School in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francess Dufie Azumah ◽  
Krampah Samuel ◽  
Nachinaab John Onzaberigu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

In today’s competitive global setting, pupil’s performance is an important element of the school’s achievement. Pupil’s performance can significantly be affected by range of variables. Researches depict family structure as a salient variable. This study looked at the family structure of Junior High School pupils in Ayeduase Sub-Metro of Kumasi and their academic performance. The objectives were to assess the difference in relationship between the academic performance of children from single-parent families and two parent families and also to determine the difference in parental involvement in children’s academic performance. The research utilized a case study of 80 J.H.S. students in Ayeduase Sub-Metro, Kumasi between the ages of 12–18 years who were sampled by using stratified sampling technique. The sample consisted of all J.H.S 1, J.H.S 2 and J.H.S 3 students in order to maintain reliability. Chi-square test of independence was used in testing the first research hypothesis which was to determine the relationship between children in single-parent families and two parent families (family structure) and the dependent variable (academic performance). The result of the study indicated that, there was no significant difference in relationship between children from single-parent and two parent families (family structure) as independent variable and academic performance of pupils (p=0.791) as the dependent variable. The finding of this study provided evidence that family structure indicated no significant effects on academic performance of children. The study recommends that further studies should be carried out to include other family factors. Chi-square test of independence was used in testing the second hypothesis which was to determine the difference in parental involvement in children’s academic performance. The result of the study also indicated that, there was a significant difference in parental involvement in children’s academic performance (p=0.223).

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