Hubungan Jumlah Viral Load dengan Kejadian TBC pada Pasien HIV/AIDS yang Mendapatkan Terapi ARV

Viral Load (VL) is a direct indicator of the total amount of cells produced by the virus in a person infected with HIV. TB becomes a challenge for controlling Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) because it is the most opportunistic infection in people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA). TB can increase HIV progression and the risk of death for people living with HIV. Immunosuppression can increase the likelihood that dormant TB germs reactivate. The pathogenesis of TB infection in HIV patients is directly related to the decline in the immune system, specifically CD4 T lymphocytes. HIV infection will cause a decrease in CD4 T lymphocytes thereby reducing the immunological response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This will result in reactivation from the latent period of TB to an active infection. This study conducted to discover the relationship between the amount of viral load and the tuberculosis case in HIV / AIDS patients that undertake ARV therapy at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province in 2019. Observational analytic approach with cross sectional design was used in this present study. The data taken is secondary data from the medical record of HIV / AIDS patients in Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province in 2019. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling method and it was obtained a total sample of 196 people. The data was analyzed through Chi Square test. There was a significant relationship between the amount of viral load in HIV / AIDS patients and the tuberculosis case (p-value = 0.004). From the analysis above, it was obtained OR value = 2.52 which represents that patients who have a viral load ≥ 10,000 have a risk of 2.52 times to encounter TB. A high amount of Viral Load can cause immunosuppression in the host and increase the virulence of TB microbes.

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Prevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with smoking in people living with HIV by sex, in Recife, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/s1415-790x2013000200018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 432-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joanna d’Arc Lyra Batista ◽

Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque ◽

Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes ◽

Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho ◽

Heloisa Ramos Lacerda de Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Low Income ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of smoking is higher in people infected with HIV than in the general population. Although it is biologically plausible that smoking increases the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV/AIDS, few studies in developing countries have analyzed the determinants and consequences of smoking in HIV infected people. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and identify the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation in patients with HIV by sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with baseline data, obtained from an ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with HIV attending two referral centers in Recife, Northeast Region of Brazil, between July 2007 and October 2009. Results: The prevalence of current smoking was 28.9%. For both sexes, smoking was independently associated with heavy alcohol drinking and marijuana use. Among women, smoking was associated with living alone, not being married and illiteracy; and among men, being 40 years or older, low income and using crack. Compared with ex-smokers, current smokers were younger and more likely to be unmarried, heavy drinkers and marijuana users. Conclusions: It is important to incorporate smoking cessation interventions for the treatment of heavy alcohol drinkers and marijuana users with HIV/AIDS, which may increase life expectancy and quality of life, as smoking is related to risk of death, relapse of tuberculosis, and non communicable diseases.

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Respons Orang Hidup Dengan HIV AIDS (OHIDHA) Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan HIV AIDS di Kabupaten Sukoharjo dan Grobogan

JURNAL PROMOSI KESEHATAN INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jpki.12.1.92-114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Arrum Firda Ayu Maqfiroch ◽

Zahroh Shaluhiyah

Keyword(s):

Univariate Analysis ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Status ◽

Keywords Aids ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

ABSTRAKPenanggulangan HIV AIDS membutuhkan keterlibatan dari berbagai pihak. Salah satu pihak yang terlibat adalah OHIDHA. OHIDHA merupakan anggota keluarga yang hidup bersama ODHA dan memberikan dukungan kepada ODHA. Stigma di Kabupaten Sukoharjo dan Grobogan masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apakah yang menentukan respons OHIDHA dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV AIDS di Kabupaten Sukoharjo dan Grobogan.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan data kuantitatif melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner. Penelitian ini didukung dengan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data FGD. Jumlah responden adalah 92 OHIDHA, proporsi 50% dan selang kepercayaan 95%. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi, bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan respons OHIDHA adalah hubungan dengan ODHA (p-value=0,001), lama hidup dengan ODHA (p-value=0,030), lama mengetahui status ODHA (p-value=0,001) dan sikap (p-value=0,005). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa sikap (p-value=0,006) merupakan variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh paling signifikan dibanding variabel lainnya.Kata Kunci : OHIDHA, respons, Grobogan, Sukoharjo Respons of People Living With HIV AIDS to Control HIV and AIDS in Sukoharjo and Grobogan District; Controlling HIV and AIDS requird the involvement of various sector. One of the sector involved is People Living With HIV AIDS (PLWHA). PLWHA is a family member who lives with people living with HIV and provide support to people living with HIV. Stigma in Sukoharjo and Grobogan still high. This study aims to determine the factors that determine whether the PLWHA response in control to HIV and AIDS in Sukoharjo Grobogan. This research was a quantitative study with cross sectional approach. Quantitative data collection techniques through interviews with questionnaires . This research was supported by qualitative research with FGD. The number of respondents was 92 PLWHA, the proportion of 50% and 95% confidence interval . Analysis of the data using univariate analysis with frequency distribution, bivariate using Chi-Square and multivariate using logistic regression. The results showed that the variables related to the PLWHA response is a relationship with people living with HIV ( p = 0,001 ) , long life with people living with HIV ( p = 0.030 ) , longer know the status of PLWHA ( 0.001 ) and attitude ( p = 0.005 ). Multivariate analysis showed that the attitude (p value = 0,006) was a variable that has the most significant effect compared to other variables .Keywords : AIDS , response , Grobogan , Sukoharjo

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Relationship between Information Skills and Antiretroviral Adherence in People Living With HIV/AIDS

Fundamental and Management Nursing Journal ◽

10.20473/fmnj.v4i1.25551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Novianti Lailiah ◽

Nursalam Nursalam ◽

Ninuk Dian Kurniawati

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Peer Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antiretroviral Adherence ◽

Information Skills ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: Adherence in ARV therapy is an important mechanism in preventing drug resistance. The level of adherence is influenced by several factors, one of which is the information skills factor. This study aims to analyze the relationship between information skills and ARV adherence in People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).Method: This was a cross-sectional approach with a sample size of 100 respondents who were selected through simple random sampling technique. The inclusion criteria for respondents were PLWHA who were undergoing ARV therapy, cooperative, aged 20-60 years. The instrument used was information skills questionnaire and Medical Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression test with p value ≤ 0.05.Results: Information skills were associated with ARV adherence (p = 0.01). Information skills consisting of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and ARV therapy can increase ARV adherence in PLWHA with indicators taking drugs regularly and have medical control on schedule.Conclusions: The information skills factor has an effect on ARV adherence. Increasing information skills can be done through educational activities or peer-group support aimed at gaining insight into disease and treatment, especially for newly diagnosed PLWHA.

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Quality of Life People Living with HIV/AIDS and Its Characteristic from a VCT Centre in Indonesia

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v29i6.13 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Handayani ◽

Nita Yunianti Ratnasari ◽

Putri Halimu Husna ◽

Marni . ◽

Tantut Susanto

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Support Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Risk Group ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: The quality of life (QoL) construct has also contributed to understanding the comprehension of factors involved in the existence of people infected by the HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of life (QoL) of people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Wonogiri District, Indonesia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2017. Convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 39 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) of Wonogiri, Indonesia. Research data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire of WHOQOL-HIV BREF. The data were further analysed using a ttest and a Chi-square test, while linear regression was used to evaluate factors that correlate with the PLWHAs’ quality of life.RESULTS: The results showed that the gross mean score of social relationships domain is 13.59; psychological domain is 13.31;environment domain is 13.28; spiritual/personal beliefs domainis 13.15; physical domain is 13.10; and level of independence domain is 13.77. The symptom of HIV is associated with quality of life (B =7.611, β = 0.362, t = 2,046, p value = 0.049).CONCLUSION: Healthcare provider should increase providerinitiated testing and counselling (PITC) to contracting group, high risk group, susceptible group, and the community. The PLWHA are recommended to actively participate in peer support groups (PSGs) so that they can improve their quality of life.

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Role of Nurses in the Treatment and Care of HIV/AIDS patients - based on the dimensions of health care.

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss1.935 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 199-212

Author(s):

Glodiana Sinanaj ◽

Arjan Harxhi ◽

Brunilda Subashi

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Nursing Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Old Patients ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

There is a lack of nursing studies that are specifically focused on assessing and caring for people living with HIV / AIDS to improve their quality of life. Little is known about the current situation regarding the care of persons living with HIV / AIDS.This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study will try to identify the assessment of nursing care in order to promote a better understanding of nursing care. A structured self-administered questionnaire administered from April 30 to June 15, 2014, was used for data collection.The participants were 55 patients, whose average age was 33.3 ±7.98 years, ranging from 20 to 55 years of age, out of which 24 (43.6%) of patients were female, while 31 (56.4% of them were males). They had different socioeconomic and educational levels. Regarding the biological dimension of nursing care, despite a positive trend in patient care estimation, differences between individual patient groups are observed based on the educational level.So patients with secondary and higher education are more likely to positively assess nursing care by the biological dimension versus 8-year-old patients. While with the psychological dimension and with other dimensions such as spiritual, social, stigmatization and discrimination there is no statistically significant relation between the socio-demographic characteristics of patients.Among the 5 dimensions, it is noticed that patients have evaluated less positively stigma, discrimination, compared to other dimensions. So patients are noticed a dissatisfaction with the fact that they are treated by nurses at the time of health care. The Nursing School to increase the development and implementation of quality research should identify the feelings, experiences, experiences and meanings of HIV/AIDS patients on nursing care. HIV / AIDS is a growing risk of modern times, requiring long-lasting research and research.

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ASSESSING HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN MAKASSAR CITY

Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar ◽

10.32382/medkes.v15i1.1290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Framita Rahman ◽

Sri Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Since it was first discovered HIV / AIDS has became a very serious global challenge. Indonesia is one of the countries that have a high percentage of people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA). A quarter of the total cases of HIV / AIDS in Indonesia are in the adolescences, range of 15-24 years, where most of the undergraduate students (S1) are in this vulnerable age group. Adolescence is a developmental stage that being marked by a great curiosity about the problem of sexuality. This great curiosity is usually not accompanied by adequate knowledge about the issue of sexuality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge about HIV / AIDS and sexual behavior of undergraduate students in Makassar City. The research method that has been used was cross-sectional, using stratified random sampling method to determine the research sample. There are 536 respondents from 3 universities in Makassar City. The results of this study found that the level of knowledge of students about HIV / AIDS was good at 75.4% (404 respondents) and 24.6% (132 respondents) were poorly informed. Students with no-risk sexual behavior were 346 respondents (64.6%) and 190 respondents were at risk (35.4). Bivariate test results found there was no relationship between knowledge about HIV / AIDS with sexual behavior of undergraduate students with p value 0.155. From this study it can be concluded that knowledge about HIV / AIDS does not affect the sexual behavior of undergraduate students in Makassar City. It is important to look at other factors that might influence undergraduate student sexual behavior.

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Quality of sleep and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up at Ethiopian Zewditu Memorial Hospital,2018

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26745/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nebiyu Mengistu ◽

Telake Azale ◽

Solomon Yimer ◽

Mahilet Fikreyesus ◽

Elsa Melaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Sleep disturbance is a common complaint in people living with HIV/AIDS. Those individuals with it are less likely to adhere to their antiretroviral therapy regimens, have decreased quality of life, have decreased work productivity as well as it may increase the risk for psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular morbidity and disease progression. However, it is not well studied in Ethiopia. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study was utilized among 408 participants selected by systematic sampling technique. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) was computed to assess the strength of association. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The magnitude of poor sleep quality was 55.6%. Being female [AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: (1.80, 6.41)], depression [AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: (1.95, 6.32)], CD4count ≤ 200 cells/mm3 [AOR = 3.18,95%CI: (1.65,6.13)], duration of HIV/AIDS diagnosis [AOR = 3.43,95% CI: (1.61,7.29)], current use of tobacco [AOR = 5.69, 95% CI: (2.04,15.9)] and chat or caffeinated drinks [AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: (1.06,6.64)] and poor sleep hygiene [AOR = 3.55, 95% CI: (1.85, 6.78)] were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusions More than half of the study participants were found to have poor sleep quality. Routine screening of sleep condition among people living with HIV/AIDS and early intervention based on the findings is suggested.

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Factor Assocoated with Stigma Towards People Living With HIV/AID Among Nursing Students

Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional ◽

10.37294/jrkn.v3i2.160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Anselmus Aristo Parut ◽

I Gusti Ayu Puja Astuti Dewi ◽

Pw Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Educational Background ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Learning Program ◽

Prior Learning ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Recognition Of Prior Learning ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS is a problem in control, prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Stigma by health care worker in hospital is one of the main challenges in preventing and manage HIV/AIDS especially in developing country. Methods : this is a cross-sectional study, respondents were bachelor of nursing students program regular, program transfer and recognition of prior learning program. We used KQ-18 questionnaire to assess HIV/AIDS related knowledge, belief and values questionnaire to asses religiosity, modified Nurse AIDS Attitude Scale to assess stigma and stigma perception in workplace. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics were conducted to summarize the sample characteristics. Results: A total 132 nursing students participated, recognition of prior learning nursing students have higher knowledge about HIV/AIDS (mean=13,84), bachelor of nursing students regular program have higher stigma (mean=96,30), person correlation analysis showed that there is a significant correlations between knowledge and stigma towards people living with HIV ( p= 0,001), regression analysis showed that p value = 0,000 which mean that educational background, work experiences and knowledge simultaneously affect stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusions : the finding of this research showed high magnitude of stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS among nursing students, training and continuing education are needed to improve knowledge and reduce stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS.

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An Investigation on People Living with HIV and AIDS Rejected by Medical Staff in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-111778/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yong Yu ◽

Zijue Chang ◽

Xiuya Liu ◽

Yu Lu

Keyword(s):

Medical Staff ◽

Online Survey ◽

General Information ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from the two perspectives of the incidence, type, help-seeking situation of PLWHA（People living with HIV and AIDS）rejected by medical staff and the willingness of medical staff to diagnose and treat PLWHA to analyze the realistic problem of PLWHA and AIDS rejected by medical staff under the current Chinese cultural background.Methods: 1500 people were selected from PLWHA users in the WeChat work account of a Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), and 1000 medical staff were selected from a third-class hospital in Guangxi, China. The self-compiled general information questionnaire and PLWHA medical rejection questionnaire were used to conduct a one-to-one WeChat online survey on PLWHA. A questionnaire on HIV/AIDS clinical knowledge, a questionnaire on HIV/AIDS attitude, and a questionnaire on the willingness to diagnose and treat PLWHA with clinical surgery were used to conduct a face-to-face survey on the selected medical staff.Results: 1146 valid PLWHA samples and 890 medical staff samples were obtained. 30.2% (346/1146) of HIV-infected/AIDS patients had experienced refusal from medical staff when visiting a hospital for non-HIV/AIDS-related diseases since the diagnosis of HIV+; 17.1% (196/1146) of HIV-infected/AIDS patients had been rejected by medical staff in the hospital due to other diseases in the past 12 months and 10.8% (124/1146) had been rejected in clinical surgeries; after receiving a refusal, 58.2% (114/196) of the HIV-infected/AIDS patients never asked for help, while only 37.8% (74/196) of the refused patients were resolved accordingly. Only 38.7% of medical staff clearly expressed their willingness to provide surgical treatment or post-operative nursing services for HIV-infected/AIDS patients. After controlling other factors, the answer accuracy of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge [odds ratio (OR)=2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31, 4.43] and the attitudes towards HIV/AIDS (OR=6.74, 95%CI: 3.59, 12.66) were the influencing factors for medical staff's willingness to diagnosis and treat HIV-infected /AIDS patients with clinical surgery.Conclusions: Rejection by the medical staff is a common phenomenon during the treatment of HIV-infected/AIDS patients in China and the willingness of medical staff to diagnose and treat HIV-infected/AIDS patients is relatively weak.

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Knowledge of PEP and PrEP Among People Living with HIV/aids in Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52570/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa ◽

Henrique Ciabotti Elias ◽

Nilo Martinez Fernandes ◽

Elucir Gir ◽

Renata Karina Reis

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Analytical Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heterosexual Women ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The City ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:The objective was to analyze the factors associated with knowledge of PrEP and PEP among people living with HIV/aids in Brazil. Cross-sectional analytical study carried out among people living with HIV/aids treated at five specialized services in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.Methods:Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of independent variables on dependent variables: having knowledge about PrEP and PEP. Of the 397 participants, 140 (35.26%) were heterosexual women, aged 40 to 49 years (36.27%).Results: Participants with less than 11 years of study (adjusted odds: 0.2903; 95% CI: 0.1340-0.6007); who did not have a low viral load or did not know how to report viral load (adjusted odds: 0.2931; 95% CI: 0.0961-0.8398) and those with casual partners (adjusted odds: 0.2931; 95% CI: 0.0961- 0.8398) were less likely to have knowledge about the PrEP. MSM (adjusted odds: 2.8788; 95% CI: 1.5912-5.3092) and those who used alcohol during sexual intercourse (adjusted odds: 1.7305; 95% CI: 1.0656-2.8248) were more likely to have knowledge about the PEP.Conclusions: Awareness about PrEP and PEP should be widely disseminated by health promoting institutions in order to expand knowledge of these two methods.

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