scholarly journals Clinico Pathological Review of Adnexal Masses in Children and Adolescents at a University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Mucinous Cystadenoma ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Follicular Cyst

Background & Objective: The study objective was to review the clinic-pathological characteristics of adnexal masses in the children and adolescent population in our institution. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 178 adolescent patients including neonates, presenting with adnexal masses between January 2000-December 2012, was performed. Results: Records of a total of 178 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 14 years. The most common symptom was abdominal pain noted in 146(82%) patients followed by nausea and vomiting in 28(15.7%) and incidental findings in 19(10.7%). The majority of the ovarian masses were benign. The follicular cyst was the most common histopathological type in 66 patients (37.1%) followed by a hemorrhagic cyst in 40(22.5%), benign teratoma in 21(11.8%), benign serous cyst in 20 patients (11.2%), endometrioma and mucinous cystadenoma in 13 patients (7.3%). The average tumor size observed in the present study was 7.84cms. However, the size varied in different age groups such as 4.27 cm size in neonates, and 7.1 cm in 1-14 years age group, and 8.61 cm in 15-19 years age group with a P-value of 0.009. Out of a total of 178 patients, 46(25.8%) were managed conservatively. However, 90(50.6%) patients underwent ovarian cystectomy, 26(14.6%) were managed by unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, 10(5.6%) by unilateral oophorectomy. Aspiration and biopsy were done in 6(3.4%) patients. Conclusion: Incidence of adnexal masses increases with age with maximum cases between age 14 and above. Adolescent girls with adnexal masses can have variable presentations however abdominal pain is the most common symptom. Mostly these are benign masses therefore conservative approach for treatment should be adopted.

scholarly journals Diagnostic yield and appropriate indication of upper endoscopy in Jordanian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyad Altamimi ◽  
Yousef Odeh ◽  
Tuka Al-quraan ◽  
Elmi Mohamed ◽  
Naif Rawabdeh
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Upper Endoscopy ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Common Indication ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Endoscopic Findings

Abstract Background Upper endoscopy is an essential tool for diagnosing pediatric gastrointestinal issues. This study aimed to assess the indications, diagnostic yields, concordance between histopathological and endoscopic findings and suitability of upper endoscopies performed at a tertiary university hospital in Jordan. Methods Hospital records of children who underwent upper endoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, endoscopic details (e.g., indications, findings and any complications), and histopathological findings were collected. The relationship between endoscopic findings and histopathological abnormalities was reported. Results The study included 778 patients (age, 92.5 ± 54.5 months; 380 girls, 48.8%). The most common age group was children younger than 60 months (273 patients, 34.3%). The most common indication for endoscopy was abdominal pain, followed by vomiting and failure to thrive or weight loss. Normal upper endoscopy was reported in 411 patients (52.8%). Age below 60 months, abdominal pain, dysphagia/odynophagia, and heartburn were predictive of abnormal endoscopy in multivariate analysis with p-value 0.000, 0.048, 0.001 and 0.01 respectively. Abnormal endoscopy showed 67.3% sensitivity and 69.9% specificity to predict histopathological abnormalities. Of those performed, 13.6% endoscopies were described as inappropriate indication. The suitability of the procedure was a sensitive predictor for abnormal endoscopic and histopathological findings. Conclusions Abdominal pain is the most common indication for upper endoscopy in our population. It is associated with a higher chance of abnormal endoscopy. Concordance between endoscopic and histopathological findings is not high. Normal endoscopic findings shouldn`t discourage the endoscopist from obtaining tissue biopsies. Considering more biopsies may improve pathological detection rates. Compliance with established endoscopy guidelines may reduce unnecessary procedures.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOPLASMA SPP. AND UREAPLASMA SPP. AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3630-3633
Author(s):  
Anton G. Petrov ◽  
◽  
Vladislav M. Nankov ◽  
Rositsa V. Petrova ◽  
Irena I. Gencheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas (M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. parvum, U. urealyticum) in pregnant women by molecular biological methods. Material/Methods: A prospective epidemiological study of 107 pregnant women hospitalized in the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital-Pleven, Bulgaria, was conducted. Vaginal secretion samples were taken from all 107 pregnant women. A Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect the genomic DNA of the bacteria in pregnant women. Results: The highest is the relative share of women in the age group from 20 to 35 years - 66 (64.68%), followed by women under 20 years - 27 (25.23%) and women over 35 years - 14 (13.08%). Detection of bacterial DNA was found in 85 (79.44%) of the cases, with present Ureaplasma spp. Colonization in 42 women (39.25%). Although no statistical dependence was found on open bacteria and age groups (p-value = 0.4688), it is noteworthy that the prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. as a whole in the age group from 20 to 35 years, which has the highest birth rate, is more than twice higher than the group of up to 20 years and more than five times higher compared to the group over 35 years. Conclusions: Studies on the incidence of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. in pregnant women is important for controlling the pregnancy, predicting the risk of developing maternal-fetal infection and discussing the options for timely treatment.

scholarly journals Comprehensive study of ovarian tumours in Kathmandu University Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Suman Raj Tamrakar ◽  
Ramesh Makaju ◽  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
Suresh Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Benign Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ovarian tumours account for 15% to 25% of all primary malignancy and the leading cause of death from gynaecolgical malignancies. There are limited publications related to ovarian tumours from Nepal. Ovarian related surgeries are the common surgeries in Kathmandu University Hospital. This study aims to provide basic information related to ovarian tumours from this geographical region of Nepal. Objectives: To review the nature of ovarian problems and certain socio-demographic information namely: caste, age, address and co-morbid condition of the patients presenting with ovarian problems. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of patients seeking surgical treatment of ovarian lesions in Kathmandu University Hospital from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2018. This study was undertaken by reviewing the inpatient, outpatients and OT records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the records from Department of Pathology. All the files and computer records were reviewed and analyzed for nature of ovarian problems and certain demographic variables. Results: Out of the 860 cases, about 61% were non-neoplastic while benign ovarian tumours and malignant ovarian tumours were 35% and 3.7 % respectively. Almost one third of the cases were of Brahmin/Chhetri (37.3%) and 58.3% of the patients were from Kavre district. Mean age of the patients with ovarian problems was 34.89±11.15 years (range 12-72 years). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of patients with non-neoplastic ovarian lesions and neoplastic ovarian lesions (p value = 0.3371). There was statistically significant difference between the mean age of patients with benign ovarian tumours and malignant ovarian tumours (p value = 0.0001). And malignant ovarian tumours were significantly high among patients above 41 years in comparison to benign ovarian tumours of same age group (p value = 0.0008). Out of 32, ten malignant ovarian tumours occurred in relatively young age group. Of the 860 ovarian lesions, 438 and 422 ovarian lesions were removed through open technique and laparoscopic techniques respectively. Mature cystic teratoma (64.1%) was the commonest benign tumor and serous cyst adenocarcinoma (43.8%) was the commonest malignant tumour in this study. Conclusion: Ovarian tumours are one of the gynaecological diagnoses in Kathmandu University Hospital. If only ovarian neoplasms are considered, most of the ovarian tumours are benign and few are malignant. Minimal invasive surgeries are possible, except that for malignant ovarian tumours.

scholarly journals Study of the Health Instructions Effect on Quality of Life and Psychological Problems among Children with Thalassemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seham Mohammed Elmwafie Hassan ◽  
Saida El Sayed Hassan Ibrahim El Azzab
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

<p>Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the health instructions effect on quality of life and psychological problems among children with thalassemia.<br />Design: Quasi-experimental design used in this study. Pre and post evaluation done to identify the effect of health instructions sessions which provided by the researchers for thalassemic children and their parents on children heath related quality of life and psychological problems using Pediatric quality of life inventory PedsQL 4.0 generic core scale which was used to measure health-related quality of life in children and adolescent. In addition, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) used to evaluate psychological problems among children.<br />Setting: It was conducted at outpatient and hematological unit affiliated to Beni-Seuf University hospital. <br />Sample: The total children included in this study were 23 children of either sex, aged (7-18y). Children with physical or mental handicapped excluded from the study.<br />Results: The results of this study showed that more than two third of studied children scored medium level in physical and school function. As well as, there was no significant differences in thalassemic children health related quality of life domains post health instructions sessions where p &gt; 0.05. Also these study findings demonstrated that 60% of children had extremely sever anxiety and 43.5% of them had severe depression. However, post health instruction sessions these findings showed statistical significant decline where p value = .001 and .000 respectively.<br />Conclusion: An important finding to emerge in this study is studied children with thalthemia had psychological problems with poorer health related quality of life. However, the results set out to the provision of health instructions for children with thalthemia and their parents had significant effect in improvement of children psychological problems. Unfortunately, there is no significant effect in their health related quality of life post instructions sessions. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the importance for the continuous heath educations program providing for thalassemic children and their parents by pediatric and psychiatric nurses. In addition, health team collaboration for monitoring psychological problems of children with thalassemia and assist children and their parents to more adjustment in their health related quality of life.</p>

scholarly journals An assessment of various factors in patients who underwent full mouth rehabilitation in a university hospital set up

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 712-716
Author(s):  
Ilankizhai R J ◽  
Revathi Duraisamy ◽  
Madhu Laxmi M
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Full Mouth Rehabilitation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Chi Square Tests

The best treatment option available for treating any generalised tooth structure loss is to undergo full mouth rehabilitation. Full mouth rehabilitation aims at restoration of form and function of masticatory apparatus to nearly as normal condition as possible. The aim of the study was to report on the gender distribution and most common cause for full mouth rehabilitation among patients with FMR in a private dental college over six months of period. A retrospective study was done using the case records of patients visiting University hospital from June 2019 - March 2020. Case sheets with information on full mouth rehabilitation were retrieved and analysed using SPSS 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed. The results reported that there were no particular differences in gender distribution. Both females and males had equal predilection(50 % - males, 50 % - Females).Majority of the males who are diagnosed with FMR were in the age group 59 to 68 years whereas females diagnosed with FMR were in the age group 49 to 58 years which was found to be statistically significant as determined by chi-square tests(p value< 0.05).The most common reason in males for full mouth rehabilitation was attrition whereas in females multiple missing teeth, however, there was no significant association between the genders and cause of full mouth rehabilitation as determined by Pearson's chi-square test (p value> 0.05). Within the limits of the study, it can be concluded that Full mouth rehabilitation was done in both genders equally and females underwent FMR at a much younger age than males.

scholarly journals Recurrent Ovarian Torsion in a Premenarchal Girl

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Lee Yee Lin ◽  
Xinyi Chin ◽  
Aravind Sreedharan ◽  
Lee Yee Lin ◽  
Rashida Farhad Vasanwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Tumour Markers ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Torsion ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Feasible Option

A 10-year-old girl presented with a recurrence of left ovarian torsion where she presented with intermittent left sided abdominal pain for 2 days. She had a similar presentation occuring 1 month ago. The patient underwent successful ovarian salvage with laparoscopic left ovary detorsion and bilateral oophoropexy 5 hours after presentation. Tumour markers were not raised. Intraoperative incisional ovarian biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. Ovarian torsion is a rare gynaecological emergency in children with nonspecific symptoms. Early recognition and surgery are important to prevent ovarian necrosis. The presentation of acute onset unilateral abdominal pain on the background of a similar previous presentation should alert the clinician of this diagnosis. Although ovarian torsions occur more commonly in the presence of adnexal masses more than 5cm in size, it can also occur in normal ovaries especially in the premenarchal age group. Laparoscopic detorsion is the treatment of choice with oophoropexy a feasible option for prevention of a recurrence. Close follow up with ovarian surveillance is required to ensure resolution of ovarian enlargement.

scholarly journals Single Burr Hole and Drainage in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Outcome in Consecutive 333 Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Yam B Roka ◽  
Afjal Firoj ◽  
Jha Alok ◽  
Lohani Biprav
Keyword(s):  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bowel And Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Group Sex

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical disease with incidence 3 in 100,000 in general population. Recorded or trivial head injury is the most common cause of CSDH with several predisposing factors like alcoholism, coagulopathy, seizure disorder, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, metastases and vascular malformations. Bilateral CSDH are common in infants and interhemispheric subdural hematomas are often associated with child abuse. Coagulopathy and intracranial tumors have been associated with spontaneous CSDH. 86 % were males with 47% of CSDH on left followed by 35% in right and 61 cases (18%) were bilateral. The most common age group was 61 to 80 years (45%) followed by the 41 to 60 year group. During admission headache was the most common symptom followed by neurological deficits that include, loss of speech (65%), mono or hemiparesis (20%), quadreparesis (5%), bowel and bladder dysfunction and loss of memory or altered sensorium. Statistical analysis did not show any significant p value between the Age group, Sex, Side of CSDH or chronic alcoholism as independent variables affecting outcome. GCS at admission was the only factor that had significant p value in terms of outcome prediction. Although there are multiple comorbidities associated with CSDH this study found that except GCS there was no relation to age, side, sex, alcoholism, hypertension or diabetes in the outcome after surgery. Meticulous care to remove all the CSDH followed by use of drain is the most efficient way to manage CSDH.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 13:35-42, 2016  

scholarly journals Frequency of Sensorineural Hearing Loss among Children with Pyogenic Meningitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Salman Baig ◽  
Muhammad Salman Khan ◽  
Nasima Iqbal ◽  
Tayyaba Mumtaz ◽  
Ashfaq Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pyogenic Meningitis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim: To find out the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss among children with pyogenic meningitis. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Ziauddin university hospital during the period of July 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: About 96 participants were enrolled in the study between the age group of one month up to 12 years. Patients were included on the basis of clinical presentation and laboratory findings of pyogenic meningitis. An expert audiologist performed the brainstem evoked response audiometry test before discharging the patient from the hospital. For data analysis SPSS version-20 was used. All the quantitative variables were calculated as mean with standard deviation while qualitative data were presented as frequency and percentages. To find out association between variables, the Mann Whitney U-test and chi-square test was applied while P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age with standard deviation was 6.8 ±2.3.  Majority of the study participants were boys (57%). The frequency of sensorineural hearing loss was 17%. It was more among females than their male counter parts that was 64.7% and 35.3% respectively but no significant association was reported. The younger age group was having higher frequency of sensorineural hearing loss (47.1%), followed by the age group of 6-8 years (29.4%) and the very small number of participants were affected from the age group of 9-12 years (23.5%) but all the age groups were having no significant association with frequency of hearing loss. Conclusion: It can be concluded that sensorineural hearing loss is the most common complication reported among the children with pyogenic meningitis in current setup so there is a need of early evaluation of hearing problems in all patients diagnosed with pyogenic meningitis.

Clinical Profile Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Experience At A Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Rafi ud din ◽  
Fauzia Anjum ◽  
Abdul Latif Khattak ◽  
Rao Saad Ali Khan ◽  
Khawar Shabbir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Co Morbidity

Objective: To determine the characteristics of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients visiting PEMH Rawalpindi. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional Study conducted at Department of Gastroenterology/hepatology in Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi (PEMH) from Oct 2015 to Jan 2018. Methodology: In this study total 100 patients, with HCC of both genders were included. All the cases were discussed in multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings which were held once every week. A decision on the best possible management for the given case was arrived at in the MDT meeting. All the relevant features of each case were recorded in the Performa. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate mean, standard deviation and frequencies for gender, various presenting features, co-morbidities and clinical features. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Sixty seven men and 33 women with HCC were included in this study with a mean age of 58.23 years. The abdominal pain was the most common symptom present in 66 (66%) patients. Edema was seen in 30 (30%) and palpable splenomegaly in 26(26%). Diabetes mellitus was the most common co-morbidity found in 20(20%) patients. HCV was the commonest cause of HCC present in 79(79%) patients. Vascular involvement was seen in 15 (15%) patients. Most (62%) patients had a single HCC lesion and most belonged to Child –Pugh class A (68%) and BCLC stage B (42%). ECOG performance status was good in most patients with 49% patients scoring 0. The AFP levels were raised in 58 (58%) of the patients. Conclusion: HCV was the most common underlying etiology. Most of the patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Majority of subjects reported with the complaint of abdominal pain and had no underlying co morbidity. The metastasis was negative in majority of cases

Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Living in Rural Border Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Ravinder K Gupta ◽  
Vallabh Dogra ◽  
Himani Badyal
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Border Areas

Objective: To study the various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls living in rural border areas. Design- Prospective study. Setting- Pediatric outpatient clinic. Materials and methods- About 200 adolescent girls (11-19 years) living in rural border areas were enrolled for the study. These girls were asked about menarche, duration of the cycle, amount of blood loss and the various menstrual problems. They were also asked about the various beliefs and myths regarding menstruation. The girls having any illness affecting the menstrual cycle or those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders were excluded from this study. Results- About 51% of the study population was in the age group 17-18 years. About 43.5% of girls attained menarche at the age of 10-12 years. About 51% of girls did not know about menstruation before menarche. Abdominal pain was the most common side effect seen in 41% of girls during menstruation. About 61% of girls considered themselves unclean during menstruation.  Twenty percent avoided schools, 20% avoided kitchen, 12% avoided temples while 10% stayed away from friends/ relatives. Only 33% of girls knew that menstruation stops temporarily after becoming pregnant. Twenty-two percent girls were using sanitary napkins while the rest used different types of clothes during the menstrual cycle. Conclusion- There is a dire need to educate girls regarding menstruation before menarche in the rural border areas. Every mother should discuss in a friendly way regarding various aspects of menstruation.

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