scholarly journals URBAN PLANNING ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL FRAMEWORK IN MASTER PLANS FOR PREDICTING THE OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF SEVASTOPOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
M.I. Afonina ◽  
D.A. Dyachenko

The possibility of determining the prospects for the development of the natural framework using the documents of the master plans on the example of the hero city of Sevastopol is proposed. The published articles on the topic of research, as well as works in related fields on historical, military-political topics, tourism development, environmental safety, and others are analyzed. To determine the changes in the structure of the natural framework, we used a retrospective analysis of the master plans for the period from 1933 to the present. Systematized information about the main elements of the natural framework located on the territory of the city of Sevastopol, which include 14 specially protected natural areas of regional and local significance, including: 1 eco-park, 6 nature reserves and 7 natural monuments, their main characteristics and rating are indicated. In addition to these existing protected areas, a list of promising objects of regional significance is presented. Diagrams of the areas of functional zones, including landscaping zones, whose areas were compared and analyzed, were compiled. Conclusions are drawn on the work done in the article, as well as further recommendations for the development of the natural framework and prospects for further research are described.

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 980-1005
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos

Considerando a dinâmica e a estrutura urbana de Belém no início do século XXI como expressão da acumulação das intervenções urbanas e das práticas de planejamento e gestão do espaço da cidade, analisa-se a genealogia do planejamento urbano para compreender a produção de um espaço que tem como característica a negação da natureza e a produção da desigualdade entre classes sociais. Nesse aspecto, identificou-se três períodos específicos que produziram impactos significativos na produção do espaço urbano de Belém: o terceiro quarto do século XVIII (1755 – 1777) com as reformas promovidas no período Pombalino na Amazônia, momento de expressão de uma modernidade urbana e arquitetônica; o final do século XIX e a primeira década do século XX (1890 – 1910), momento de ascensão da economia regional a partir da intensificação de atividades extrativas que produziram reformas urbanísticas com tons higienistas e; por fim, o período entre 1940 e 1970, que marcou uma série de propostas de planejamento com viés técnico-burocrático na produção do espaço. Do ponto de vista da metodologia adotada, estabeleceu-se como percurso de pesquisa: i) levantamento bibliográfico de caráter teórico e empírico da temática; ii) levantamento documental acerca das práticas de planejamento e intervenção dos períodos destacados com base em legislação, planos e projetos de cada um dos períodos; iii) coleta de iconografia representativa da época as quais as políticas foram executadas. Apresenta-se como resultados a hipótese de que a narrativa de uma pretensa ausência de planejamento como fator explicativo dos problemas da cidade é um discurso que não tem base na realidade, posto que historicamente é exatamente o oposto que a pesquisa indica, as modalidades de planejamento efetivadas em Belém acentuam problemas como a segregação socioespacial.Palavras-Chave: História, Planejamento Urbano, Modernidade, Belém.AbstractConsidering the dynamics and urban structure of Belém at the beginning of the 21st Century as an expression of the accumulation of urban interventions and planning and management practices of the city, the historical genealogy of urban planning is analyzed as a way of understanding production of a space that has as characteristic the negation of the nature and the production of the inequality between social classes. In this aspect, three specific periods were identified that produced significant impacts on the production of the urban space of Belém: the third quarter of the seventeenth century (1755 - 1777) with the reforms promoted in the Pombaline period in the Amazon, a time of expression of an urban and architectural design; the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century (1890 - 1910), a time of great rise of the regional economy from the intensification of extractive activities that produced urban reforms with hygienic tones; and finally, the period between 1940 and 1970, which marked a series of planning proposals with a bureaucratic technical aproach in the production of space in Belém. This work established as following research methodology: i) survey bibliographical of theoretical and empirical character of the analyzed subject; ii) documentary survey of the planning and intervention practices of the highlighted periods based on municipal, state and federal legislation, as well as the master plans and development plans of the periods; iii) collection of iconography representative of the time to which the policies were executed in the urban space. The hypothesis is that the narrative of a supposed absence of planning as a factor of the city's problems is a discourse that has no basis in reality, since historically it is exactly the opposite that the research indicates, that is, the modalities in Belém accentuate problems such as socio-spatial segregation.Keywords: History, Urban Planning, Modernity, Belém.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
K. Didenko

The article describes the origin and formation of the «Dipromisto» Institute. The peculiarities of the project approach and methodological findings of the institute at the beginning of 1930s are considered.. The realism and pragmatism of Ukrainian specialists in the field of urban planning are noted. A necessary component in the devel-opment of the master plan of the new city, or the reconstruction of the existing one, was the technical and econom-ic studying of the city and more detailed analytical work. Only after that the sketch project was made and devel-opment of the final project of planning and drawing up in detail of the partial project of planning of the first turn was carried out. The Institute's development has consistently attempted to make the city aware and practical, not only as a supplement to industrial production, but as a self-sufficient facility designed to ensure all aspects of people's lives. The same approach was used in the process of developing the master plan of Kharkov (1933-1938). Thanks to the Institute, several dozen master plans of cities and about a hundred master plans of industrial settlements of the Ukrainian SSR were designed, and a master plan of Kharkov was developed. The school of complex urban planning was formed thanks to the work of many talented specialists: O. Eingorn, G. Sheleikhovsky and P. Alyoshin, as well as D. Bogorad, M. Davidovich, I. Malozyomov, O. Marzeev, P. Khaustov and other specialists. Eingorn was the undisputed ideological leader of the Institute. Thanks to his leadership, a methodology for designing cities was developed. First of all, the design process was divided into four stages: technical and eco-nomic studying of the city; drawing up a draft planning plan; development of the final planning project; drawing up a detailed partial draft of the first stage planning. Eingorn paid great attention to the architecture of the city and work with the landscape and another important implementation of O. Eingorn is a reorganization of the de-sign process and the work of the architect-designer and associates. Another prominent specialist – G. Sheleikhovsky. He co-authored and engineered and designed two large ur-ban projects, the master plan of Kharkiv and Big Zaporizhia. He was also a scientist who laid the foundations of urban climatology, which in the 1930s was just beginning to develop. Keywords: Dipromisto Institute, school of urban planning, Soviet urban planning, urban planning of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkiv metropolitan period.


2018 ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova ◽  
V. N. Khramtsov

Rather large forests, typical of the southern taiga subzone are preserved within the boundaries of St. Petersburg. They include a wide variety of plant communities with some rare species. This article is devoted to the area located in the southern part of the city and designed as a nature reserve. A large-scale map of actual vegetation of the projected reserve was composed; it shows the diversity of plant communities and their distribution. The map legend consists of 75 main units; and the usage of supplementary symbols helps to map 122 units. Areal analysis of all types of plant communities is carried out on the basis of the vegetation map. Typical and the most valuable vegetation objects were identified.


2019 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
V. L. Pogodina ◽  
A. S. Matveevskaya ◽  
I. G. Filippova

A resident of a large city is increasingly in need of a complete rest in the bosom of nature, enjoy the peace and beauty of landscapes. The administration of megacities is concerned about the problems of preserving the natural environment and creating within the city limits a network of recreational areas where recreational activities can be organized. The necessity and importance of establishing a network of specially protected natural areas within the metropolis is not in doubt. But the status of the created nature reserves implies, for the most part, prohibitions and restrictions for the organization of recreational activities. A detailed description of recreational opportunities for the rational use of individual components of the city’s natural environment is presented. The authors conducted a geoecological analysis of the allocation of recreational areas in large cities. Features of nature that should be considered when designing recreational areas in large cities, on example of St. Petersburg, are noted.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-406
Author(s):  
N. I. Zholud’

Determination of  strategies for the formation of satellite cities of Minsk is the basis for the development of a polycentric model of the metropolitan agglomeration. On the basis of the comparative analysis of design solutions for master plans, a concept for improving the planning structure and functional organization of satellite cities has been proposed in the paper. The concept is to adapt their planning structure to one of the promising economic profiles (industrial, scientific and industrial, agrarian and industrial, tourism and recreation). In accordance with the concept, there are four main types of the planning structure of satellite cities that correlate with their city-forming specifics: an urbanized planning structure (type У) – an industrial city, an urbanized-natural structure (type УП) – a scientific-industrial city, a natural-urbanized structure (type ПУ) – agricultural  and  industrial  city and a natural  structure (type П) – tourist and recreational  city.  The selected period (20–30 years). While developing master plans, it is necessary to distinguish two main directions of transformation: transformation and development. The implementation of the first direction is provided by two strategies – fragmentation and defragmentation as well as four varieties of each strategy. Spatial development strategies are consolidation, vector growth, sector growth, radial growth. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of possible options for the placement of functional zones, depending on the distance of the city from the core city. Taking into account the identified strategies for spatial development and analysis of the location of satellite cities in the Minsk agglomeration, twelve planning models have been developed that can be used to create urban planning projects to improve the functional planning organization of settlements in the Minsk agglomeration.


2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayne Walling

AbstractThe City of Flint, Michigan, USA has experienced extreme population and economic variability in the past one hundred and fifty years. The City of Flint developed three comprehensive or master plans in order to assess available data, make projections and propose recommendations. The ways in which each plan proved to contain accuracies and failures is instructive for the practices of historical statistical methods and urban planning, particularly as it relates to spatial data. The three plans will be considered in three main sections: planning for population growth (1920), planning for regional rationalization (1960), and planning for a flexible future (2013). Population projections, residential density patterns, and economic and employment data will be reviewed and compared against the planning recommendations and realities. The relationship between statistics and spatial analysis is examined. Discussion is included on ways data and statistical analysis can be utilized for public decision-making and assist with governing.


Author(s):  
Aram A. Arshakyan ◽  
◽  
Zarui G. Mamyan ◽  

The article touches upon the issues of urban planning transformations, which is due to economic realities and the state of the spaceplanning frame of the city. The territorial growth of cities in the 60s of the last century led to the creation of suburban areas, most of them are monofunctional residential areas with “moderate” urban centers and typical green areas. However, modern society requires the creation of new territories with multilayered public and business zones, residential units, educational institutions, needs to form an understandable and acceptable environment for all social and age groups. Reconstruction of territories is currently carried out mainly according to individual projects developed on the basis of plans for the development of urban areas in general and in strict accordance with zoning plans. How to organize this process for the city painlessly, what functions are needed to be foreseen and how to determine all pros and cons of the planned changes – the issues that city authorities, urban planners and developers face today everywhere, including all over the post-Soviet space and the Republic of Armenia in particular. For reveal the topic of transformation of functional zones, the article gives the examples of the urban planning experience of the USA, Germany and France.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Elena Anatolyevna Borisova

The paper deals with the issue of urban forests in the city of Ivanovo which were saved on the territories of three parks. On the basis of special studies during 2012-2018 the main types of forests have been briefly described. The data on the forest flora are presented (338 species were recorded in the park named after the 1905 Revolution, 235 - in the park named after Stepanov, 217 - in the park Kharinka). The forests are dominated by typical forest species, 5 rare plants preserved ( Epipactis palustris , Eryngium planum , Malaxis monophyllos , Ophioglossum vulgatum , Viola selkirkii ), they are included into the regional Red Data book. There are also old trees of native species. Planting trees, creating lawns and flower beds greatly enriched their flora. In general, the composition and structure of forests are disturbed, weed and ruderal alien species (groups of Acer negundo , Amelanchier spicata , Cerasus vulgaris , Cotoneaster lucidus , Fraxinus pennsylvanica , Malus domestica , Sambucus racemosa , etc.) are noted. Some species ( Cerasus maximowiczii , Crataegus monogyna , Padus pensylvanica , Parthenocissus inserta , Phellodendron amurense , Thladiantha dubia , Telekia speciosa ) belong to the rare invasive plants of the Ivanovo Region. The parks possess the status of specially protected natural areas, they are of great environmental, ecological, scientific and aesthetic value. As a result of the territory zoning of these valuable forest areas they have been assigned to the reserves with a strict protection regime.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
O.V. Chernyshenko ◽  
◽  
V.A. Frolova ◽  
L.P. Zhdanova ◽  
◽  
...  

The UN Strategy for Sustainable Urban Development was analyzed taking into account different approaches to assessing biodiversity, ecosystem services, anthropogenic factors and climate change. The City Biodiversity Index or Singapore Index on City Biodiversity (CBI) was used to assess the biodiversity of Moscow. The Singapore index comprises three core sections: 1) native biodiversity, 2) ecosystem services, and 3) governance. 21 indicators have been selected. Each indicator has specific evaluation criteria with a maximum score of 4 points. Data from the Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection of the City of Moscow, literature sources and the results of social surveys of parks were used to calculate the index. Indicators including estimates of specially protected natural areas, natural and green areas of the city, the number of native and invasive plant species, the diversity of birds, butterflies and other species were calculated.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Maria PIDODNYA

Two modern large scale city planning projects are considered using a comparative analysis method - master plans for two sites for mixed functional use: one in the city of Sochi, the Russian Federation, and the second in the Zayudas area near Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The author outlines innovative principles in the design of the site in Sochi as part of the former infrastructure of the Olympic Games with tasks in three main blocks: development, mobility and energy supply to obtain the maximum result - a modern, sustainable, high density and att ractive area. In the Zayudas area, the tasks of urban planning of a high density area concentrated on a transport hub were completed. Monitoring the sustainability of the area includes the following seven areas: mobility, public spaces, development and food supply, energy, waste management and circularity, water and greenery, society. An att empt has been made to form an image of an important international top platform for entrepreneurs and knowledge intensive institutions, which makes it possible to count on the dissemination of this design experience. The results of testing in the process of implementing the Zayudas district show the possibility of using the proposed European practices of urban planning in the Russian context.


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