Influence of Enterprise Strategy Typologies on Youth Livelihood Outcomes in Kenya

Youth unemployment and underemployment are grave social issues prevalent in developing countries. Ensuring that youth attain productive ends or sustainable livelihood outcomes is a major concern of many governments, organisations and institutions globally. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of enterprise strategy typologies on youth livelihood outcomes in Kamukunji Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. Anchored on Department for International Development livelihoods framework and the General Systems Theory, the study applied a cross-sectional survey research design to gather data from 201 youth from registered youth groups. Analysis was conducted using descriptive frequencies and inferential statistics, namely Chi-square, Z statistic and Ordered Logistic Regression. Findings from inferential statistics established that regardless of the livelihood strategy typology youth adopted (business, wage employment, homemaking, arts & talents and agriculture-based), the livelihood outcomes did not differ significantly. As a group, livelihood strategy typology did not jointly determine youth livelihood outcomes. However, specific enterprise strategies whose parameters attained statistical significance were: wage employment (β = 0.74, p < 0.05) and arts/talent (β = 0.26, p < 0.05) which were important in predicting the level of YLO level. The study recommends that State and Non-State actors should implement elaborate and expansive business incubation and mentorship programs for youth. To improve livelihood outcomes for all youth, development agencies should ensure that youth-focused interventions target all typologies of enterprise strategies undertaken by the youth.

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Analysis on the Choice of Livelihood Strategy for Peasant Households Renting out Farmland: Evidence from Western Poverty-Stricken Areas in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11051424 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1424 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jie Cai ◽

Ting Wang ◽

Xianli Xia ◽

Yazhi Chen ◽

Hongqiang Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

Policy Support ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Livelihood Strategy ◽

The Impact

Investigating the choice of livelihood strategies has great significance for improving the living standards of peasant households who rent out farmland. This study evaluates the impact of renting-out land on households’ livelihood strategies in China’s western poverty-stricken areas. Data were obtained from cross sectional survey of 585 field survey data from peasant households who rent out land. The K-means clustering method was used to classify the livelihood strategies of the sample households. In view of sustainable livelihood framework, this paper used combination weighting model based on game theory to calculate the quo of households’ livelihood capital. The Multinomial Logistic Regression was used to explore the relationship between livelihood capitals and livelihood strategies. Results show that: livelihood strategy of households who rent out the land can be divided into “agricultural-led” livelihood strategy, “working-oriented” livelihood strategy and “part-time” livelihood strategy. Additionally, the results of Multinomial Logistic Regression show that the households with high human capital and financial capital tend to choose the “working-oriented” livelihood strategy and the households with high natural capital tend to choose the “agricultural-led” livelihood strategy. Therefore, in order to realize the sustainable livelihood of these households, different policy support should be proposed based on the heterogeneity of households in the process of land transfer.

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Farming versus tourism

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/1354816617716239 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1581-1590 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jun Liu ◽

Jianghuan Zhu ◽

Chu Lin ◽

Yunyun Li ◽

Lijun Wu

Keyword(s):

International Development ◽

Evaluation System ◽

World Heritage ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

World Heritage Site ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Entropy Weight ◽

Livelihood Strategy ◽

The Impact

Participation in the tourism industry around World Heritage Sites is an important livelihood strategy for farmers. To enhance their sustainable livelihood ability, it is important to identify these strategies and determine the factors that affect their shift from low- to high-stability employment plans. We conducted face-to-face interviews with 150 farmer households on a World Heritage Site in China. Using the sustainable livelihood framework, proposed by the Department for International Development in the United Kingdom, a detailed inventory of farmers’ livelihood capital was created. A livelihood capital evaluation system was established adopting an entropy weight method. In addition, a multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of farmers’ livelihood capital on their choice of tourism schemes. The results show that the most stable tourism livelihood strategies in the area studied were store types, and the most unstable, stall types. The key factors that affected the farmers’ shift of livelihood strategy were physical, financial, and human capital. Farmers with a larger quantum of these types of capital were more likely to choose a high-level livelihood strategy than other farmers. Moreover, the distance from their residence to the main attractions and tourist routes was an important factor that affected their choice of livelihood strategies.

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Livelihood Improvement through Agroforestry Compared to Conventional Farming System: Evidence from Northern Irrigated Plain, Pakistan

Land ◽

10.3390/land10060645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 645

Author(s):

Shahzad Ahmad ◽

Zhang Caihong ◽

E. M. B. P. Ekanayake

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

International Development ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Financial Capital ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Livelihood Improvement

The concept of sustainable livelihood garnered a prominent status in humanitarian and international development organizations that aim to calculate and build a livelihood for agroforestry farmers. However, it is difficult to measure and analyze as well as visualize the data of livelihood improvement from agroforestry (AF). This paper comparatively assessed 400 smallholder farmers’ livelihood through AF and conventional farming (CF) systems in the Northern Irrigated Plain of Pakistan. The findings showed that AF has a mixed impact on farmers’ livelihood capital, including human, physical, natural, financial and social capital. Specifically, AF significantly improved financial capital in terms of timber, non-timber and fuel wood income. Furthermore, the physical capital (buffalo plough, generators and sprinklers), natural capital (the extent of cultivated land and land ownership; the number of households (HHs) growing vegetables, fruit crops and medicinal crops) and social capital (the number of social groups that HHs involved and number of HHs sharing crop seeds) of AF farmer HHs were significantly improved compared to those of CF farmers. However, the results show that financial capital gain through crop income, HHs owning high-value vehicles (tractors) and farmers trust and collective activities were significantly higher in CF farmers than AF ones. Therefore, to enhance the contribution of AF to rural livelihood, advanced extension services and government involvement on research planning and implementing are needed.

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Midwives’ perspectives on person-centred maternity care in public hospitals in South-east Nigeria: A mixed-method study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261147

Author(s):

Daniel Chukwuemeka Ogbuabor ◽

Ijeoma Lewechi Okoronkwo

Keyword(s):

Supportive Care ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Psychosocial Support ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Sampled Data ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

The Mean ◽

Enugu State

Background Person-centred maternity care (PCMC) is acknowledged as essential for achieving improved quality of care during labour and childbirth. Yet, evidence of healthcare providers’ perspectives of person-centred maternity care is scarce in Nigeria. This study, therefore, examined the perceptions of midwives on person-centred maternity care (PCMC) in Enugu State, South-east Nigeria. Materials and methods This study was conducted in seven public hospitals in Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, South-east Nigeria. A mixed-methods design, involving a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions (FGDs) was used. All midwives (n = 201) working in the maternity sections of the selected hospitals were sampled. Data were collected from February to May 2019 using a self-administered, validated PCMC questionnaire. A sub-set of midwives (n = 56), purposively selected using maximum variation sampling, participated in the FGDs (n = 7). Quantitative data were entered, cleaned, and analysed with SPSS version 20 using descriptive and bivariate statistics and multivariate regression. Statistical significance was set at alpha 0.05 level. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results The mean age of midwives was 41.8 years ±9.6 years. About 53% of midwives have worked for ≥10 years, while 60% are junior midwives. Overall, the prevalence of low, medium, and high PCMC among midwives were 26%, 49% and 25%. The mean PCMC score was 54.06 (10.99). High perception of PCMC subscales ranged from 6.5% (dignity and respect) to 19% (supportive care). Midwives’ perceived PCMC was not significantly related to any socio-demographic characteristics. Respectful care, empathetic caregiving, prompt initiation of care, paying attention to women, psychosocial support, trust, and altruism enhanced PCMC. In contrast, verbal and physical abuses were common but normalised. Midwives’ weakest components of autonomy and communication were low involvement of women in decision about their care and choice of birthing position. Supportive care was constrained by restrictive policy on birth companion, poor working conditions, and cost of childbirth care. Conclusion PCMC is inadequate in public hospitals as seen from midwives’ perspectives. Demographic characteristics of midwives do not seem to play a significant role in midwives’ delivery of PCMC. The study identified areas where midwives must build competencies to deliver PCMC.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice on COVID-19 among undergraduate students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal: An online cross-sectional survey

Journal of Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jbs.v8i1.38457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

KR Pandey ◽

DR Panday ◽

P Pyakurel ◽

S Marahatta ◽

SP Rimal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Human Life ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Background: COVID-19, a global health crisis of the 21st century, has threatened possibly every aspect of human life. Since the pandemic is not yet over, this study was carried out among undergraduate students of a medical institute in Nepal to assess and boost their KAP status on the disease. Material and methods: It was an online cross-sectional census survey performed among consenting undergraduate healthcare students of BPKIHS. A self-made and validated questionnaire assessing KAP on COVID-19 was prepared in Google form and distributed online among target students. The study population was 745. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was performed. Student’s T-Test and one-way ANOVA were applied for which level of statistical significance was kept at p<0.05. Results: Ninety-six students participated in a pilot-study (Cronbach α= 0.792). The response rate was 76.27%. Most participants (76.76%) were from Nepal. The male/female ratio was 0.76. Most (59.2%) had not participated in such studies before. For 93.54%, the source of information was the internet. Assessed by questionnaire, right Knowledge (n=16) was 85.06% ± 8.81%; right Attitude (n=6) was 65.00% ± 16.16 and right Practice (n=6) was 82.88%± 8.50%. Male were more knowledgeable about the disease (p=0.011). However, females secured higher in practical aspects (p=0.000). Indian students possessed better knowledge (p=0.005) and a better attitude (p=0.033). MBBS students had better knowledge (p=0.000), but Nursing students secured higher in Practice (p=0.012). Attitude is better in the earlier years (p=0.045). Conclusion: We assessed KAP related to COVID-19 via score among healthcare undergraduate students. Different co-factors do impact students’ overall KAP status.

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Building Rural Household Resilience Due to Environmental Changes in the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Northeastern Nigeria

Journal of Management and Development Studies ◽

10.3126/jmds.v27i0.24946 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 31-48

Author(s):

M. Galtima ◽

A.A. Tafida

Keyword(s):

International Development ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Government Organizations ◽

Capital Assets ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

The People ◽

Strategy Model ◽

Natural Land ◽

Multiplier Effects

Environmental changes in the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands have grossly affected the functionality of the ecosystem with multiplier effects on livelihoods of more than 1.5 million people. The most critical change occurred through the invasion of the water bodies by Typha grass, which has hampered the predominant activities, fishing and farming, thereby subjecting the people into abject poverty conditions. This has attracted the attention of Nigerian Government, International Development Agencies and Non-Government Organizations in designing and implementing several intervention measures. In many communities, the failure of the interventions in up-lifting the quality of life has been attributed to the wetlands resource utilization strategies prescribed. This study uses the concept of sustainable livelihood framework by focusing on the occurrence of Typha grass (external vulnerability factor), capital assets and policy/institutional structures to construct alternative livelihood strategy model in order to develop household resilience against environmental changes. Data for the study was obtained from household surveys in fifteen communities of the wetlands region and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and Foster Greer Thorbeke models. The results indicate that a combination of five capital assets: physical (power, road and markets); human (experience, skills and schooling), social (cooperative, remittance and linkages), natural (land, forest and fisheries); and financial (savings, disposables, credit) resources serve as the optimum factors in yielding higher incomes and thus developing a resilience against environmental vulnerability and poverty.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Among Adults living in the City of Bandundu, Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo. A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-144209/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ferdinand Mukoso ◽

Aliocha Nkodila ◽

François Lepira ◽

Pascal Bayauli ◽

Yves Lubenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background and aim: In limited resource settings, reliable epidemiological data generated from hypertension high risk geographical areas or people is a prerequisite for the planning of proven and effective interventions. The aim of the present survey was to assess the prevalence, awareness, control and factors associated with hypertension in adults living in the port City of Bandundu, located in the southwestern part of DRC.Methods: a cross-sectional survey using a modified WHO STEPwise questionnaire for data collection during face-to face interviews was conducted from 1st May to 30th October 2018. A multistage cluster sampling method was used and inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and informed consent. Information on demographic parameters, behavioral lifestyles, anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements was obtained. Hypertension was defined as an average of two BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or self-reported history of antihypertensive medication use. Independent factors associated with hypertension were identified using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 34,5% (Women 36,6 %). Older age (p<0.001), subclinical atherosclerosis (p= 0.021), sleep duration <8 hours (p<0.002), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), and obesity (p= 0.009) emerged as main cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension.Conclusion: Hypertension was characterized by a high prevalence, low rate of awareness and suboptimal BP control, high cardiovascular risk and associated sleep duration and obesity as modifiable risk factors.

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Efeito da gamificação na intenção de uso de treinamentos on-line: uma adaptação do modelo UTAUT aplicado no TRT-2

Revista de Administração da UFSM ◽

10.5902/1983465921624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 472

Author(s):

Ludmilla Cavarzere de Oliveira ◽

Luis Hernan Contreras Pinochet ◽

Ricardo Luiz Pereira Bueno ◽

Mauri Aparecido de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Learning By Doing ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Intention To Use ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional Labor ◽

On Line ◽

Facilitating Conditions

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of gamification on intention to use online training from the partial validation of the UTAUT model for qualification of members and servers of the Regional Labor Court of the 2nd Region (TRT-2). The study analyzed the relationship between constructs performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and familiarity with the intention to use gaming in distance media. This was conducted through an empirical application, which used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for data analysis. The research was a single cross-sectional survey, carried out with TRT-2 members and servers who participated in the distance-feeding course ‘Healthy Living’ in 2015. Of the four hypotheses, only familiarity (F) was not significant as it did not serve as a behavioral intentions (BI) predictor of gamification for distance learning courses. Some explanations for such phenomenon may be career promotion and additional qualifications, learning by doing and sample size. The results confirmed that most hypotheses have a high statistical significance of the structural paths and have demonstrated that the model proposed in this study is consistent and can be applied in future studies with appropriate adjustments.

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Patient Safety Culture Status and Its Predictors among Healthcare Workers

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v7i2.11955 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Mengistu Mitiku ◽

Alemseged Aregay ◽

Tesfay Hailu

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Safety Culture ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Patient Safety Culture ◽

Current Status ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional Survey

<p>Good patient safety culture of healthcare professionals brings about fine consequences for patients. This study, therefore, aimed in evaluating the current status and predictors of safety culture among healthcare workers in Mekelle Zone hospitals, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 325 healthcare workers in three hospitals of Mekelle city from February to May, 2017. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select study subjects. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of patient safety culture among healthcare workers at 95% confidence level and 5% level of significance. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Of the 325 Healthcare workers, 21.6% rated the culture of patient safety as satisfactory and 78.4% rated as unsatisfactory. Old aged healthcare workers (AOR=21.9, 95% of CI: 2.51-61.69) and ‘hospital management support for patient safety’ (AOR=2.68, 95% CI=1.06-6.79) were strong predictor of satisfactory patient safety culture. Satisfactory patient safety culture grade obtained was only 21.6%, indicating that health care professionals are not delivering patient centered service and there is a lot of work to be done in the hospitals to improve culture of patient safety among healthcare workers. </p>

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Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions: A Case of Malawi Microfinance Institutions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-373410/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helex Kayembe ◽

Yunjian Lin ◽

George N. Chidimbah Munthali ◽

Wu Xuelian ◽

Lazarus Obed Livingstone Banda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Portfolio Management ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Least Square ◽

Microfinance Institutions ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Loan Portfolio ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting

Abstract Background: Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) have been used as a tool for poverty alleviation in many developing economies globally, including Malawi. However, their sustainability in many countries has been dependent solely on loan repayment, donor aid, and subsidies. Aim: This study aimed at investigating the factors that influence the sustainability of MFIs in Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2020 among the MFIs employees in the central region of Malawi. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data online using a google form sent via social media platforms. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software with Statistical significance placed at .05. Results: 120 respondents completed the survey representing a 79.3% response rate, of which 63% were male. The majority of the respondents fell within the age group of 31-40 years, representing 58%, having attained universities and vocational colleges' education level, representing 32.8%. With an experience of above 16 years, representing 41.2% of which were branch managers, representing 49.6%. The results of the ordinary least square regression indicated that reporting and loan management system (RLMS) (β=0.200, P=0.021), corporate-governance (β=0.257, P=0.004), and commercialization (β=0.161, P=0.047) were positively significantly influencing the sustainability of MFI. On the other hand, loan design/type (β =-0.211, P=0.006), loan portfolio management (β =-0.179, P=0.050) were found to be negatively impacting the MFI. Lastly, variables of over-indebtedness (B= 0.077, P=0.426), loan disbursement (β =0.121, P=0.104) were found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Our study argues that commercialization, standardized reporting, and effective loan portfolio management systems, stakeholder-based approach to corporate governance, and favored board independence through scale and cost management is critical to improving MFIs' financial sustainability.

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