Dendrimers: The Novel Pharmaceutical Drug Carriers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Shishu ◽  
Manjul Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Design ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Structure Synthesis ◽  
Monodisperse Polymers ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Insight Into

Dendrimers represent a novel class of structurally controlled macromolecules derived from a branches-upon-branches structural motif. These consist of well defined, highly branched moieties that radiate from a central core and are synthesized through a stepwise, repetitive reaction sequence that guarantees complete shells for each generation, leading to formation of monodisperse polymers. The synthetic procedures developed for dendrimer preparation permit nearly complete control over the critical molecular design parameters, such as size, shape, surface/interior chemistry, flexibility, and topology by virtue of which these macromolecules offer diverse applications in drug delivery, solubility enhancement, gene therapy and diagnostic field. This article provides an insight into the structure, synthesis, properties, types and the applications of dendrimers in the bio-medical field.

Neuartige basische Liganden für die homogenkatalytische Homologisierung von Methanol zu Ethanol, IV [1] Synthese, Eigenschaften und NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen von mehrzähnigen Furfurylphosphanen / Novel Basic Ligands for the Homogeneous Catalytic Homologation of Methanol to Ethanol, IV [1] Synthesis, Properties and NMR Spectroscopic Investigations on Polydentate Furfurylphosphanes

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Lindner ◽  
Christoph Scheytt
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonium Salt ◽  
The Novel ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigations ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Insight Into

The furfurylphosphonium salts [RP(CH2C4H2O3]Br (2a-c, e, f) [R = Ph (a). Mes (b). Me (c), t-Bu (e), CH7C4H3O (f)] and [Ph2P(CH2C4H3O)2]Br (6) are obtained by reaction of the silvlphosphanes RP(SiMe3)2 (1a-c, e). P(SiMe3), (3) and Ph2PSiMe3 (5) with BrCH2C4H3O (eq. (1). (2) and (5)). In THF 2a-c, e, f and 6 are degraded by LiAlH4 to give the tri- and bidentate alkyl and aryl furfurylphosphanes RP(CH2C4H3O)2 (4a-c, e, f) and Ph2PCH2C4H3O (7). respectively (eq. (3) and (5)). The formation of EtP(CH2C4H3O)2 (4d) succeeds via degradation of the phosphonium salt [EtP(CH2C4H3O)3]I (2d) which results from the reaction of 4f and EtI (eq. (4)). From Ph2PCI (8) and the Grignard compound ClMg(CH2)2C4(CH3)H2O the bidentate P,O-ligand Ph2P(CH2)2C4(CH3)H2O (9) can also be isolated (eq.'(6)), 1H, 31P{1H}, and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic investigations afford an insight into the structures of the novel compounds.

The Monk

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lewis
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Ghost Stories ◽  
Gothic Fiction ◽  
Black Magic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Profound Insight

‘He was deaf to the murmurs of conscience, and resolved to satisfy his desires at any price.’ The Monk (1796) is a sensational story of temptation and depravity, a masterpiece of Gothic fiction and the first horror novel in English literature. The respected monk Ambrosio, the Abbot of a Capuchin monastery in Madrid, is overwhelmed with desire for a young girl; once having abandoned his monastic vows he begins a terrible descent into immorality and violence. His appalling fall from grace embraces blasphemy, black magic, torture, rape, and murder, and places his very soul in jeopardy. Lewis’s extraordinary tale drew on folklore, legendary ghost stories, and contemporary dread inspired by the terrors of the French Revolution. Its excesses shocked the reading public and it was condemned as obscene. The novel continues to beguile and shock readers today with its gruesome catalogue of iniquities, while at the same time giving a profound insight into the deep anxieties experienced by British citizens during one of the most turbulent periods in the nation’s history.

scholarly journals Engineering the Interface between Inorganic Nanoparticles and Biological Systems through Ligand Design

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
David C. Luther ◽  
Xianzhi Zhang ◽  
Aarohi Gupta ◽  
Samantha A. Tufts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Ligand Design ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide multipurpose platforms for a wide range of biological applications. These applications are enabled through molecular design of surface coverages, modulating NP interactions with biosystems. In this review, we highlight approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with ”small” organic ligands (Mw < 1000), providing insight into how organic synthesis can be used to engineer NPs for nanobiology and nanomedicine.

Stanlake Samkange’s Insufferable Zimbabwe: Distanciating Trauma from the Novel to Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Jeanne-Marie Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
African Context ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

This article theorizes the Zimbabwean writer Stanlake Samkange’s turn from the novel to philosophy as an effort to circumvent the representational pressure exerted by African cultural traumatization. In breaking with the novel form to coauthor a philosophical treatise called Hunhuism or Ubuntuism in the same year as Zimbabwe achieves independence (1980), Samkange advances a comportment-based, deontological alternative to the psychic or subjective model of personhood that anchors trauma theory. Revisiting the progression from his most achieved novel, The Mourned One, to Hunhuism or Ubuntuism thus offers fresh insight into the range of options available to independence-era writers for representing the relationship between African individuality and collectivity. At the same time, it suggests a complementary and overlooked relationship between novelistic and philosophical forms in an African context.

Endwall Blockage in Axial Compressors

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Khalid ◽  
A. S. Khalsa ◽  
I. A. Waitz ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
E. M. Greitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Axial Compressors ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
Level Loading ◽  
Stagger Angle ◽  
Insight Into

This paper presents a new methodology for quantifying compressor endwall blockage and an approach, using this quantification, for defining the links between design parameters, flow conditions, and the growth of blockage due to tip clearance flow. Numerical simulations, measurements in a low-speed compressor, and measurements in a wind tunnel designed to simulate a compressor clearance flow are used to assess the approach. The analysis thus developed allows predictions of endwall blockage associated with variations in tip clearance, blade stagger angle, inlet boundary layer thickness, loading level, loading profile, solidity, and clearance jet total pressure. The estimates provided by this simplified method capture the trends in blockage with changes in design parameters to within 10 percent. More importantly, however, the method provides physical insight into, and thus guidance for control of, the flow features and phenomena responsible for compressor endwall blockage generation.

scholarly journals Crystal Structure of the Streptomyces coelicolor Sortase E1 Transpeptidase Provides Insight into the Binding Mode of the Novel Class E Sorting Signal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0167763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele D. Kattke ◽  
Albert H. Chan ◽  
Andrew Duong ◽  
Danielle L. Sexton ◽  
Michael R. Sawaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sorting Signal ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Class E

Formation, translocation and resolution of Holliday junctions during homologous genetic recombination

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1319) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Holliday Junctions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endonucleolytic Cleavage ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Over the past three or four years, great strides have been made in our understanding of the proteins involved in recombination and the mechanisms by which recombinant molecules are formed. This review summarizes our current understanding of the process by focusing on recent studies of proteins involved in the later steps of recombination in bacteria. In particular, biochemical investigation of the in vitro properties of the E. coli RuvA, RuvB and RuvC proteins have provided our first insight into the novel molecular mechanisms by which Holliday junctions are moved along DNA and then resolved by endonucleolytic cleavage.

scholarly journals A small azide-modified thiazole-based reporter molecule for fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2470-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Wolfram ◽  
Hendryk Würfel ◽  
Stefanie H Habenicht ◽  
Christine Lembke ◽  
Phillipp Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Selective Labeling ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Size Stability ◽  
Model Protein ◽  
Universal Detection

Molecular probes are widely used tools in chemical biology that allow tracing of bioactive metabolites and selective labeling of proteins and other biomacromolecules. A common structural motif for such probes consists of a reporter that can be attached by copper(I)-catalyzed 1,2,3-triazole formation between terminal alkynes and azides to a reactive headgroup. Here we introduce the synthesis and application of the new thiazole-based, azide-tagged reporter 4-(3-azidopropoxy)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazole for fluorescence, UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. This small fluorescent reporter bears a bromine functionalization facilitating the automated data mining of electrospray ionization MS runs by monitoring for its characteristic isotope signature. We demonstrate the universal utility of the reporter for the detection of an alkyne-modified small molecule by LC–MS and for the visualization of a model protein by in-gel fluorescence. The novel probe advantageously compares with commercially available azide-modified fluorophores and a brominated one. The ease of synthesis, small size, stability, and the universal detection possibilities make it an ideal reporter for activity-based protein profiling and functional metabolic profiling.

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