scholarly journals Non-Contrast Computed Tomography and the Impact of Stone Density to Choose Minimal Invasive Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-949
Author(s):  
Ioan Scarneciu ◽  
Alexandru Banuta ◽  
Laurian Maxim ◽  
Salvatore Giordano ◽  
Dragos Radu Marcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Laser Lithotripsy ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Flexible Ureteroscopy ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Ureteral Lithiasis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
The Impact

Reno-ureteral lithiasis is a common pathology especially in socio-economically developed countries and may pose serious problems with renal function impairment. Urology is currently one of the surgical branches that benefit from a wide range of therapeutic options in reno-ureteral lithiasis, that revolutionized the criteria and indications of the lithiasis pathology, increasing the success rate and decreasing the number of days of hospitalization but which cannot provide satisfactory results if not complemented by imaging examinations. Non-contrast computer tomography is a key element in determining the best method of treatment by measuring the density of stones and increasing the stone-free rate of patients. Measurement of the stones density is done by Hounsfield units (HU), and patients who have had a [500 HU density have pleaded in over 90% for the uric acid composition. We included in our study a batch of 364 patients with reno-ureteral lithiasis and the treatment method was chosen based on the density of the stones: 64.83% of the patients with a density between 200-700 HU performed semi-rigid ureteroscopy and ballistic lithotripsy, 3.57% of patients with density between 700-1000 HU benefited from flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy, 17.58% of patients with density between 400-700HU performed ESWL and 13.73% with density]1000 HU have benefited from PCNL.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Human Cerebral Collateral Circulation: Evaluation of the Impact on the Cerebral Perfusion in Case of Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
Lorena Krames ◽  
Rosa Daschner ◽  
Yannick Lutz ◽  
Axel Loewe ◽  
Olaf Dössel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStroke is the third-most cause of death in developed countries. A new promising treatment method in case of an ischemic stroke is selective intracarotid blood cooling combined with mechanical artery recanalization. However, the control of the treatment requires invasive or MRI-assisted measurement of cerebral temperature. An auspicious alternative is the use of computational modeling. In this work, we extended an existing 1D hemodynamics model including the characteristics of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery. Furthermore, seven ipsilateral anastomoses were additionally integrated for each hemisphere. A potential stenosis was placed into the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery, due to the highest risk of occlusion there. The extended model was evaluated for various degrees of collateralization (“poor”, “partial” and “good”) and degrees of stenosis (0%, 50%, 75% and 99.9%). Moreover, cerebral autoregulation was considered in the model. The higher the degree of collateralization and the degree of stenosis, the higher was the blood flow through the collaterals. Hence, a patient with a good collateralization could compensate a higher degree of occlusion and potentially has a better outcome after an ischemic stroke. For a 99.9% stenosis, an increased summed mean blood flow through the collaterals of +97.7% was predicted in case of good collateralization. Consequently, the blood supply via the terminal branches of the middle cerebral artery could be compensated up to 44.4% to the physiological blood flow. In combination with a temperature model, our model of the cerebral collateral circulation can be used for tailored temperature prediction for patients to be treated with selective therapeutic hypothermia.

scholarly journals Utility of Photodynamic Therapy in Dentistry: Current Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Anette Stájer ◽  
Szilvia Kajári ◽  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Aima Musah-Eroje ◽  
Zoltán Baráth
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range

The significant growth in scientific and technological advancements within the field of dentistry has resulted in a wide range of novel treatment modalities for dentists to use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment method, involving photosensitizers, light of a specific wavelength and the generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate unwanted eukaryotic cells (e.g., malignancies in the oral cavity) or pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review article is to summarize the history, general concepts, advantages and disadvantages of PDT and to provide examples for current indications of PDT in various subspecialties of dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine, endodontics, preventive dentistry, periodontology and implantology), in addition to presenting some images from our own experiences about the clinical success with PDT.

scholarly journals Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5302
Author(s):  
Samuel Abalansa ◽  
Badr El Mahrad ◽  
John Icely ◽  
Alice Newton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Impact

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly developing environmental problem particularly for the most developed countries. There are technological solutions for processing it, but these are costly, and the cheaper option for most developed countries has been to export most of the waste to less developed countries. There are various laws and policies for regulating the processing of e-waste at different governance scales such as the international Basel Convention, the regional Bamoko Convention, and various national laws. However, many of the regulations are not fully implemented and there is substantial financial pressure to maintain the jobs created for processing e-waste. Mexico, Brazil, Ghana Nigeria, India, and China have been selected for a more detailed study of the transboundary movements of e-waste. This includes a systematic review of existing literature, the application of the Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework for analysing complex problems associated with social ecological systems, and the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the environmental impact of electronic devices from their manufacture through to their final disposal. Japan, Italy, Switzerland, and Norway have been selected for the LCA to show how e-waste is diverted to developing countries, as there is not sufficient data available for the assessment from the selected developing countries. GOOD, BAD and UGLY outcomes have been identified from this study: the GOOD is the creation of jobs and the use of e-waste as a source of raw materials; the BAD is the exacerbation of the already poor environmental conditions in developing countries; the UGLY is the negative impact on the health of workers processing e-waste due to a wide range of toxic components in this waste. There are a number of management options that are available to reduce the impact of the BAD and the UGLY, such as adopting the concept of a circular economy, urban mining, reducing loopholes and improving existing policies and regulations, as well as reducing the disparity in income between the top and bottom of the management hierarchy for e-waste disposal. The overarching message is a request for developed countries to help developing countries in the fight against e-waste, rather than exporting their environmental problems to these poorer regions.

scholarly journals The impact of digitalization of the economy upon social governance: analysis of current global trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kira Vadimovna Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Social Governance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this research is the modern system of social governance, which has been transformed in the conditions of digital environment. Particular attention is given to the definition of electronic-digital civilization and its criteria. The concept of “electronic-digital civilization”, with emphasis on the transitional state of society, was introduced into the scientific discourse by the Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences G. V. Osipov. The goal of this article is to determine the criteria of this concept. Description is given the innovative methods and techniques of social governance, namely those that depend on digitalization of the economy. The events of 2020-2021, related to the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrated the increase of digitalization of human life and nonlinearity of social development. The shift of industrial era towards modern electronic-digital era entails qualitative transformations in the lifestyle of the entire humanity, which certainly requires the implementation of innovative methods in social governance. The author outlines the basic criteria of electronic-digital stage in the development of humanity. The analysis of scientific literature indicates the a wide range of scientific research in the sphere of humanities are dedicated to examination of the effects of digitalization in the economy. However, the emerging social issues in the conditions of digital environment require expert evaluation of sociologists, psychologists, political scientists, and legal experts. The article determines the modern forms and methods of social governance, which are currently implemented by the industrially developed countries. The fundamental factor of transformation of the style of governance became the process of all-round “digitalization of the economy”. The statistical data on the “effects of digitalization” is provided. The author explores such modern trends in governance, such as “E–government”, transitioning to “Digital government”, “Soft–power” technologies, “Agile methodology”, transition to 5G, etc.

scholarly journals The specifics of selected agricultural commodities in international trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Josef Abrhám ◽  
Milan Vošta ◽  
Peter Čajka ◽  
Filip Rubáček
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. This paper evaluates the involvement of three selected agricultural commodities (rice, coffee and soya) in international trade. The aim is to analyze the specification of foreign trade in selected commodities and assess their different significance between representations in domestic markets and exports. This article will also assess other contexts related to international trade in these three commodities, including the negative effects on their trade. Based on the set goal, a research question was asked which evaluates the different position of the examined agricultural commodities on world export markets in relation to domestic consumption. Methodology / approach. The theoretical anchoring of the issue under study are the approaches taken to international economic relations with the emphasis on the specific features of agricultural trade. The methodological framework of the present study is based on the systematic analysis of the spatial distribution of production capacities, the territorial analysis of exports and imports within the world agricultural market and qualitative evaluation of the specifics of selected export commodities and their role in the economy of countries, including labour market importance and in the possibilities of their use. Results. The paper presents the results of the involvement of the rice, coffee and soya in international trade analysis. Most rice production is consumed on domestic markets. Unlike rice, most of the coffee produced is exported and less is consumed within the growing countries themselves. Although domestic coffee consumption is increasing, more than 70% of world production is exported. Soya bean production has increased significantly over the past 50 years as a result of the rising demand for animal feedstuff and biofuels. Almost three quarters of soya bean production is consumed as feedstuff. Originality / scientific novelty. The main contribution of the article is in the application level the elaboration of a comparative view of three selected agricultural commodities. At the theoretical level of the study, it represents a contribution to the discussion within the approaches to the organization of global agricultural trade, the interdependence of economic policies of states, trade ties and the impact on labour markets in relation to production. Agricultural commodities remain an important item in world international trade. However, their share in the total volume is gradually declining. They play an important role in the maintenance of individual countries, but at the same time they are of great economic importance, although we can also mention the less positive aspects of their production, including their impact on the environment. At the same time, it is necessary to realize that this sector is essential for human survival and also that agriculture is important from the point of food security for the population, which can contribute to and increase the level of agricultural protectionism (resilience to world market disruptions or uncontrolled import of genetically modified (GM) food and the transmission of animal diseases). Agriculture is one of the most sensitive economic sectors in the world. Nevertheless, agricultural exports have several economic benefits, including stimulating a wide range of agricultural-related industries, transport suppliers, processing and farm inputs. Practical value / implications. The production of agricultural commodities is of great importance to the economies of individual states, where it contributes to the creation of direct, indirect and induced jobs. The agrarian sector is a key sector, especially for less developed countries. The analysis confirmed the high tradability of all commodities examined and is documented by their involvement in the international division of labour in the global projection.

Calculation and Analysis of the Effect with Electric Vehicle Connected to the Distributed System

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 2416-2422
Author(s):  
Ying Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
The Impact

With the development of electric vehicles technology, especially the development of battery technology and strongly supported by some developed countries in terms of policy, electric vehicle has undergone a rapid expansion in recent years. A lot of electric vehicles are popularized and applied, which will have an impact on power system especially the distribution system. Therefore it is necessary to study the demand characteristics of electric charging and the treatment method and model of access to the network. With this understanding, this article studies the power output model of electric vehicle and analyzes the impact to the distribution network load, the network loss and voltage with different electric vehicles capacity.

scholarly journals Treatment of recurrent renal transplant lithiasis: analysis of our experience and review of the relevant literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Li ◽  
Baifeng Li ◽  
Yiman Meng ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Laser Lithotripsy ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Residual Stone ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Holmium Laser Lithotripsy

Abstract Background:Renal transplant lithiasis is a rather unusual disease, and the recurrence of lithiasis presents a challenging situation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical history of the patient who surferred renal transplant lithiasis for two times, reviewed the relevant literature, and summarized the characteristics of this disease. Results: We retrieved 29 relevant studies with an incidence of 0.34% to 3.26% for renal transplant lithiasis.The summarized incidence is 0.52%, and the recurrent rate is 0.082%. The mean interval after transplantation is 33.43±56.70 m.Most of the patients(28.90%) are asymptomatic.The management included percutaneous nephrolithotripsy(PCNL,22.10%),ureteroscope(URS,22.65%),extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL,18.60%) and conservative treatment(17.13%).In our case the patient suffered from renal transplant lithiasis at 6 years post transplantation, and the lithiasis recurred 16 months later. He presented oliguria,infection or ARF during the two attacks, but without pain. PCNL along with URS and holmium laser lithotripsy were performed.The patient had even recoveries after surgeries,except for a 3mm residual stone in the calyx after the second surgery. He had normal renal function without any symptom,and was allowed to discharge with oral anti-calculus drugs and strict follow-up at clinic.Fortunately, the calculus passed spontaneously about 1 month later. Conclusions: Due to lack of specific symptom in early stage, patients with renal transplant lithiasis may be delayed for diagnosis and present ARF. Minimally invasive treatment method was optimal,and combined usage of two or more procedures are beneficial for patients. After surgery taking anti-calculus drugs, correcting metabolic disorders and avoiding UIT are key measures to prevent the recurrence of lithiasis.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Conditions of Angolan Patients with New Pathologies After Hemodialise Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboio ◽  
◽  
Maite Zeferino Gamba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Impact

Kidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting more than 750 million people worldwide, the magnitude and impact of kidney disease are better defined in developed countries, clinical evidence suggests that in developing countries like Angola, the impact may be greater. Objective: To verify the sociodemographic conditions of Angolan patients with new pathologies after hemodialysis treatment. Method: It was conducted as a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative approach, in a population consisted of 100 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Hemodialysis Pluribus Africa Center, index of confidence was 90% and a sample margin of error of 6.8%. Results: The results of the study showed that of the 100 patients followed, 55% (55/100) acquired new pathologies, including HIV 28% (15/55), lupus erythematosus 25% (14/55), Diabetes 18% (10/55), Tuberculosis 11% (6/55), Hepatitis C 9% (5/55), Hepatitis B 5% (3/55) and Osteoporosis 4% (2/55). The incidence of new pathologies in illiterate was 94% (16/17), with pre-school level 41% (11/27), with elementary school 11/26 (42%), with medium level 44% (8/18) and university level 75% (9/12). New pathologies in autonomous was 57% (27/47), in unemployed was 47% (17/36), in employees was 65% (11/17). The incidence of new pathologies was 42% (18/43) in patients with arterial hypertension, in malaria 59% (16/27), in diabetes mellitus it was 76% (19/25), in other diseases it was 40% (2/5). New pathologies in patients on hemodialysis for less than 6 years was 48% (39/81), in treatment between 6 and 10 years was 75% (9/12), in treatment between 11 and 15 years was 100% (7/7). Conclusions: These factors can contribute to the reduction of life expectancy of hemodialysis patients and therefore it is necessary to carry out more studies on the factors that are associated with this, to allow the creation of more effective health policies to reduce the suffering of these patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating the system of factors influencing the investment decision under postindustrial transformations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-143
Author(s):  
Iuliia KORNIEIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
State Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Risk Assessment Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the prerequisites for systematic use of Big Data sources by government agencies as a tool for forecasting systemic financial risks during investment decision processes at the state level as well as for the formation of public investment policy. The author made a comprehensive assessment of the system of factors that influence the investment decision-making process in terms of post-industrial transformations. The author proposes to solve the problem of forming investment activity information risks based on empowerment of big data analytics. The proposed model assesses the institutional framework by analyzing a wide range of factors such as the level of shadow economy, corruption and economic freedom, including government integrity, property rights, investment freedom, that influence the process of investment decision. Based on indices analysis expands the limited capabilities of risk assessment models of financial instruments based on market data, that reflect the components of expectations, covering the behavioral factor - speculative behavior. Cluster assessment of investment inflows to Ukraine was conducted based on econometric modeling using VAR analysis revealed no significant impact of indicators that reflect the presence of institutional barriers for investors concerning FDI from offshore countries (Cyprus, British Virgin Islands), the impact was limited to an average of 5%. Along with economic factors, the determinants of FDI inflows from developed countries (Germany, Great Britain, United States of America, Austria, the Netherlands) were institutional ones influencing the formation of compliance risks, the impact of which ranged within 30%.

scholarly journals Urban Community Power: Enhancing Urban Forest Diversity and Reversing Ecosystem Disservices in Zomba City, Malawi

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Likongwe ◽  
Frank B. Chimaimba ◽  
Sosten S. Chiotha ◽  
Treaser Mandevu ◽  
Lois Kamuyango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Tree species diversity in urban green spaces supports the provision of a wide range of urban ecosystem services, well studied in developed countries and less so in developing countries, where little is discussed concerning the role of urban communities in addressing the eminent threat facing green spaces. A study was, therefore, conducted to assess the impact of community involvement in the management of urban green spaces, which is mostly left in the hands of the central government in most developing countries. Two hills, namely, Sadzi and Chiperoni hills, were selected within Zomba city, where the latter has no community involvement in managing it. Trees with diameters at breast height (DBH) of ≥5 cm were measured and identified to species level from 25 sampled plots (20 × 20 m each). The results found a total of 51 species, 40 genera and 17 families, with the Fabaceae family dominant in both hills. A Shannon index of above 3.0 was recorded from both hills, with a greater tree density for Sadzi hill at 695 trees/ha. Sadzi hill has gained more than a twofold increase in green cover, while Chiperoni has lost 10%. Despite being in the regenerating phase, the community management is contributing to urban green space provision, ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation.

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