scholarly journals Explicaciones Teóricas de la Discriminación de la Mujer en el Mercado de Trabajo: Fundamentos Microeconómicos / Theoretical Explanations od Discriminations of Women in the Labour Market: Microeconomic Foundations

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Sepúlveda ◽  
Ángel Algarra Paredes ◽  
Rodolfo Ramos Melero
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Desarrollo Profesional ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Microeconomic Foundations

ABSTRACTThe presence of women in the labor market is increasing gradually, but this has not prevented the fact that they find more problems in their careers than men. This area of gender inequality in the labor market poses new challenges for gender equality policies, aimed at ensuring full labor market participation of women as well as equal opportunities for the development of their professional careers. Discrimination against women is a "glass ceiling" for professional development, promotion, and occupation of the highest positions at the companies. This article covers the main explanatory theories of discrimination suffered by women in the labor market from a microeconomic point of view.RESUMENLa presencia de las mujeres en el mundo laboral va aumentando progresivamente; sin embargo, esta situación no ha evitado que las mujeres se encuentren con más problemas en su promoción profesional que los hombres. Este ámbito de desigualdad por razón de sexo en el mercado laboral plantea nuevos retos a las políticas de igualdad, tendentes a garantizar la plena incorporación al mercado laboral de las mujeres y asimismo a establecer los cambios que posibiliten el ascenso profesional de las mismas en igualdad de condiciones con los hombres. La discriminación que sufren las mujeres supone un "techo de cristal" al desarrollo profesional y a la promoción y ocupación de los puestos más altos de las organizaciones en las que trabajan. En el presente artículo se recogen las principales teorías explicativas de la discriminación que sufre la mujer en el mercado de trabajo desde un punto de vista fundamentalmente microeconómico.

scholarly journals Desigualdad de género en las carreras STEM en el Uruguay. Construyendo cultura y registros: la experiencia en Institut Pasteur de Montevideo con InMujeres (Uruguay)=Gender inequality in STEM careers in Uruguay. Building culture and records: the experience at the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo with InMujeres (Uruguay)

2020 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Victoria Prieto-Echagüe
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Building Culture ◽  
Equality Problem ◽  
Las Mujeres

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>En el Uruguay la participación global en la investigación es paritaria, aunque las mujeres tienen una participación minoritaria en los ámbitos de decisión. Se reportan aquí indicadores para visibilizar el problema de desigualdad de género en la ciencia como un problema público. Se analizan las consecuencias y causas de este problema y se proponen lineamientos para una política pública de igualdad enfocada en atender las necesidades estratégicas de género. Finalmente, se describe la experiencia de un instituto de investigación con la aplicación de una herramienta de política pública de igualdad de género diseñada para promover cambios culturales en las organizaciones. Esta u otra herramienta auditable podría convertirse en un pilar fundamental de una política pública de igualdad en la ciencia. </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In Uruguay, global participation of women in research is equal, although they do not have equal participation in decision-making spaces. Here I report inidcators that show a gap in women participation and visibilize a gender equality problem in science and academia. The consequences and causes of this problem are analyzed and guidelines are proposed for a public equality policy focused on addressing the strategic gender needs. Finally, I describe the experience of a research institute with the application of a gender equality public policy tool designed to promote and bring about cultural changes in organizations. This or a similar auditable tool could become a fundamental pillar for a public policy of equality in science.</p>

Education and Labor Market Participation of Women in Asia: Evidence from Five Countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Cameron ◽  
J. Malcolm Dowling ◽  
Christopher Worswick
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women

Influence of Gender Inequality in Employment and Inequal Employment Opportunities on Women's participation in the Saudi Labor Market during (2010- 2020): تأثير عدم المساواة بين الجنسين في التوظيف وتكافؤ الفرص الوظيفية على مشاركة المرأة في سوق العمل السعودي خلال الفترة 2010- 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 173-157
Author(s):  
Abeer Kamel Alfarran Abeer Kamel Alfarran
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Participation Of Women

The study aimed at identify the influence of gender inequality in employment and inequal employment opportunities on women's participation in the Saudi labor market. The importance of the study lies in addressing the scientific gap due to the lack of previous scientific studies, which dealt with gender inequality and the extent of their impact on women's participation in the Saudi labor market. Moreover, to documenting and evaluating the legal reforms and regulations of the Saudi labor market that aimed to reduce the gender inequality in employment and inequal employment opportunities. The researcher used the relational research method based on hypotheses, which depends on an in-depth review and compilation of evidence from previous secondary sources during (2010-2020), related to the study problem. For data analysis, the researcher used (EViews software), and performed statistical treatments using the Victor autoregressive (VAR) model. The study found that gender inequality in employment and equal employment opportunities cause about 30% of the low participation of women in the Saudi labor market. The study recommended passing clear, explicit and binding legislation related to both employment and job opportunities on an equal footing for both genders.    

scholarly journals Structural Unemployment in Luxembourg

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (243) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Gbohoui
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Structural Unemployment ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Work Disincentives ◽  
Benefit System

This paper combines both micro and macro approaches to identify the drivers of (un)employment and inactivity in Luxembourg. The young, low-skilled, and non-EU migrants are found to be the most vulnerable groups in the labor market. In addition to skills mismatches, work disincentives embedded in the tax-benefit system constitute a factor explaining structural unemployment. High unemployment of young and low-skilled workers reflects substantial unemployment traps, while disincentives for second earners (respectively the generosity of the pension system) contribute to lower labor market participation of women (respectively seniors). Further reduction of structural unemployment requires better integration of vulnerable groups into the labor market and improved targeting of benefits to make work more rewarding.

Evolution of the Employment Gender Inequality

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Marina Faďoš ◽  
Mária Bohdalová
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Employment Inequality

Participation of women on the labor market and in employment increased in the recent years, while men seem to be pulling out of the labor force. This is not true for all countries. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview and a comparison of gender employment inequality and the relation with policy implications. The authors have found evidence, based on data, of the opposite behavior. When gender inequality is mentioned, people usually depict women being at a disadvantage. Although this is true for many countries, there are also countries where women are better positioned in the labor market than men. However, this also depends on such characteristics as age, education, and economic sector. Policy implications were proposed based on the obtained findings of this chapter.

scholarly journals A PERMANÊNCIA DAS DESIGUALDADES DE SEXO NA FORMAÇÃO DE TÉCNICOS DE NÍVEL MÉDIO NO BRASIL

Revista Labor ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Liliane Bordignon
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
De Se ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Statistics ◽  
Using Data

RESUMOO artigo analisa a participação de mulheres em cursos técnicos de nível médio no Brasil a partir de estatísticas educacionais extraídas do Censo Escolar MEC/INEP (2011-2013). Parte-se do pressuposto de que no Brasil as barreiras jurídicas e políticas que impediam as mulheres de frequentarem cursos profissionalizantes ou mesmo de se escolarizar já não são a causa da desigual participação de ambos os sexos em cursos técnicos de nível médio como mecânica, mecatrônica, eletroeletrônica, etc. A profissionalização está aberta juridicamente à “livre escolha” dos indivíduos e muito já se avançou quanto a escolarização das mulheres no ensino técnico, principalmente nas últimas quatro décadas. No entanto, a baixa frequência de mulheres em cursos tradicionais permanece e mostra a latência da desigualdade de sexo na formação profissional. A análise dos dados extraídos do Censo Escolar mostra  a permanência das desigualdades de sexo nos cursos técnicos tradicionais (mecânica, eletroeletrônica, etc.) e contribuem para a elaboração de um quadro sobre a presença das mulheres no ensino técnico. As diferentes escolhas profissionais parecem ser orientadas pela posição das distintas carreiras na hierarquia do trabalho, historicamente classificadas entre “femininas” e “masculinas” e estão relacionadas aos “papéis” que cada sexo assume na família e na sociedade. ABSTRACTThe paper analyzes the participation of women in technical courses in Brazil using data from the official education statistics (School Census MEC/INEP – 2011-2013). The assumption was that the Brazilian legal and political barriers that usually difficult women to attend to professionalizing courses or to be educated are not actually the cause of the gender inequality found in technical courses such as mechanics, mechatronics, and electroelectronics. The professionalization is legally open for the “free choice” of individuals, and much has been achieved in relation to women’s education in technical courses, mainly in the last four decades. However, there is still a low frequency of women in these technical courses, which shows the latency of gender inequality in professional education. The analysis of the data from the School Census shows that gender inequality remains present nowadays in traditional technical courses (e.g., mechanics, mechatronics, and electroelectronics) and contributed to develop a picture on the presence of women in technical courses. Different professional choices are, in general, leaded by the different positions of professional careers in the world, which are historically classified as “feminine” and “masculine”, based on the “roles” of each gender in a family unit or in the society.

Percepción de la Población Pobre de Santiago sobre el Mercado Laboral en Chile al año 2011 y evolución desde el año 2003

Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (31) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Marcelo Yáñez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Unemployment ◽  
Poor Population

RESUMENEl artículo muestra los principales resultados de la investigación Percepción de la Población Pobre de Santiago sobre el Mercado Laboral en Chile, realizada durante 9 años consecutivos desde 2003, por la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. El estudio incluye antecedentes sobre las concepciones de empleo y desempleo de este grupo de la población, así como la identificación de quienes –a su juicio– serían los responsables de que las personas pobres obtengan un trabajo y la calificación que le asignan a su gestión. También contempla sus percepciones en torno al apoyo del Estado, nivel de desempleo, influencia del capital social, respeto por los trabajadores, igualdad de oportunidades, poder de los sindicatos, entre otros aspectos, además del nivel de desempleo familiar y tipo de problemas laborales que han enfrentado.Palabras clave: mercado laboral, pobreza, percepciones, equidad.Este estudio ha sido realizado en el contexto de la investigación “Percepción de la población pobre de Santiago sobre las condiciones de acceso, equidad y satisfacción en la obtención de bienes básicos y públicos – año 2011: visión evolutiva desde el año 2003”, que es parte del Programa de Investigación de la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la UCSH. Esta investigación ha sido financiada desde sus inicios y en su totalidad con fondos propios de esta Universidad.Perception of the Poor Population from Santiago of The Labor Market in Chile in the year 2011 and evolution from 2003ABSTRACTThe paper shows the main results of a long-term investigation on the perceptions of the poor of Santiago of the labor market in Chile, which began in 2003 and was carried out by the School of Management and Economics at the Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. The study includes background on the concepts of employment and unemployment in this group of the population, and the identification of those who, in his opinion, would be responsible for the poor to get a job and the rating assigned to their management. It also includes their perceptions of the support of the state, unemployment, social capital influence, respect for workers, equal opportunities, union power, among other things, besides the level of unemployment and type of family labor problems they have faced.Keywords: labor market, poverty, perceptions, equity.

Instrumenty polityki równości płci w kontekście sytuacji w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Domagała
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Nations

The article undertakes the issue of gender equality policies in the context of its indicators. The main purpose of the paper is to identify the areas of gender inequality, its scale and determinants. Firstly, the article presents the legislation of gender equality policies – its main objectives. Next, the paper discusses indicators that were implemented by organisations such as the Organisation of the United Nations and the European Union. These selected indicators are presented, taking into account the situation in Poland. In conclusion, the paper highlights the main obstacles to the pursuit of equal opportunities for women and men in Poland.

Business management in the light of cultural diversity in the labor market

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
René Pawera ◽  
Monika Lavrovičová ◽  
Lucia Húsenicová
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Labor Market Inequality

An important element of the management of modern companies and organizations is the proper use of diversity management and equal opportunities, aimed at eliminating discrimination in the labor market. The paper summarizes the starting points for these processes in the labor market. It describes the tendencies of the development of the solved problem in the context of the labor market conditions of the Slovak Republic. Key words: labor market inequality, equal opportunities management, diversity management

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