Percepción de la Población Pobre de Santiago sobre el Mercado Laboral en Chile al año 2011 y evolución desde el año 2003

Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (31) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Marcelo Yáñez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Unemployment ◽  
Poor Population

RESUMENEl artículo muestra los principales resultados de la investigación Percepción de la Población Pobre de Santiago sobre el Mercado Laboral en Chile, realizada durante 9 años consecutivos desde 2003, por la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. El estudio incluye antecedentes sobre las concepciones de empleo y desempleo de este grupo de la población, así como la identificación de quienes –a su juicio– serían los responsables de que las personas pobres obtengan un trabajo y la calificación que le asignan a su gestión. También contempla sus percepciones en torno al apoyo del Estado, nivel de desempleo, influencia del capital social, respeto por los trabajadores, igualdad de oportunidades, poder de los sindicatos, entre otros aspectos, además del nivel de desempleo familiar y tipo de problemas laborales que han enfrentado.Palabras clave: mercado laboral, pobreza, percepciones, equidad.Este estudio ha sido realizado en el contexto de la investigación “Percepción de la población pobre de Santiago sobre las condiciones de acceso, equidad y satisfacción en la obtención de bienes básicos y públicos – año 2011: visión evolutiva desde el año 2003”, que es parte del Programa de Investigación de la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la UCSH. Esta investigación ha sido financiada desde sus inicios y en su totalidad con fondos propios de esta Universidad.Perception of the Poor Population from Santiago of The Labor Market in Chile in the year 2011 and evolution from 2003ABSTRACTThe paper shows the main results of a long-term investigation on the perceptions of the poor of Santiago of the labor market in Chile, which began in 2003 and was carried out by the School of Management and Economics at the Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. The study includes background on the concepts of employment and unemployment in this group of the population, and the identification of those who, in his opinion, would be responsible for the poor to get a job and the rating assigned to their management. It also includes their perceptions of the support of the state, unemployment, social capital influence, respect for workers, equal opportunities, union power, among other things, besides the level of unemployment and type of family labor problems they have faced.Keywords: labor market, poverty, perceptions, equity.

scholarly journals Institutional factors creating labor market in Poland: the case of social capital

Catallaxy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Grabowska-Powaga ◽  
Monika Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Desk Research

Motivation: Labor market in Poland has been affected by many institutional factors. One of them is social capital, which can be an advantage for its development It influences the ability among the market entities to cooperate with each other and to create their competitiveness on the market. The lack of social capital causes many disadvantages like the lack of ability to cooperate between different actors. That is why strong social capital is a challenge to build long term relations on the labor market. Low social capital or its lack is a barrier in country?s development, weakens the markets, makes the markets impossible to improve in quality. On the basis of the above premises the main hypothesis of the paper claims, that the main barrier which limits the ability among different actors to create social capital on labor market in Poland is low level of trust to each other. Aim: The main cognitive aim of this article is to describe the conducted primary research and identify determinants, especially threats and barriers on labor market in Poland in the points of views of different participants who take part in interactions with the other actors on the labor market (entrepreneurs, employees, employers). Materials and methods: The research had a character of preliminary study. The main research methods used in this article include desk research and primary research with Individual In-Depth Interviews (IDI method) which were conducted among Polish entrepreneurs from March till June 2018 and from October till January 2019. Results: The Respondents, who took part in the research underlined the importance of cooperation and social capital, but they also mentioned about barriers which reduce the level of cooperation and ability to create social capital.

scholarly journals Lecciones de la pandemia para el desarrollo local

2021 ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Julia Salom Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
The Impact

Resumen: Con ocasión de la crisis del COVID-19 se han publicado distintos análisis y reflexiones sobre el impacto que ésta puede tener sobre sobre la forma y la dinámica territorial a medio y largo plazo, así como sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo de los distintos territorios. Muchos de ellos subrayan la oportunidad que la crisis puede representar para reconsiderar drásticamente, desde cero, el paradigma actual de producción y consumo, así como el modelo territorial predominante. Aunque la duración temporal de la crisis sanitaria es un factor fundamental en la consolidación de estas nuevas tendencias, la situación actual y evolución probable de la pandemia a escala global nos lleva a afirmar que, hasta cierto punto “la vida después del COVID-19” será “la vida con COVID-19” (OCDE, 2020), de ahí la necesidad de reflexionar sobre las consecuencias a largo plazo, y de proponer un nuevo enfoque de desarrollo territorial que tenga en cuenta las diferentes necesidades y los cambios planteados por el nuevo contexto. En las páginas siguientes recogemos algunas de las ideas principales de estas aportaciones, centrando el análisis en algunos de los temas más estrechamente relacionados con el paradigma del desarrollo local: las economías locales, la sostenibilidad ambiental y social, el modelo territorial y la formación del capital social.   Palabras clave: COVID-19, desarrollo local,” Economía Fundamental”, cambio productivo, forma urbana, capital social.   Abstract: With the COVID-19 crisis, various analyses and reflections have been published on the impact it may have on the shape and dynamics of the territory in the medium and long term, as well as on the development possibilities of the different territories. Many of them underline the opportunity that the crisis may represent to drastically reconsider, from scratch, the current paradigm of production and consumption, as well as the predominant territorial model. Although the temporal duration of the health crisis is a fundamental factor in the consolidation of these new trends, the current situation and probable evolution of the pandemic on a global scale leads us to affirm that, to a certain extent, "life after COVID-19" will be "life with COVID-19" (OECD, 2020), hence the need to reflect on the long-term consequences, and to propose a new territorial development approach that takes into account the different needs and changes posed by the new context. In the following pages we gather some of the main ideas of these contributions, focusing the analysis on some of the issues most closely related to the local development paradigm: local economies, environmental and social sustainability, the territorial model and the formation of social capital.   Keywords: COVID-19, local development, “Basic Economy”, productive change, urban form, social capital.

scholarly journals “Health For All”. The Medical System in Wallachia Under Protomedicus Nicolae Gussi 1848-1859

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-272
Author(s):  
Lidia Trausan-Matu
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Increase Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Reform Project ◽  
Poor Population

The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of the evolution of the medical system in Wallachia between 1840 and 1860 and the very important role of physician Nicolae Gussi (1802-1869), protomedicus of Wallachia between 1840 and 1859, to transform medicine into a modern public service, accessible to the entire population. Particularly, we will refer to the medical reform project of 1853, which Gussi implemented during the time he headed the medical-sanitary administration. We will insist on the details of the project because it was designed to create a network of county hospitals that would improve the health of the population and, in the medium and long term, would reduce mortality and increase life expectancy. Another dimension of the study aims at the tenure of physicians in county hospitals and describes the medical services they provided to patients, particularly from the poor population.

Identity capital, social capital and the wider benefits of learning: generating resources facilitative of social cohesion

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Choice Making ◽  
Capital Building ◽  
Life Courses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Late Modern

This paper reviews theory and research pertaining to the acquisition of identity capital and social capital, and applies it to the changing nature of learning in late-modern societies, where the ability to undertake individualized life courses is becoming an increasingly important divide in the fortunes of the young as they make their way to adulthood. The identity capital model is elaborated in terms of the importance now placed on choice-making in managing the individualization process and balancing the immediate appeal of default individualization with the long-term gains of developmental individualization. This model points toward the need to institute an 'education for choice' in curricula to enhance the wider benefits of learning for both the individual, in terms of identity capital accumulation, and for the community with respect to intergenerational social capital building.

Personas pobres de Santiago y su percepción sobre el mercado laboral en Chile al año 2013 y su evolución desde 2003

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Marcelo Yáñez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Random Samples

RESUMEN El artículo presenta los principales resultados de la investigación realizada durante 11 años consecutivos por la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, denominada “Percepción de la población pobre de Santiago sobre el mercado laboral en Chile”. El estudio, que se basa en encuestas aplicadas en hogares a muestras aleatorias cada año, incluye la indagación en el concepto de empleo y desempleo de este grupo de la población, así como la identificación de quienes –según ellos– serían los responsables de que las personas pobres obtengan un trabajo y la nota que le asignan a su gestión. Además, se miden sus percepciones respecto al rol del Estado en este tema, el nivel de desempleo, la influencia del capital social, el respeto por los trabajadores, la igualdad de oportunidades y el poder de los sindicatos, además de diversos aspectos que se encuentran en proceso de cambios legales sobre derechos de los trabajadores.Palabras clave: mercado laboral, pobreza, percepciones, acceso, equidad, satisfacción.Poor people in Santiago and their percetion of the labor market in Chile in 2013 and its evolution since 2003 ABSTRACTThe article presents the main results of a research conducted during eleven consecutive years by the Catholic University Silva Henriquez, called “Perception of poor people on the labor market in Santiago in Chile.” The study, based on household surveys at random samples applied every year, includes inquiries into the concept of employment and unemployment for this population group and the identification of the responsible for the poor people getting a job and the score assigned to their labor. Moreover, it measures perceptions related to the role of the State in this matter, the unemployment level, influences of social capital, the respect for workers, equal opportunities and the power of unions, as well as various aspects found in the process of legal changes on workers’ rights.Keywords: labor market, poverty, perceptions, access, equity, satisfaction.Pessoas pobres de Santiago e sua percepção do mercado de trabalho no Chile ao ano 2013 e sua evolução desde 2003 RESUMO O artigo apresenta os principais resultados da pesquisa realizada durante 11 anos consecutivos pela Universidade Católica Silva Henríquez, denominada «Percepção da população pobre de Santiago sobre o mercado de trabalho no Chile.» O estudo, baseado em pesquisas aplicadas em lares com amostras aleatórias cada ano, inclui a investigação sobre o conceito de emprego e desemprego deste grupo da população, assim como a identificação de quem – segundo eles- seriam os responsáveis de que as pessoas pobres obtenham um emprego e a qualificação que lhe atribuem a sua gestão. Além disso, as percepções são medidas em relação ao papel do Estado nesta questão, o nível de desemprego, a influência do capital social, o respeito pelos trabalhadores, a igualdade de oportunidades e o poder dos sindicatos, além de diversos aspectos encontrados no processo de mudanças legais sobre os direitos dos trabalhadores.Palavras-chave: mercado de trabalho, pobreza, percepções, acesso, equidade, satisfação.

scholarly journals Pobreza extrema e seus tríplices fundamentos: profundidade, persistência e multiplicidade

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izete Pengo Bagolin ◽  
Rodrigo Peres de Ávila ◽  
Flavio Vasconcellos Comim
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Poor

O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com o debate conceitual sobre pobreza extrema e propor a incorporação de novos elementos para a compreensãodesse complexo fenômeno. A inexistência de clareza sobre o que é e como se mede pobreza extrema é um fato que continua a desafiar os pesquisadores. Além disso,e apesar dos avanços, as contribuições disponíveis, na sua maioria, não contemplam o processo conhecido como razão pública. Este artigo apresenta um diferencial nesteaspecto, combinando elementos do debate corrente na literatura com resultados de uma pesquisa de campo que, dentre outras inovações, definiu as dimensões dapobreza a serem investigas ouvindo os pobres. Os resultados mostram que pobreza extrema está muito longe de ser apenas uma questão de intensidade na privação do acesso a recursos para sobrevivência. A pobreza extrema congrega características deintensidade, persistência e multiplicidade. Os resultados econométricos evidenciaram que o capital social, renda e escolaridade são as dimensões mais importantes paracaracterizar os pobres extremos.Extreme poverty and its triple foundation: depth, persistence and multiplicityAbstract:The paper aims to contribute to the discussion on extreme poverty conceptualization and measurement of its dimensions and manifestations. It is widely known that there is no agreement about the conceptualization of extremepoverty. The literature goes from the traditional measures which are based on lack of income to the more sophisticated definitions using deprivation of basic capabilities and fundamental human rights. However, the majority of the concepts available in the literature are based on ideas and knowledge of the researchers and experts without any participation from the poor and extremely poor people.Our contribution in this paper is to put together the evolving debate from the literature and the results from a survey carried out in Porto Alegre (Brazil) during 2007. The results from the two stage questionnaire shows that that extreme poverty is far more complex than the lack of basic resources to survive, and the majority of poor people in Porto Alegre faced some of the extreme poverty characteristics duringtheir life. The econometric results point out social capital, income and schooling as important variables to explain extreme poverty.Key-words: extreme poverty, capability, multidimensionality.JEL: I32; I39.

Paradoxes of reservation wage setting in the Russian labor market. Part I

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov ◽  
A. Lukyanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reservation Wage ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Reservation Wages ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Objective Indicators

Using panel data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for 2006-2014, the paper investigates reservation wages setting in the Russian labor market. The sample includes non-employed individuals wishing to get a job (both searchers and non-searchers). The first part of the paper provides a survey of previous empirical studies, describes data and analyzes subjective estimates of reservation wages in comparison with various objective indicators of actual wages. The analysis shows that wage aspirations of the majority of Russian non-employed individuals are overstated. However their wage expectations are rather flexible and decrease rapidly as the search continues that prevents high long-term unemployment. The second part of the paper provides an econometric analysis of main determinants of reservation wage and its impact on probability of re-employment and wages on searchers’ new jobs.

DIGITALIZATION OF LABOR MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UZBEKISTAN. WORLD EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Sulkhiya Gazieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Digital Logic ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Future

The future of labor market depends upon several factors, long-term innovation and the demographic developments. However, one of the main drivers of technological change in the future is digitalization and central to this development is the production and use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies, including the computer,the smart phone and the Internet. Especially, smart automation will perhaps not cause e.g.regarding industries, occupations, skills, tasks and duties

Business management in the light of cultural diversity in the labor market

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
René Pawera ◽  
Monika Lavrovičová ◽  
Lucia Húsenicová
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Labor Market Inequality

An important element of the management of modern companies and organizations is the proper use of diversity management and equal opportunities, aimed at eliminating discrimination in the labor market. The paper summarizes the starting points for these processes in the labor market. It describes the tendencies of the development of the solved problem in the context of the labor market conditions of the Slovak Republic. Key words: labor market inequality, equal opportunities management, diversity management

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