scholarly journals The Image of Russia in the Spanish Historical Diplomatic Discourse of the Second Half of the 18th Century: Frame Modelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ol’ga V. Neshkes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Spanish Archives ◽  
State Rights ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Given ◽  
Resources Planning

Frame modelling has been widely used to analyse various types of discourse; however, the historical and diplomatic discourse remained beyond the purview of special studies until recently. This paper aimed to consider the linguopragmatic and ontological characteristics of the image of Russia in the Spanish historical and diplomatic discourse of the second half of the 18th century from the perspective of frame modelling. An interdisciplinary approach was applied, including the methods of comparative, lexicosemantic, discourse, and frame analysis. The frame “Russia” modelled by the author on the basis of the prototypical frame “state” represents linguistic units that actualize the image of Russia in the discourse under study as well as changes in this image that occurred during the given historical period. The material included 84 historical documents from Spanish archives, namely, official diplomatic correspondence dating back to the period of exploration of the New World by Russia and Spain and consolidation of their state rights on this territory. The studied correspondence, consisting of reports of Spanish envoys to Russia, letters of governors of New Spain and diaries of Spanish seafarers, is one of the main sources of the formation of the image of Russia as part of the Spanish linguistic worldview of the 18th century. Based on the semantic, discourse and frame analysis of Spanish diplomatic documents of the second half of the 18th century, it is concluded that the image of Russia in the Spanish linguistic worldview is rather ambiguous: Russia is portrayed as a large empire with rich land and human resources planning expansion into North America, while having corrupt officials and an uncivilized indigenous population in Eastern Siberia. The results of this study can be of interest to linguists, historians and diplomatic officials.

Ahiolohiya poetychnoyi zbirky Lazarya Baranovycha Żywoty świętych (1670)

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Olena Ruda
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Poetry Collection

The purpose of the article is the analysis of hagiology in Lazar Baranovych’s poetry collection entitled Żywoty świętych (1670). This includes the fulfi lment of such tasks: 1) To enumerate the saints mentioned in the poetry collection; 2) To determine to which church/epoch/place of worship or order of sainthood they belong; 3) To determine how full the saints’ details of biography are refl ected in the poetry collection mentioned above; 4) To understand Lazar Baranovych’s view on the topic of diff erent kinds of sainthood clearly; 5) To measure the actuality of his views given the context of the 18th century Ukraine. The results of the research are shared in the given article, showing how exactly Lazar Baranovych defi ned for himself the concept of the sainthood at the fi rst place. They also tell us about his views on the call for monkhood and family life and help us to reconstruct the images of the ideal spiritual shepherd, female Christian etc.

Austria inventa?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Schennach
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Legal Construction ◽  
Internal Integration ◽  
The One ◽  
State Rights

This is the first work of its kind devoted to Austrian constitutional law, which has so far received little attention in (legal) historical research. It examines its origins, its authors, its connection with the “Reichspublizistik”, its sources and methods as well as its contents and, last but not least, its role in university teaching. Of all the particular state rights in the Holy Roman Empire, its subject was probably the one most intensively discussed. In the second half of the 18th century, Austrian constitutional law was a flourishing genre of literature promoted by the Habsburg dynasty. This is accounted for by its main themes: It flanked the process of internal integration of the heterogeneous Habsburg ruling complex and aimed at the discursive and legal construction of an Austrian state as a whole and the legitimation of absolutism.

Popular Song in the Age of Louis XIV

Music ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Romey
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Audience Participation ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Popular Songs

Across early modern Europe popular tunes functioned as canvases for new texts and they served thereby as a tool for oral and written communication. Song enabled literate, semiliterate, and illiterate members of the population to participate in the circulation of news, gossip, and rumors and to mock both current events and individuals through satire. When performed, songs also encouraged audience participation when a tune had a refrain. In France in the 17th and 18th centuries, popular songs, often referred to as vaudevilles or pont-neufs, permeated urban and rural soundscapes. Popular tunes played an important social role in the lives of individuals from all social spheres, from singers begging for donations in the streets to members of fashionable Parisian society who gathered at salons and at the court. Mondains, members of fashionable society who frequently had literary pretensions, composed and preserved (in manuscripts, known today as chansonniers, as well as in printed publications) song texts that circulated between friends, acquaintances, and in the streets. Vaudevilles became associated with the Pont-Neuf, a spacious “new” bridge that functioned as a central thoroughfare but also a public space in which Parisians came to shop, hear the latest gossip, and be entertained by charlatans, street singers, and itinerant actors. Popular song also flourished in close connection to theater, and in the late 17th century popular songs began to play an increasingly prominent role in the Parisian theaters, namely the Comédie-Italienne and the Comédie-Française. By the early 18th century, comic opera (opéra-comique) emerged as a flexible satirical genre of popular theater. In this genre, which at first intermingled sung tunes with spoken prose, vaudevilles served as musical and structural building blocks and enabled audience participation in a manner similar to street performances. Besides the use of vaudevilles, early French comic operas continued the tradition developed in street song and in the late-17th-century theaters of parodying operas and opera airs. Some airs from Jean-Baptiste Lully’s ballets and operas, for example, became vaudevilles and survive with many new texts intended to be sung to simplified versions of his melodies. People from all social ranks, including street performers, servants, salonnières, courtiers, playwrights, and actors created and performed these parodic songs. When we discuss a body of popular songs during the reign of Louis XIV, then, we must imagine a constantly changing repertory that absorbed any tune that was, in contemporary parlance, “in the mouths” of the population. The study of French popular song, therefore, requires a broad interdisciplinary approach.

scholarly journals Un sermón de Juan José de Eguiara y Eguren sobre san José: La congregación de todos los ángeles y hombres santos excedida por san José (Manuscrito 760 de la Biblioteca Nacional de México)

(an)ecdótica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Ana Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Great Care ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The One

The illustrious 18th century bibliographer, theologian, preacher and professor Juan José de Eguiara y Eguren, wrote and preached approximately 212 sermons and talks which have been preserved in manuscript form in the Biblioteca Nacional de México. Despite the fact that these texts account for almost half of this author’s written work, we are only aware of the publication of 10 of his sermons. We may find this surprising when we consider, on the one hand, the literary and cultural transcendence of the genre of the sermon during the Colonial period and, on the other, the great care that Eguiara dedicated to the composition, correction and transcription of many of these pieces of writing. In this article, I present the edition of the first part of a manuscript sermon by Eguiara dedicated to St. Joseph, to whom the author seemed to show particular devotion, as I intend to demonstrate, based on the work and on the cultural and religious context of the historical period. I also propose here that this relatively extensive piece of writing complies with the formal characteristics of an “academic sermon,” insofar as we may speak of such a type of sermon in the 18th century. We know that Eguiara’s sermon about St. Joseph was preached during the second quarter of the century, on a more or less solemn occasion, though we do not know where; I shall propose some options regarding possible locations. We also know that Eguiara considered this sermon to be ready to go to press, both because of his clearly stated indication thereof and because of the attention given to the style and the structure of the work. It was carefully copied by an amanuensis and has corrections and additions by Eguiara; it was bound along with 9 other booklets containing other sermons about saints.

scholarly journals How patents became documents, or dreaming of technoscientific order, 1895-1937

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hemmungs Wirtén
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
History Of Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how the documentation movement associated with the utopian thinkers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine relied on patent offices as well as the documents most closely associated with this institutional setting – the patents themselves – as central to the formation of the document category. The main argument is that patents not only were subjected to and helped construct, but also in fact engineered the development of technoscientific order during 1895–1937. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on an interdisciplinary approach to intellectual property, document theory and insights from media archeology. Focused on the historical period 1895–1937, this study allows for an analysis that encapsulates and accounts for change in a number of comparative areas, moving from bibliography to documentation and from scientific to technoscientific order. Primary sources include Paul Otlet’s own writings, relevant contemporary sources from the French documentation movement and the Congrès Mondial de la documentation universelle in 1937. Findings By understanding patent offices and patents as main drivers behind those processes of sorting and classification that constitute technoscientific order, this explorative paper provides a new analytical framework for the study of intellectual property in relation to the history of information and documentation. It argues that the idea of the document may serve to rethink the role of the patent in technoscience, offering suggestions for new and underexplored venues of research in the nexus of several overlapping research fields, from law to information studies. Originality/value Debates over the legitimacy and rationale of intellectual property have raged for many years without signs of abating. Universities, research centers, policy makers, editors and scholars, research funders, governments, libraries and archives all have things to say on the legitimacy of the patent system, its relation to innovation and the appropriate role of intellectual property in research and science, milieus that are of central importance in the knowledge-based economy. The value of this paper lies in proposing a new way to approach patents that could show a way out of the current analytical gridlock of either/or that for many years has earmarked the “openness-enclosure” dichotomy. The combination of intellectual property scholarship and documentation theory provides important new insight into the historical networks and processes by which patents and documents have consolidated and converged during the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Stolen wealth, perpetrators and punishments in Moldova (17th century – early 18th century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Cătălina Chelcu
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blood Money ◽  
Early 18Th Century

For the historical period we refer to, no proper inventories have been made containing the unjustly appropriated goods. They are just mentioned as such or listed, if that was the case, according to the size of the damage. There are also documentary sources in which the object of the theft is less represented, the justice system focusing in those cases rather on the wrongdoers, than on the wrong actions. That is why, the blood money “paid for some reason”, with no other specific details, is quite frequently cited. Rare or frequent, these documents are complaints addressed by the victim to the Prince and his officials, documents in which the perpetrators admitted their fault, or deeds issued by the judicial authority subsequent to the investigation of the criminal act. In discussing the theft of/from the wealth, i.e. from the whole amount of the available goods, we are interested in clarifying some aspects pertaining to a reality that the historian should reconstruct, with all the complexity of its evolution: the motivations of the theft and its circumstances, the types of theft, the social categories involved, the time and space of the misdemeanour, the perpetrators’ punishment. Briefly, the study is about starting to write a history of the reprehensible acts liable to punishments for theft and robbery in 17th and early 18th century Moldavia.

scholarly journals Management and communication ideas in the late 17th – early 19th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Denis Kislov
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
John Locke ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
World Order ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Government

The article examines the period from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 19th century, when on the basis of deep philosophical concepts, a new vision of the development of statehood and human values raised. At this time, a certain re-thinking of the management and communication ideas of Antiquity and the Renaissance took place, which outlined the main promising trends in the statehood evolution, which to one degree or another were embodied in practice in the 19th and 20th centuries. A systematic approach and a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of those years achievements for the present and the immediate future of the 21st century served as the methodological basis for a comprehensive review of the studies of that period. The scientific novelty of this study is the demonstration of the theoretical heritage complexity of the Enlightenment for the general history of management and communication ideas. The article presents an analysis of the views and concepts of the late 17th – early 18th century thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, who defend the right to freedom of communication and liberalization of relationships in the system: “person – society – state”, associated with their own understanding of the government role. French enlighteners François Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Jean d'Alembert, Etienne Condillac were much smaller theorists in management and communication issues, but their successful epistolary and encyclopedic communication practice, starting from the third decade of the XVIII century significantly increased the self-awareness of the masses. The influence of their ideas on the possibility of progressive development of social relations, on improving the national states manageability and on how of a new type scientists were able not only to popularize knowledge, but also to practically make it an object of public communication is shown. In this context, the author considers the importance of political and legal communication problems in the vision of Charles Louis Montesquieu and analyzes the republican governance ideas by Jean-Jacques Rousseau as an outstanding figure of the Enlightenment, who attached great importance to the forms and methods of forming of the state governance structures. At the end of the historical period under consideration, a comparative historical analysis of the most significant statements of such thinkers as Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel is presented. These founders of the scientific discourse around the problems of power and state, war and peace, the effectiveness of government and communication in relations with the people laid the enduring foundations of the theoretical argumentation of two opposing views on the cardinal problem of our time – the possibility or impossibility of achieving mutually acceptable foundations of a new world order peacefully, excluding all types of hybrid wars. The general picture of the scientific and technological achievements of this period, influencing the level of understanding of the management and communication functions of the state of that time, is given in comparison with the present.

scholarly journals “Family. Oh! The Family!” – Portrayals of Family as an Educational Environment in Selected Literary Works from the 19th And 20th Centuries

Pedagogika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Kamila Gandecka
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Family ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

The family, as the basic microstructure of social life, constitutes, at the very least by supposition, the first and foremost educational environment of a child; an environment which should correspond to the child’s natural needs, especially psychological ones, such as the need for love, unconditional acceptance, the need for respect and recognition, activity, independence, and self-realization [9]. This why M. Lukšienė states, “A good family home is the basis of human physical and spiritual life; it guarantees one’s efficient, creative activity”. The parents’ worldview plays an important role in education, providing an answer to the fundamental questions concerning our existence: Who am I? What sense does my life have? What is the goal of my life? What ideals and rules of action do I represent? What is the world and my place within it? Undoubtedly, a variety of factors affect the shaping of a young person’s worldview, among them school, religion, ideology, the level of social development, social organization, the particular historical period in which the person lives, as well as certain individual psychological predispositions. Nevertheless, parents have always played the pivotal role in the shaping of children’s worldview. Parents prepare their children for an independent life in society by teaching them values, norms, models of behavior, and cultural customs. In this way, parents fulfil their function as a microstructure, fulfilling aims that support the macrostructure. Beginning with the second half of the 19th century, the notion of the family becomes one of the main themes in Polish literature, appearing in the works of such authors as Bolesław Prus, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Eliza Orzeszkowa, Stefan Żeromski, Władysław Reymont, and Maria Konopnicka. Moreover, the literary representation of the family as an educational environment of a child is also often evoked in the theoretical musings of professionals in the field of education. Thse professionals include Helena Radlińska, Jerzy Ostrowski, Janusz Korczak, and Aleksandra Kamiński. In conclusion, the broadly defined notion of family is, without question, universal and timeless. As an area of scholarly inquiry, it requires an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses all possible perspectives.

scholarly journals The Text-Organizing Function of Compression in English Scientific Discourse

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (16)) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Astghik Chubaryan ◽  
Lilit Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Text Compression ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Given

English scientific discourse can be characterized as a key area of the economy principle realization in the form of text compression. The latter carries out a major text-organizing function due to its potential to form implicit meanings and presuppositions thereby minimizing the use of linguistic units while enhancing the informativity of the text. Thus, the given paper is an attempt to provide a general overview of the role of compression in the production of scientific discourse by examining its concrete manifestations at the syntactic and semantic-cognitive levels in the light of some key pragmatic parameters of communication.

scholarly journals On the Functional-Communicative Aspect of Literary Texts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 (8)) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Mariana Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Given ◽  
Common Function

The present article attempts to provide grounds for the idea that a literary text is first and foremost a means of establishing communicative links between the reader and the author. All linguistic units used in the text by the author are interconnected by a common function, i.e. promoting the awareness of the reader which, in its turn, contributes to the comprehensive perception of the given text.

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