Management Decisions in the Russian Military Education System: Socio-Humanitarian aspect (second half of the XIX – early XX centuries)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Д. Половецкий
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Xix Century

в статье обосновывается объективная необходимость изменения системы управления военным образованием в рамках проведения военной реформы второй половины XIX века. Проводимые мероприятия опирались на достижения русской педагогической мысли и военной педагогики. Комплекс управленческих решений был теоретически обоснованным, проводился последовательно и поступательно, до достижения необходимого положительного результата. Решить масштабные и сложные задачи оптимизации процесса военного образования было бы невозможно без усиления внимания к социально-гуманитарным дисциплинам, преподаваемых в военно-учебных заведениях. Накопленный исторический опыт реализации принятых управленческих решений актуален и востребован в настоящее время. the article substantiates the objective need to change the management system of military education in the framework of military reform in the second half of the XIX century. The events were based on the achievements of Russian pedagogical thought and military pedagogy. It is emphasized that the complex of management decisions was theoretically justified, carried out consistently and progressively, until the necessary positive result was achieved. It would be impossible to solve these large–scale and complex tasks of optimizing the process of military education without increasing attention to the social and humanitarian disciplines taught in military educational institutions. The accumulated historical experience of implementing management decisions is relevant and may be in demand at the present time.

scholarly journals Socio-economic inequality: essence, cyclicality of the dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Vasylyna Podliesna ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Four Horsemen ◽  
Xix Century

The article considers socio-economic inequality as a social phenomenon inherent in all historical forms of society, which is characterized by the exploitation of wide circles of population by the elite. It is generated by the basic economic law of each historical form of antagonistic society and is expressed in the periodic aggravation of class contradictions. The most important component of social inequality in capitalist society is economic inequality. There is a relationship between the economic growth and inequality of income that S. Kuznets was one of the first to prove. P. Sorokin, justifying the hypothesis of the cyclicality of fluctuations in the average level of welfare and income within a certain society, appealed to the existence of "small business cycles", and explained by the existence of Kondratiev waves the tendency towards the increase in the average level of income and welfare, manifested in the second half of XIX century in some countries. The author analyzes the close relationship between the dynamics of inequality and social processes, whose driving force is violence – "four horsemen of the equalization": the war with mass mobilization, the transformational revolution, the decay of the state and the lethal pandemic, – as established by W. Scheidel; it is the "four horsemen of the equalization" that reduce the gap between rich and poor, that is, the social inequality is temporarily smoothed destructively. It has been established that during large-scale wars, revolutions, the destruction of states there is a permission of cyclically exacerbating contradictions of social development, which generate the deployment of long-term socio-economic cycles (cycles of changing the forms of society; hegemony establishment cycles in the world-system, long political cycles, Kondratiev waves, etc.). Therefore, the changes in the levels of socio-economic inequality generated by these "horsemen of the equalization" are also cyclic.

Moscow school of army column guides : history of creation and development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Shvetsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the history of the Moscow school of the armycolumn guides that was one of the first educational institutions in Russia that trained staff officers. The paper draws attention to the structure of the school, the features of its curriculum, and, also, gives a description of its creators and leaders: Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov and his son Mikhail. The material of historical sources and historiographical works proves the important role of the school in the development of military education in Russia in the first quarter of the XIX century.

scholarly journals Development of Infrastructure and Changes in the Social Space of Kharkiv at the Turn of the 19th – 20th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philanthropic Organizations ◽  
Symbolic Coding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article explored the impact of urban infrastructure on the social space of Kharkov in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Kharkiv municipality began to implement large-scale infrastructure projects that contributed to solving urgent sanitary-epidemiological and social problems from the 1870s. The first significant technological component of the infrastructure was water supply. Telephone communications, electric lighting, sewage, horse and electric trams started to function in Kharkiv at that time. Networks of medical, educational and cultural institutions were widely developed. The publication clarified the role of certain actors in the creation and maintenance of infrastructure elements. In particular, thanks to Kharkiv municipality declared the basics of collective safety, occupational health, social ecology and formed communicative relations of infrastructure institutions with consumers. Attention is also focused on the role of Kharkiv philanthropic organizations and expert groups, which contributed to the awareness of citizens of such an ethical principle as social responsibility. In the article considered changes in the material substrate of the social space of Kharkiv. It is noted that although the center of the city was the zone of “prestige”, however, the localization of the components of the city infrastructure gradually expanded, which became one of the important features of the modernization of the social space of the city. Networks of hospitals and educational institutions covered remote Kharkiv areas. Public transport and stationary trading establishments become part of the everyday practices of residents of the city's environs. It is concluded that the development of infrastructure not only changed the physical appearance of the city, but also transformed social practices and the symbolic coding of social space.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN MILITARY SCHOOL: LESSONS OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Olesya Maslo ◽  
◽  
Anna Koverza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Military Schools ◽  
Military School ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
Historical Periods

The article discusses the process of the formation and development of the Russian military school, which originates since Peter's I transformations. I. The main historical periods of military education are allocated, each of which has distinctive features related to the methods of training and education of future officers, the preparation of military teachers, the edition of educational and methodological literature, etc. A characteristic feature of the development of military education was the fact that these transformations were in parallel with transformations occurring in the armed forces. This interrelated process fruitfully influenced not only the development of the military education system, but also the development of military scientific thought in general. The article traces the continuity between all historical periods of military education in Russia. Attention is focused on the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries when the most elaborated educational system of military schools in Russia was formed, and the military school became one of the most important sociocultural institutions of the state mechanism and the country's society. All transformations in military education in pre-revolutionary Russia became a foundation for the formation of the Soviet, and then the Russian military school.

scholarly journals Urbanisation as a factor of diversification of the Russian musical vocational education at the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries (in terms of the Povolzhye)

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Il'ya N. Suyetin
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Music Schools ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social

The article analyses the features of the diversification of musical vocational education in the region of Povolzhye at the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries as a result of the process of urbanisation. The paper presents evidence that as a result of industrial development and an increase in urban population, there was a need for skilled music professionals. At the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries, thanks to the activities of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, an extensive network of musical educational institutions appeared in the region of Povolzhye, musical vocational education would start to include several levels (music classes – music schools – conservatoire). Against the background of changes in the social composition of cities, the content of music vocational education would be transformed, with the range of musical specialties expanding, new forms and methods of teaching and education emerging. The study stressed the importance of using historical experience to improve the Russian system of training practitioners at the present stage.

scholarly journals THE PUBLIC AND THE PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP: A SAGA OF SUCCESS AND CHALLENGES IN THE EDUCATIONAL LANDSCAPE OF KERALA

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Babu K Tharith
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Reform Movements ◽  
Education In India

Educational achievements in Kerala, India, includes near total literacy, free and universal primary education, low dropout rates, easy access to Higher education resulting in the exceptional social development and quality of life. It is often acclaimed as the ‘Kerala Model’ with reference to the whole education system in India. The initiatives by missionaries and princely regimes of Travancore and Cochin laid the foundation for education in Kerala. The social reform movements accelerated the spread of education. Large scale Government funding of education was an important factor behind the State’s educational development both in private educational institutions established by any person or agency and recognized by and is receiving aid from Government, and Government institutions established and maintained by State Government. This paper focuses on the unique partnership between the private and the public which paved way for the success of the ‘Kerala model’ of education in India along with its challenges and significance.Key words: public, private, partnership, challenges, educational landscapes

scholarly journals Interpretation of the concept «social Darwinism» in Western and Russian historiography of the late XIX - early XXI century

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Pavel Nicolaevich Mukhataev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Social Darwinism ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article discusses various meanings of social Darwinism from the late XIX century, when the term began to be used by scientists, to the twentieth - early twenty-first centuries. The author explores the historiography of the question about the influence of Charles Darwins work Origin of species on the emergence and development of the social Darwinism ideology. The author also discusses the question of Herbert Spensers contribution to the formation and development of this concept and the social-Darwinian ideology in general. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the term social Darwinism usage in the Russian and English languages. Several periods of social Darwinism phenomenon research are distinguished: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and Russian. Each of them has a number of features that directly affect image and understanding of social Darwinism. The author considers the interpretation of social Darwinism concept in the context of large-scale political changes, scientific discoveries, cultural changes in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The article shows an attempt to interpret the essence of such an ambivalent phenomenon in the history of social thought as social-Darwinist ideology through the research of the evolution of the scholars interpretation of social Darwinism.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN TEACHER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Alevtina P. Zykina
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
System Development ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The topics that are devoted to the social and legal status of the teacher at different stages in the historical development of the national school are the ones that are little-studied in Russian historiography. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main aspects of the Russian teacher’s position in the society by the end of the reign of Emperor Nicholas I, by the middle of the XIX century. To date, there are no special scientific papers devoted to this topic. Different methods of historical science were used in this study. For example, the historical method (for studying the facts and phenomena in the dynamics of their development), the historical-comparative method (for analyzing and systematizing the factual material to identify the general and differences in the status of teachers in different regions of the country and different types of educational institutions), etc. The paper characterizes the main requirements for the professional activity of teachers in accordance with the normative legal documents. It provides information about their educational level and job responsibilities as well. The social origin of teachers and the conditions of their professional activity are analyzed. A distinctive feature of the school system development in the Russian Empire at this stage was a rapid increase in the number of primary and secondary educational institutions. At the same time, the number of students in them increased as well. However, there were not enough teachers in the country for a number of objective reasons. The article also discusses these reasons. The results of studying the historical experience in implementing reforms and transformations in the field of school education can be used in modern conditions in the development of approaches and methods for solving specific problems in this area. The study performed is not exhaustive. It is necessary to continue studying the issue of the teacher’s position in the society on the example of teachers of provincial schools, working conditions in national regions, etc. The study suggests that by the middle of the XIX century, the number of teachers in Russia significantly increased. This happened against the background of the school system expansion. Therefore, there was still a shortage of teachers. The status of teachers in the country was not the same. The status of a gymnasium teacher was much higher than that of his colleague, who worked in an uyezd school and even more so in a rural parish school.

scholarly journals Activities of Charitable Societies and Institutions in Nizhny Novgorod Province in Second Half of XIX — early XX Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 486-511
Author(s):  
A. V. Tikhovodova
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Charitable Activities

The article is devoted to the work of public charitable organizations and institutions in the Nizhny Novgorod province of the post-reform Russian Empire in various areas of the social sphere. The relevance of the study is due to the development of charitable activities in modern Russia, the need to get acquainted with the historical experience. A review of the activities of voluntary societies, both all-Russian, with branches in Nizhny Novgorod, and, in fact, regional, in the field of social security, health care and public education has been carried out. On the basis of the charters and reports of the companies, their goals, objectives, management structure, sources of funds, forms of assistance to those in need are considered. The author shows the possibilities of social self-organization in the conditions of autocracy, the nature and methods of cooperation between civil society and the authorities. The reasons for the development of charity in the Nizhny Novgorod province in the second half of the XIX century, the motives prompting various segments of the population to engage in it are revealed. The universalism of the work of organizations, in other words unification within the framework of one society of different areas of activity are emphasized in the article. The author comes to the conclusion that the second half of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th century was a period of activity of charitable societies and institutions, whose main obstacle in achieving their goals was a lack of funds.

Main Evaluation Dimensions and Indicators for Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies - NOCMAT R&D Projects

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Pierre Ohayon ◽  
Khosrow Ghavami
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Second World

Science and technology have contributed since the Second World War to the economic development without considering adequately different social classes. The intensive Research and Development (R&D) activities in the rapidly growing areas of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) such as new high resistance cements, steel, petrochemical derived materials, among others have not given the opportunity to less developed nations to cut the vicious circle which maintained them technologically dependent on industrialized countries. Also, the results of many successfully realized R&D projects concerned with Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMAT) in developing countries including Brazil have not been used in large scale in practice. This is due to the lack of evaluation criteria from planning to project implementation by governmental agencies, private organizations and educational institutions concerned with the newly developed sustainable materials and technologies. The problems of evaluating R&D innovation outputs and impacts for civil construction are complex and need scientific and systematic studies in order to avoid the social and environmental mistakes occurred in industrialized countries. This paper presents four relevant dimensions and its pertinent indicators for NOCMAT projects evaluation concerned with materials, structural elements and technologies of bamboo, soil and composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. Specifically, 1) Political, Strategic and Normative; 2) Organizational; 3) Allocation and Management of Resources; and 4) Technical, Scientific and Economic evaluation dimensions are considered and discussed.

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