scholarly journals TREATMENT OF METAL PICKLING EFFLUENT AND RECOVERY OF THE METAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
ADITI R ◽  
ADITI SREENIVAS ◽  
GAYATHRI V ◽  
GRISSEL MYRTLE FERNANDES ◽  
C T PUTTASWAMY
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Small Scale Industries ◽  
Soda Ash

Metal pickling is a type of surface treatment, where the surface of the ferrous metals, copper, and aluminium alloys are treated with acidic media to get rid of inorganic contaminants, rust or scale formed. Hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid are popularly used for this purpose. This causes the industry to produce highly acidic metal pickling effluent which cannot be disposed directly without treatment as it is hazardous. Hence, to treat this metal pickling effluent, three methods are used which are by using hydrating lime, soda ash and the distillation method. These three methods are discussed in detail in this paper to prove which is the most cost effective and efficient method for large scale as well as small scale industries.

scholarly journals Cost-effective composite methods for large-scale solid-state calculations

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 292-308
Author(s):  
L. Donà ◽  
J. G. Brandenburg ◽  
I. J. Bush ◽  
B. Civalleri
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Composite Methods

Cost-effective hybrid DFT composite methods allow for large-scale solid-state calculations with small-scale computing resources.

scholarly journals Upstream to downstream: a multiple-assessment-point approach for targeting non-point-source priority management areas at large watershed scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 14535-14555
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhong ◽  
G. Wei ◽  
Z. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multiple Assessment

Abstract. The identification of priority management areas (PMAs) is essential for the control of non-point source (NPS) pollution, especially for a large-scale watershed. However, previous studies have typically focused on small-scale catchments adjacent to specific assessment points; thus, the interactions between multiple river points remain poorly understood. In this study, a multiple-assessment-point PMA (MAP-PMA) framework was proposed by integrating the upstream sources and the downstream transport aspects of NPS pollution. Based on the results, the integration of the upstream input changes was vital for the final PMAs map, especially for downstream areas. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this research recommended that the NPS pollutants could be best controlled among the upstream high-level PMAs when protecting the water quality of the entire watershed. The MAP-PMA framework provided a more cost-effective tool for the establishment of conservation practices, especially for a large-scale watershed.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of ARC Welding using Different Flux Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4344-4349
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Welding Operation ◽  
Small Scale Industries

To perform welding process on the material under varying conditions with different flux materials, different welding parameters and further subjecting the material to various suitable tests such as tensile test, hardness test, optical tests and study the characteristics of the material under testing. The tests conducted on the welded work piece it is proposed the suitable parameters under which welding of greater precision can be performed. it is also analyzed the working conditions under which the selected work piece material of stainless steel grade 304 would deviate from its desired characteristics. From the results of the tests it is able to determine the conditions that would reduce the characteristics of the welded work piece. Thus it can be further used for reference when the welding process is done on the same material of stainless steel of grade 304. The electrodes that were chosen for this project were selected by the criteria of widely used and chief material in the welding of various grades of stainless steel. The composition of the chemicals that constitute the electrodes were tribiologically analyzed and studied. The need for high precision welding in large scale as well as small scale industries is relatively high as the threshold for errors in such areas are greatly undesirable. The results of this study would greatly contribute to the reduction of errors and defects in the welding operation.

scholarly journals Systemic Review of Application of Six Sigma Approaches in Small and Medium Scale Industries: A Review in Respect of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Neeru Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Abstract: Six Sigma is a tool which helps industries to control the defects and all other issues which can be possible factors to reduce the growth of the company. It was seen that in large scale industries, the Six Sigma is used form previous decades but when goes to small and medium scale industries, there is lack of implementation of Six Sigma and its tools, so in present review paper, various research papers selected in which small and medium scale industries are selected. In this paper all possible aspects of the Six Sigma is presented in detail. Keywords: Six Sigma, Tools, Small Scale Industries, DMAIC approach, Manufacturing Industries

Review of Expander Selection for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Saghlatoun ◽  
Weilin Zhuge ◽  
Yangjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Small Scale Industries

After more than twenty years working on the selection of an appropriate expander for Organic Rankine cycles and wide research and attentions about its influence on the performance and total cost of waste heat recovery systems, now there is a good-enough background studies and achievement for large scale applications. But small-scale industries is like a art space to modify and revise the previous results. As it is clearly known, in small-scale applications and industries especially in internal combustion engines, besides the investigation of performance, physical properties and final efficiency of expander, other parameters should be analyzed accurately like manufacturing cost, availability, reliability, sensitivity to operating condition fluctuations. Due to a significant role of expander equipment to enhance the efficiency of ORC system in the first step expanders is investigated. In this paper, as per related operating characteristics, a complete comparison of small-scale expanders will be debated to guide designers to select more appropriate and the best efficient expansion machine as per their requirements. According to available literatures there is more need to do research about different types of expanders with various operating conditions in small-scale industries.

Using Homer Software for Cost Analysis of Stand-Alone Power Generation for Small Scale Industry in Nigeria: A Case Study Lumatec Aluminium Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Luqman Raji ◽  
Zhigilla Y.I ◽  
Wadai J
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Nigeria is one of developing countries in the world that experience shortage of electricity for her economic and social development. In Nigeria, most of the small-scale industries use diesel/petrol-based systems to generate their electricity. However, due to the cost fluctuation of oil and gas fuel, an alternative power generation should be considered. This paper targets to examine the cost analysis of system for supplying electricity to LUMATEC Aluminium products shop in Mubi, Adamawa state Nigeria. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) is used as a tool for cost analysis. The scenario consider in this study was only stand-alone with battery system. Results revealed that the system have 10kW PV with cost of electricity (COE) of $0.312/kW. The initial capital cost and total net present cost (NPC) are $21.775 and $26.148 respectively, with payback period of 5.8years. In conclusion, this study provides the solution of power supply to the small-scale industries at cost effective and available throughout the year and it is feasible to solve the small-scale industries, rural and urban electricity supplying in this country (Nigeria). It is recommended that Nigerian Government & Law makers should promotes the use of standalone PV system for domestic and small-scale industry by providing financial assistance through soft loans, subsides and grants.

scholarly journals Measuring coral reef decline through meta-analyses

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1454) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M Côté ◽  
J.A Gill ◽  
T.A Gardner ◽  
A.R Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Scale Estimate

Coral reef ecosystems are in decline worldwide, owing to a variety of anthropogenic and natural causes. One of the most obvious signals of reef degradation is a reduction in live coral cover. Past and current rates of loss of coral are known for many individual reefs; however, until recently, no large-scale estimate was available. In this paper, we show how meta-analysis can be used to integrate existing small-scale estimates of change in coral and macroalgal cover, derived from in situ surveys of reefs, to generate a robust assessment of long-term patterns of large-scale ecological change. Using a large dataset from Caribbean reefs, we examine the possible biases inherent in meta-analytical studies and the sensitivity of the method to patchiness in data availability. Despite the fact that our meta-analysis included studies that used a variety of sampling methods, the regional estimate of change in coral cover we obtained is similar to that generated by a standardized survey programme that was implemented in 1991 in the Caribbean. We argue that for habitat types that are regularly and reasonably well surveyed in the course of ecological or conservation research, meta-analysis offers a cost-effective and rapid method for generating robust estimates of past and current states.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES OF TOURISM RELATED SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN INDIA: IN SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VARANASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Nigam ◽  
Akriti Jaiswal ◽  
Vivek Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The People ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Small Scale Industries play a crucial role in the development of any country and contributes significantly in the economic development of the country. In a developing country like India where large scale industries are restricted to a few hands, Small Scale Industries play a vital role in the development of the country by providing employment, innovation and improving the standard of living of the people. By focusing on the different dimensions and identifying new dimensions of SSI in India, we can boost up the economic growth of the country as a whole. Tourism on the other hand is an important factor and contributor in the income of a country and its state. India is rich in cultural heritage and the huge diversity of India consisting of cultural believes and tourist places that attract a large number of national and international tourists across the globe every year. This gives birth to some new businesses in that state, provides numerous employment avenues, brings in foreign currencies as well as contributes in the total exports of the country. This paper deals with studying the prospective growth and opportunities of Small Scale Industries related to the tourism sector and identifying and suggesting measures to the issues that are being faced by such industries which are already prevailing in the market with special reference to Varanasi district.

Large-scale spatial network models: An application to modeling information diffusion through the homeless population of San Francisco

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack W Almquist
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Available Information

To address the effects of increasing homeless populations, planners must understand the size and distribution of their homeless populations, as well as how information and resources are diffused throughout homeless communities. Currently, there is limited publicly available information on the homeless population, e.g. the estimates of the homeless, gathered annually by the US Housing & Urban Development point in time survey. While it is theorized in the literature that the networks of homeless individuals provide access to important information for planners in areas such as health (e.g. needle exchanges) or access (e.g. information diffusion about the location of new shelters), it is almost never measured, and if measured, only at a very small scale. This research addresses the question of how planners can leverage publicly available data on the homeless to better understand their own homeless networks (e.g. relations among the homeless themselves) in a cost-effective and reliable way. To this end, we provide a method for simulating realistic networks of a social relation among the homeless population and perform a diffusion analysis over the resultant homeless-to-homeless networks, and also over a simulated homeless youth Facebook network. We validate the former through novel use of historical data, while the latter is based on recent work that demonstrated that the homeless youth have similar size Facebook networks and usage. We see much stronger spatial hopping and quicker diffusion over the youth network, i.e. we expect information to pass among the youth network much faster than the homeless-to-homeless network. This finding implies that non-government organizations and public health efforts that seek to provide information, goods or services to the homeless should start with the homeless youth, given the potential for faster diffusion when homeless youth are the initial transmitters. Overall, these methods and analysis provide a unique opportunity for visualizing, characterizing and inferring information for large-scale and hard to measure social networks.

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