scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Western and Islamic Concept of Human Rights:

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (- 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul mannan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
Thematic Approach

Human Rights have become the most significant issue of the modern history from the Islamic as well as and Western perspectives. It can generally be defined as “those rights that are inherent in human nature and without which human beings cannot live a decent life.” This research paper aims to provide a bulk of knowledge regarding Islamic and western approach of human rights. Despite of wide work on human rights in west for human honor and dignity, there is clear demarcation line between these two wide approaches in origin, sources, theory, practice and ranking as well. Study will examine the thematic approach of universal declaration of human rights and last sermon delivered by Holy Prophetﷺ towards better understanding of human rights in modern expression of world.

Human Dignity and the Foundations of Human Rights

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tasioulas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
In Virtue Of

This chapter investigates whether or not human rights are grounded in human dignity. Starting from an interest-based account of human rights, it rejects two objections to that account that have been pressed in the name of human dignity: the deontological and the personhood objections. More positively, it contends that human dignity is the equal moral status possessed by all human beings simply in virtue of their possession of a human nature, and that so understood, it has an essential role to play in grounding human rights, but that it can only play this role in tandem with universal human interests. In particular, human dignity is central to explaining both why humans can possess rights and why these rights are resistant to trade-offs. The chapter concludes with some reflections on the implications of this view for whether each and every human being possesses all of the standard human rights.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHY OF FREEDOM TO LEARN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Dimas Aldi Pangestu ◽  
Wahyu Bagja Sulfemi ◽  
Yusfitriadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Development Of Students

Tujuan artikel ini adalah mengetahui hakikat dari merdeka belajar berdasarkan pemikiran merdeka belajar Soekarno, Hatta, Sjahrir dan Dewantara dan mengetahui persamaan serta perbedaannya. Metode yang digunakan pada artikel ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari pemilihan topik, heuristik, kiritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hakikat Merdeka belajar, berdasarkan pemikiran pendidikan para pendiri bangsa Indonesia, adalah mengakui hak-hak manusia secara kodrati untuk memperoleh pembelajaran dan pengelaman secara bebas yang bertujuan menciptakan manusia yang berkarakter, manusia baru dan masyarakat baru. Persamaan pemikiran merdeka belajar dari Soekarno, Hatta, Sjahrir dan Dewantara adalah mendidik manusia dengan jiwa yang merdeka supaya menjadi manusia yang berkarakter, bersumber dari kebudayaan dan kandungan dari bangsanya sendiri, dan mempunyai objek pendidikan yaitu manusia. Sementara perbedaan dari pemikiran tokoh-tokoh terletak pada peruntukan merdeka belajar. Soekarno memandang merdeka belajar untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang nyaman dan menyenangkan. Mohammad Hatta berpendapat bahwa merdeka belajar berperan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik. Sjahrir menyatakan merdeka belajar untuk membangun stabilitas politik dan bukan menetapkan tujuan-tujuan pendidikan yang pragmatis. Ki Hadjar Dewantara berpandangan merdeka belajar sebagai pendidikan sesuai kodrat alam. Merdeka belajar mengakui kodrat manusia dan membebaskan manusia memperoleh pembelajaran dan pengalaman. Merdeka belajar diperuntukan sebagai pelaksanaan pembelajaran, pengembangan peserta didik, menciptakan stabilitas, dan pengakuan terhadap kodrat manusia. This article is to find out the philosophy of freedom to learn based on founders' thoughts both similarities and differences. I use historical method consisting of topic selection, heuristics, criticisms of sources, interpretation, and historiography. Freedom to learn, based on the educational ideas of the founding fathers of Indonesia, is recognizing human rights to gain free learning and experience to create human characters, new humans, and a new society. The similarity of freedom to learn is to educate humans with an independent spirit to become human beings with character, originating from the culture and content of their nation, and having an educational object (humans). Soekarno saw freedom to learn to create comfortable and enjoyable learning. Mohammad Hatta argues that freedom to learn plays a role in developing students' abilities. Sjahrir stated that he could learn to build political stability and not set pragmatic educational goals. Ki Hadjar Dewantara has the view that freedom to learn is education by nature. Freedom to learn recognizes human nature and frees humans to learn and experience. Freedom to learn is showed as the implementation of learning, the development of students, creating stability, and recognition of human nature. 

Utility and the Basis of Moral Rights: A Reply to Professor Brandt

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Card
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
In Virtue Of

Is it true that utilitarianism can accommodate the modern belief that human beings have certain moral rights against everybody ‘just in virtue of their human nature?’ I should have thought the most a utilitarian could grant was that we had rights just in virtue of the utility of respecting such rights, not just in virtue of our human nature. In fact, that is more like the view Professor Brandt actually supports. What he argues is that there is not the a priori difficulty with the idea of utilitarian moral rights that some philosophers have thought there was. However, I think the possibility of utilitarian moral rights is not the same as the view that we all have human rights against everybody just in virtue of our human nature. As I hear it, ‘just in virtue of our human nature’ is an alternative to a utilitarian basis for rights. I'll return to that.

scholarly journals The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Modern History of Human Rights

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Duan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Standards

Beginning with the phrase “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights,” the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) proclaims its purpose of establishing global human rights from the outset. As a common standard of achievement for all signatory nations, the UDHR constitutes an essential cornerstone in the modern history of human rights by drawing upon ancient to contemporary philosophies, responses to the heinous crimes of World War II, and various visions for future human rights standards. Despite diverging viewpoints from many of the drafting parties and states, the UDHR eventually transcended conflict to form the underpinnings of a moral compass for all of humankind.This essay first explores how the UDHR came into formation by reviewing the historical origins of human rights, global dynamics prior to the UDHR, the drafting process and key debates involved, and finally its achieved compromise and ultimate unanimous adoption. Then, the essay examines ways in which the UDHR has evolved, from both a legal and moral angle, since its adoption in the context of past achievements and current challenges. From a historical point of view, I argue that the UDHR is a living document that has and is expected to change as our societies continue to evolve.

scholarly journals 1984 George Orwell

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Halessa Fabiane Regis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Political View ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
The Cost

Resumo: Esta resenha traz o mundo utópico negativo que George Orwell criou no ano de 1948, quando escreveu o livro chamado 1984. O livro conta com o protagonista Winston Smith para guiar os leitores pelas páginas de alegria e sofrimento. Ele tenta guiar as pessoas para a compreensão dos poderes por trás de um ideal político, como também pode servir como uma inspiração para que as pessoas lutem por seus direitos humanos. Esta resenha foi escrita depois de feitas leitura do livro, reflexões sobre o ser humano e analogias entre sistemas, logo, levanta questões sobre a caracterização dos seres humanos. Por exemplo, os seres humanos são fracos? As pessoas conseguem suportar o poder e uma forte ideologia? As pessoas podem superar novos’ Big Brothers’? Se sim, por quanto tempo ou o que poderia ser o custo disso? Muitas perguntas ainda precisam ser respondidas, embora o livro mostre sugestões, é difícil entendê-las como a única verdade sobre a natureza humana em relação ao o poder e tecnologia. Nesta resenha há uma introdução, as partes detalhadas do livro 1984, capítulo por capítulo e as reflexões finais. Palavras-chave: 1984, George Orwell, Resenha, Big BrotherAbstract: This review brings the negative utopian world that George Orwell created in 1948 when he wrote the book called 1984. The book counts on the protagonist Winston Smith to guide readers through the pages of joy and suffering. It has tried to guide people to the full understanding of the hidden powers within a specific political view as well as to serve as an inspiration for them to be better prepared to stand for their human rights when needed. This review was written after all the readings, reflections on the human nature and analogies between systems and thus raises questions about the characterization of human beings. For instance, are human beings weak? Can people stand power and a strong ideology? Can people stand new Big Brothers? If so, for how long or what could be the cost of it? Many questions are still to be answered, although the book shows suggestions, it is difficult to understand them as the only truth about human nature in relation to power and technology. In this review there is an introduction, the detailed parts of the book 1984, chapter by chapter and the final reflections. Keywords: 1984, George Orwell, Review, Big Brother.  

Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318
Author(s):  
Roman Girma Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Receive

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.

Persons Together

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Mittleman
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The Image Of God

This chapter moves into the political and economic aspects of human nature. Given scarcity and interdependence, what sense has Judaism made of the material well-being necessary for human flourishing? What are Jewish attitudes toward prosperity, market relations, labor, and leisure? What has Judaism had to say about the political dimensions of human nature? If all humans are made in the image of God, what does that original equality imply for political order, authority, and justice? In what kinds of systems can human beings best flourish? It argues that Jewish tradition shows that we act in conformity with our nature when we elevate, improve, and sanctify it. As co-creators of the world with God, we are not just the sport of our biochemistry. We are persons who can select and choose among the traits that comprise our very own natures, cultivating some and weeding out others.

Solidarity and Social Justice in the European Union Seventy Years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Role of European Judges

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Francesco Zammartino
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Binding Force

Seventy Years after its proclamation, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, despite not having a binding force for the states, still provides at international level the fundamental text from which the principles and the values for the preservation of liberty and right of people are taken. In this article, the author particularly underlines the importance of Declaration’s article 1, which states: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. With these words the Declaration presses states to undertake economic policies aimed at achieving economic and social progress for all individuals. Unfortunately, we also have to underline the lack of effective social policies in government programs of the E.U. Member States. The author inquires whether it is left to European judges to affirm the importance of social welfare.

Derechos económicos, sociales y culturales más vulnerados a personas en situación de desplazamiento

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Carlos Torres Cetina
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Decent Life

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad reflexionar so- bre los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales (desc), unos de los más vulnerados a las personas en situación de desplazamiento en Colombia; se tendrán en cuenta los re- portes de organizaciones especializadas en el tema, como el Departamento para la Prosperidad Social (dps) y la Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplaza- miento (codhes). Se busca conocer y describir en qué consisten los desc, su importancia para una vida digna, y cómo en situación de desplazamiento las personas están sujetas a nuevas di- námicas en sus vidas, que hacen que adopten otro tipo de acciones y actividades que no eran propias de su cotidia- nidad. This article aims to reflect on what are the Economic, So- cial and Cultural most violated of people in situation of displacement in Colombia, will take into account reports from organizations such as the Department for Social Prosperity (dps) and the consultancy for Human Rights and Displacement (codhes), organizations specializing in this subject. This article seeks to understand and describe what these desc and their importance for a decent life for each per- son, and how as displaced persons are subject to new dy- namics in their lives causing them to take other actions and activities that were not typical of everyday life. 

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