scholarly journals Exploring the connection between Question Under Discussion and scalar diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Eszter Ronai ◽  
Ming Xiang
Keyword(s):  
General Question ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Question Under Discussion

Previous research has revealed that different scalar expressions give rise to scalar inferences (SIs) at different rates. This variation has been termed scalar diversity. In this study, we investigate the role of Questions Under Discussion (QUDs) in explaining this variation in SI rates. Investigating 43 different scalar expressions, we first show that explicit QUDs robustly affect calculation rates: questions based on the stronger of two scalar terms lead to higher SI rates than questions promoting the weaker one. Second, we explore whether the likelihood of asking the stronger question in general (Question Availability) can explain the scalar diversity effect. Our results suggest that Question Availability is indeed a predictor of scalar diversity, but only for scales where both terms denote intervals (unbounded scales), and not for scales where the stronger member has a fixed meaning (bounded scales).

The role of political leaders in mitigating the risk of mass atrocities: an analysis of Khama, Kaunda and Nyerere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McLoughlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
General Question ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Genocide Studies ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Structural Risk ◽  
Atrocity Crimes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article examines the impact that three political leaders—Seretse Khama, Kenneth Kaunda and Julius Nyerere—had on navigating the long-term risk associated with mass atrocities. While the scholarship on comparative genocide studies has acknowledged the crucial dimension of leadership in the perpetration of such violence, very little is known about the preventive influence of leaders in cases where risk is present. This influence works both ways: the ideas, decisions and policies of political leaders are often the most instrumental factor in effective processes of risk mitigation. Yet to date, there has been no systematic study of the role of leadership in managing and ameliorating risk associated with mass atrocities. Indeed, the more general question of why mass atrocities do not occur is also largely neglected. I argue that these leaders were cognisant of the disruptive potential of tribal, ethnic and religious division; they advocated for inclusive national identities and developed policies that fostered social cohesion; and were effective in creating social and political environments that had an inhibitory effect on structural risk factors associated with atrocity crimes.

scholarly journals No One is on My Side: The Role of Abuse in Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Seijo
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
General Question ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
World Science ◽  
The Relationship

Eating disorders are considered some of the most difficult to treat and have the highest mortality rate of all mental disorders (Agras, 2001). Among them, anorexia nervosa is one of the psychiatric diagnoses with the highest mortality rate (Arcelus et al., 2011). In a longitudinal study conducted by Bulkin et al. (2007) from 1980 to 2005, it was found that – 80 – General question of world science applying medication and working with behavior yielded inconclusive results (Openshaw, et al. 2004). If eating disorders were solely dependent on food, it would make sense that changing eating behaviors makes it easier to get out of the disorder. Unfortunately, however, this is often not the case. The clinical case presented here is a clear example of the relationship between eating disorders and trauma, particularly sexual, emotional, power, and physical abuse.

Hat die gesprochene Sprache eine eigene Grammatik? Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zum Status gesprochensprachlicher Konstruktionen und zur Kategorie ‚gesprochenes Standarddeutsch‘

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Georg Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
General Question ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Theoretical Question

AbstractAlthough most linguists agree that spoken language differs in relevant aspects from written language, it is still controversial whether they have different grammatical systems. In this article, I raise the general question of whether it is possible to speak of a specific grammar of spoken language. For this purpose the problem of spoken versus written modality is discussed together with the problem of rules and regularity (chapter 2); furthermore, the role of the concept “standard language” in this research context is discussed (chapter 3). Using different examples, I analyze syntactic phenomena of contemporary spoken German (chapter 4). On this empirical basis, the central theoretical question is developed and answered: Are there grammatical constructions in spoken Standard German which can be explained by the special modality – e.g. the fluidity and irreversibility – of the oral medium (chapter 5)?

scholarly journals Testing the role of intraflagellar transport in flagellar length control using length-altering mutants of Chlamydomonas

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 (1792) ◽  
pp. 20190159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Wemmer ◽  
William Ludington ◽  
Wallace F. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Intraflagellar Transport ◽  
General Question ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Length Dependence ◽  
Apparent Length ◽  
Cilia And Flagella

Cilia and flagella are ideal model organelles in which to study the general question of organelle size control. Flagellar microtubules are steady-state structures whose size is set by the balance of assembly and disassembly. Assembly requires intraflagellar transport (IFT), and measurements of IFT have shown that the rate of entry of IFT particles into the flagellum is a decreasing function of length. It has been proposed that this length dependence of IFT may be the basis for flagellar length control. Here, we test this idea by showing that three different long-flagella mutations in Chlamydomonas all cause increased IFT injection, thus confirming that IFT can influence length control. However, quantitative comparisons with mathematical models suggest that the increase in injection is not sufficient to explain the full increase in length seen in these mutants; hence, some other mechanism may be at work. One alternative mechanism that has been proposed is length-regulated binding of tubulin to the IFT particles. However, we find that the apparent length dependence of tubulin loading that has previously been reported may actually reflect length-dependent organization of IFT trains. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity and diversity of cilia in locomotion and transport’.

Persons, Thoughts and Brains

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
J. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
General Question ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Contingent Truth ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Necessary Truth

‘Mental processes are brain processes’ is not a logically necessary truth, but nevertheless certain logical conditions must be fulfilled if it is to be a candidate for the role of contingent truth. Not just anything can, conceivably, be contingently identical with anything else: a play cannot be identical with its copies, nor beauty with a beautiful object. The propagation of light may be electromagnetic radiation, but it cannot conceivably be the tri-section of a right-angle. In this paper I shall be concerned with the general question of whether there are any logical barriers to mind-body identification, and I shall approach this via the more particular question of whether the mental processes of persons can conceivably be identical with the physiological processes of brains. It is my contention that identity theorists, by concentrating their attentions upon what were once called the “lower” parts of the soul rather than upon “higher” parts which are more typical of human persons, have paved a logical way for themselves which is artificially straight.

Relative deprivation and ‘the diversity effect’ in explaining neighbourhood attachment: Alternative or complementary mechanisms?

Urban Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 984-990
Author(s):  
Agata Górny ◽  
Sabina Toruńczyk-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Diversity Effects ◽  
Negative Link

In a 2014 paper, we demonstrated that the negative relationship between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment was moderated by interethnic ties differently for migrants and natives living in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. In this article, we respond to the Comment on our paper by Oded Stark, who proposes to interpret our findings within the framework of relative deprivation theory, and to explain the different results for migrants and natives by different preferences for diversity and resulting self-selection processes among the two groups. We argue that explaining the negative link between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment by a distaste for relative deprivation is problematic given the intricacies of relationships between ethnic diversity, economic diversity, economic inequality and neighbourhood attachment. We note that employing the concept of relative deprivation in the analyses of ethnic diversity effects should acknowledge the role that interethnic ties play in the way natives and migrants define their reference groups. We also claim that preferences for diversity are unlikely to constitute a substantial basis for residential selection among migrants and natives, given the role of structural and socio-psychological factors in residential choices.

A Lotus Blooms in the End Times: Cosmological Topography and the Tibetan State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian MacCormack
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Model ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Capital City ◽  
General Question ◽  
Ordered Space ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
End Times ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The ruler of the central Tibetan state, the Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), recognized its capital city of Lhasa as having the radial form of an eight-petaled flower or eight-spoked wheel. This article examines the Desi’s writings to reflect on the relationship between symbolically ordered space and cosmology. Scholars have often explained such spaces as representing a cosmological model, assigning that model the role of a static foundation and distancing it from human activity. This Tibetan case is read as evidence for another way of thinking about cosmological topography, namely as a creative process in a self-consciously critical relationship with its encompassing world. At stake is the general question of how humans both inhabit the cosmos and actively participate in ordering it.

4. Asking Questions: How to Find and Formulate Research Questions

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-122
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Question ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

This chapter deals with the first step of the research process: the formulation of a well-crafted research question. It explains why political research should begin with a research question and how a research question structures the research process. It discusses the difference between a topic or general question, on the one hand, and a focused research question, on the other. It also considers the question of where to find and how to formulate research questions, the various types of questions scholars ask, and the role of the ‘literature review’ as a source and rationale for research questions. Finally, it describes a tool called the ‘research vase’ that provides a visualization of the research process, along with different types of questions: descriptive, explanatory, predictive, prescriptive, and normative.

The Catholic Sage: Remarks on Southey’s Sir Thomas More: or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society

Moreana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (Number 193- (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Jorge Bastos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
General Question ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Sir Thomas More ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Church ◽  
Moral Legacy

This article addresses the general question of the status of Thomas More as a cultural icon by focusing on Robert Southey’s Sir Thomas More: or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society (1829). The discussion emphasizes the role of religion in Southey’s view of history and of More’s character, as well as the ways in which Southey’s work conveys a sense of the traditions of utopianism and implies a particular conception of intellectual authority. It is shown that, whereas authors like Thomas Stapleton, Anthony Munday, Robert Bolt and Hilary Mantel represented More as a man who challenged established opinions and authorities, either wisely or presumptuously, in the name of the authority of his own conscience, Southey was interested in overcoming the oppositional view of More’s character, career and moral legacy. The Colloquies accordingly express the author’s hopes of a future, eschatological state in which religious differences between Catholic and Protestant will be subsumed. It becomes clear that the work is as much a commentary on contemporary society, and especially on the condition of the Church of England, as it is an exercise in self-definition on the part of its author.

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