Modeling of fire dynamics when making judicial normative fire-technical expertise

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Ирек Равильевич Хасанов ◽  
Софья Федоровна Лобова ◽  
Наталья Вячеславовна Петрова ◽  
Татьяна Дмитриевна Теплякова
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Case File ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Field Modeling ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

Проанализирована нормативная база, регламентирующая проведение расчетов по оценке параметров срабатывания автоматической установки пожарной сигнализации (АУПС), а также компьютерных программ моделирования динамики пожара и математических моделей, описывающих срабатывание пожарных извещателей. Сформулированы и структурированы вопросы нормативного характера, для решения которых необходимо применение компьютерного моделирования динамики пожара с учетом работы АУПС. Предложен алгоритм компьютерного моделирования пожара в ходе проведения пожарно-технической экспертизы с учетом возможных расчетных ошибок и получения неоднозначных результатов. It is often necessary to assess the parameters of fire development taking into account the influence of fire protection systems by making the regulatory fire-technical expertise. It may also be necessary to carry out an expert examination of the technical solutions adopted at the site for their compliance with fire safety requirements. These practical studies, in particular, are necessary to analyse the consequences of fire safety violations and establish causal links between violations of requirements and the consequences of fire, both past and theoretically possible. A modern way to estimate fire parameters is by field modeling. Field modeling of fire dynamics can be used to answer questions in two expert situations: after fire and before fire (in particular, within the framework of supervisory measures). When making fire-technical expertise on the fire occurred, the expert needs to restore the pre-fire situation and model the real fire dynamics taking into account the established fire information contained in the case file. In a situation before a fire, the expert needs to model a potentially possible fire under the most unfavourable conditions. In accordance with fire safety requirements, each object of protection must have a fire safety system aimed at preventing fire, ensuring the safety of people and property in case of fire. Compliance of design values and characteristics of the building or structure with safety requirements shall be justified by calculations or tests performed according to certified technique. On the basis of the analysis of the regulatory framework and the formulated groups of regulatory questions there have been developed the procedure of the expert‘s actions and the algorithm for simulating fire dynamics when answering questions related to automatic fire alarm. The impact of input data on the possibility of forming categorical or probabilistic outputs was evaluated. The proposed detailed algorithm of field simulation of fire dynamics during the regulatory fire-technical examination is drawn up taking into account possible calculated errors and obtaining ambiguous results.

scholarly journals The impact of sustainability on fire safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohammad Musa Al-Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Double Skin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Models

<p>There is a growing demand for building green buildings that are perceived to have benefits environmentally through promoting recycling, energy efficiency and efficient use of resources. The green movement has also led to innovative technologies that are focused on reducing cost. However, the fire safety industry has concerns with the use of certain technologies that create passages for smoke and fire to spread such as passive ventilation or materials that can burn severely and release large amount of toxins. The benefit of this research is to determine which features are high risk and are commonly used. The aim of this research is to investigate whether sustainable or green features have an influence on fire safety in commercial buildings and determine which feature or features would have the most significant implications for building safety in regards to tenability. A detailed investigation was done on passive ventilation such as double skin facade and the thesis also briefly discusses other green features and their implications. There were two methods used to collect data. The first was a qualitative study done through sending out surveys to fire engineers to rate and rank the most significant features that have negative implications for fire safety in reference to the New Zealand Building Code Fire Safety Section criteria and objectives. Then, a one hour interview was carried out to determine the reason behind the engineers’ choice and their perceptions. The results from the surveys and the interviews were that double skin facade and atrium were ranked the most significant. The surveys established double skin facade has the highest ranking in terms of the worst feature, and the fire engineers reinforced that double skin facade needs to be studied as there is not enough research that have gone into this feature. While atrium issues are known and mitigation measures are well developed. A subsequent analysis for only double skin facade is conducted using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) because little literature is found in regards to fire safety and double skin facade. FDS was used to simulate 14 small models and 2 large models for the best and worst scenarios of DSF. Each of the 14 models, one to three parameters are changed as part of the sensitivity study to determine which parameter have the most and least effect on fire safety in term of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and visibility. The issues the engineers raised and the mitigation measures were modelled, because the engineers had stated their opinions not facts. The output results from FDS illustrated that it is essential that the system shuts off in a fire event to prevent smoke spread to upper floors, which is the same mitigation measure that were emphasised at the interviews.</p>

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FIRE-FIGHTING DISTANCE ON THE TERRITORY OF MULTI-FUEL FILLING STATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
А.P. Parfyonenko ◽  
◽  
A.B. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Technical Documents ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article describes the legal and technical possibilities of fulfilling the minimum necessary and sufficient fire safety requirements without implementing the requirements or deviating from them, regulated by regulatory technical documents in the field of standardization in the design and operation of LPG sections on the territory of a MAZS. An assessment of the parameters of hazardous factors of possible man-made emergencies on the technological equipment of LPG sites for workers, fuel consumers and people who are in the residential area near multi-fuel filling stations (MAZS) according to the existing method has been carried out. Technical solutions have been developed to exclude the formation of a combustible environment at the facility, as well as measures to prevent the formation of ignition sources in a combustible environment.

ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION PART OF THE PROJECT WITH FIRE PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE SECURITY AT SOCIAL FACILITIES IN THE SERVICE SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
Valeriy Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Technical Solutions

A systematic survey of compliance of the architectural and construction part of the project with fire safety requirements for basic indicators that ensure fire resistance and fire safety of the building was carried out. Engineering and technical solutions to ensure fire safety of the building and protection of people by deterministic factors have been installed. Structural and planning solutions to prevent the spread of fire in the building of the object were diagnosed. Technical solutions are formulated: for evacuation routes and exits, for fire protection and communication systems of the building, for ensuring measures that ensure the successful work of firefighters to extinguish a fire.

scholarly journals The impact of sustainability on fire safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohammad Musa Al-Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Double Skin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Models

<p>There is a growing demand for building green buildings that are perceived to have benefits environmentally through promoting recycling, energy efficiency and efficient use of resources. The green movement has also led to innovative technologies that are focused on reducing cost. However, the fire safety industry has concerns with the use of certain technologies that create passages for smoke and fire to spread such as passive ventilation or materials that can burn severely and release large amount of toxins. The benefit of this research is to determine which features are high risk and are commonly used. The aim of this research is to investigate whether sustainable or green features have an influence on fire safety in commercial buildings and determine which feature or features would have the most significant implications for building safety in regards to tenability. A detailed investigation was done on passive ventilation such as double skin facade and the thesis also briefly discusses other green features and their implications. There were two methods used to collect data. The first was a qualitative study done through sending out surveys to fire engineers to rate and rank the most significant features that have negative implications for fire safety in reference to the New Zealand Building Code Fire Safety Section criteria and objectives. Then, a one hour interview was carried out to determine the reason behind the engineers’ choice and their perceptions. The results from the surveys and the interviews were that double skin facade and atrium were ranked the most significant. The surveys established double skin facade has the highest ranking in terms of the worst feature, and the fire engineers reinforced that double skin facade needs to be studied as there is not enough research that have gone into this feature. While atrium issues are known and mitigation measures are well developed. A subsequent analysis for only double skin facade is conducted using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) because little literature is found in regards to fire safety and double skin facade. FDS was used to simulate 14 small models and 2 large models for the best and worst scenarios of DSF. Each of the 14 models, one to three parameters are changed as part of the sensitivity study to determine which parameter have the most and least effect on fire safety in term of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and visibility. The issues the engineers raised and the mitigation measures were modelled, because the engineers had stated their opinions not facts. The output results from FDS illustrated that it is essential that the system shuts off in a fire event to prevent smoke spread to upper floors, which is the same mitigation measure that were emphasised at the interviews.</p>

scholarly journals Occupational risk management of equipment intended for charging electric vehicles

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Georgeta Buica ◽  
Anca Elena Antonov ◽  
Constantin Beiu ◽  
Pasculescu Dragoș ◽  
Remus Dobra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
National Level ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

Implementing the objectives set at the European and national level to minimize dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate the impact of transport on the environment by introducing fiscal facilities has led to an increase in the market for electric vehicles. This increase requires the development and expansion of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The transition from the supply of classic fuel vehicles to the electric ones led to the elimination of some risks and the appearance of new risks for the charging stations’ maintenance staff and the users. The study presents research on the identification of technical and safety requirements specific to a category of work equipment used to charge electric vehicles - charging stations. The technical and safety requirements applicable to electric vehicle charging stations have the role of providing the criteria underlying the management of the necessary risk management of both manufacturers and users and entities that ensure the maintenance of this equipment to adopt highly technical solutions.

scholarly journals Field modeling of the fire dynamics as an answer to the question about the fire alarm performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
I. R. Khasanov ◽  
A. V. Karpov ◽  
S. F. Lobova ◽  
N. V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Smoke Detector ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Field Modeling ◽  
Smoke Detectors ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The performance of a fire alarm needs to be analyzed to answer the question about its compliance with fire safety requirements. This type of research is frequently performed in the course of a forensic fire investigation. Therefore, it is necessary to identify conditions of fire escalation and safe evacuation of people to assess the fire alarm performance.Purposes and objectives. The purpose of this work is the numerical study of the impact, produced by mathematical models of combustion, characteristics of fire loads and locations of fire beds, on fire alarm performance. Methods. Fire dynamics was field modeled to achieve the goal of this research. The analysis of flame propagation was performed with regard for various fire bed locations to simulate the fire alarm operation.Results and discussion. The fulfillment of safe evacuation conditions for cases of irregular arrangement of smoke detectors was analyzed to develop and test the algorithm for the calculation of the evacuation start time. It is shown that the estimated time of fire detection depends on combustion models employed (their average or complex level), the size of the computational grid, fire load specifications and the location of the fire bed.Conclusions. It is shown that the results of the field modeling of fire propagation and detection time are influenced by combustion models used, fire load specifications and the location of the fire bed in relation to smoke detectors. If the fire alarm fails to perform its functions and, consequently, safe evacuation conditions are not fulfilled, it is necessary either to improve the combustion model or to compare the modeling results obtained for actual and standard smoke detector location patterns.

scholarly journals Supporting tools to technical advance in the early stages of design

2019 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Abderrahmen Aridhi ◽  
Jose Jorge Espi ◽  
Juan Pedro Berro ◽  
Mireia Mesas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

The development of methods and tools to support the advancement in scientific and technical solutions has emerged in recent years in order to assist decisions that allow to avoid extra efforts due to the common traditional “trial and error” approach. At the same time, new challenges in terms of environmental protection have also engaged to adopt decisions having into account that climate protection needs to remain as a primer driver in the development of the aviation sector. AIRPOXY will recover all current requirements through an integrated approach where LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), LCC (Life Cycle Cost analysis), HHRA (Human Health Risk Assessment) and numerical simulation of manufacturing processes will work together in order to demonstrate and support the development of thermoformable, repairable and bondable smart epoxy based composites for aero structures. By considering all stated before, the final aim will be double. On one hand, to be informed about technical, environmental, economic and safety requirements during key stages, in order to take informed decisions and optimise it following the Eco-design principles. On the other hand, to obtain objective data to support performance in order to increase the impact of the project and support the further implementation of the technologies as the AIRPOXY solutions reach higher TRLs.

Method of fire hazard assessment of oil and gas industry production technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
A. P. Petrov ◽  
◽  
V. S. Kluban ◽  
L. T. Panasevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Technical Solutions

Introduction. Fire risk can be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. A qualitative method for assessing fire hazard of the technological process (risk analysis) involves a detailed consideration of possible deviations from the technological regulations and failures in the production technology. Therefore, it can significantly increase the reliability of the hazard analysis to justify the technical decisions made to improve fire safety of production. Goals and objectives. Quantitative methods for analyzing fire hazard of technological processes and assessing fire risk have a number of significant drawbacks, they use various models, in which not always reasonable assumptions are often made. The use of such methods sometimes casts doubt on the results obtained. Hazard analysis using a qualitative analysis method is a sequential process of identifying violations not only of technological regulations, but also of fire safety requirements, and, consequently, the causes of accidents. Therefore, one of the most important purposes of this process is to check that all fire safety requirements are met. Methods. Method for assessing fire hazard of production technology by analyzing the consequences of "What happens if...?" (qualitative method of fire hazard assessment) allows us to consider problems related to possible causes of damage to technological equipment, the consequences of these causes, and the options adopted in the considered production for their prevention. The method is based on the development of a list of hazards, their division by hazard level and determining the most dangerous situations on this basis. Such a division makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the developed technical solutions that increase the level of fire safety of the production technology. Results and discussion thereof. The article reveals the essence of the method for assessing the fire hazard of production technology by analyzing the possible consequences of violations of technological regulations. The place of this method in the expert assessment of the fire hazard of production is shown and an example of the practical use of the method is given. Conclusion. Qualitative method of assessing fire danger of the technological process can complement quantitative methods, it can be their integral part, for example, when calculating the fire risk of production facilities, and it can act as an independent method for small enterprises in which it is not required to conduct a state expertise of projects, as well as when there is a need to assess compliance with fire safety requirements of the technical solutions adopted at the stages of design and operation of production. Keywords: pre-emergency situations, major accidents, fire safety system, explosion protection of a tubular furnace

Model for assigning security objects to a specific risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
D. V. Zobkov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Poroshin ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction. A mathematical model is presented for assigning protection objects to certain risk categories in the field of fire safety. The model is based on the concepts of the probability of adverse effects of fires causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of harm (damage) from fires. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop the procedure for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk of harm (damage) based on estimates of the probability of fires with the corresponding severity consequences, to determine the acceptable level of risk of harm (damage) due to the fires, to calculate and develop numerical values of criteria for assigning objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories. Methods. The boundaries of the intervals corresponding to certain risk categories are determined by dividing the logarithmic scale of severity of adverse effects of fires into equal segments. Classification methods are used to assign objects of protection to a specific risk category. Results and discussion. Based on the level of severity of potential negative consequences of a fire, risk categories were determined for groups of protection objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and by functional fire hazard classes. The risk category for each individual object of protection is proposed to be determined using the so-called index of "identification of a controlled person" within a group of objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and class of functional fire hazard. Depending on the risk category, the periodicity of planned control and supervision measures in relation to the specific object of protection under consideration is determined, taking into account its socio-economic characteristics and the state of compliance with fire safety requirements by the controlled person. Conclusions. To develop criteria for classifying protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, the probability of negative consequences of fires, that are causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of causing harm (damage) as a result of fires, is used. The risk category for each individual object of protection is determined taking into account socio-economic characteristics of the object that affect the level of ensuring its fire safety, as well as the criteriaof integrity of the subordinate person that characterize the probability of non-compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection. Calculations are made and numerical values of criteria for assigning protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes to a certain category of risk are proposed. Key words: object of protection, probability of fire, acceptable level of risk, risk category, dangerous factor of fire, death and injury of people.

Features of The Proceedings on Administrative Offenses Initiated for Violation of Fire Safety Requirements

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. K. Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Administrative Legislation ◽  
Administrative Punishment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of administrative proceedings instituted for violations of fire safety requirements, including important changes made in the relevant area of the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of the legislative possibility of applying administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of activities for non-compliance with the requirements of the federal state firefighters oversight (including named changes).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document