scholarly journals Properties of waste of chemical processing of germanium concentrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Igor N. Tanutrov ◽  
◽  
Marina N. Sviridova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Main Components

In order to increase the through extraction of germanium in the technology of production of germanium concentrates, as well as finding ways to eliminate the accumulation of toxic waste, using modern techniques and equipment, the physical and chemical properties of waste chemical processing of germanium concentrates (OHGC) of two domestic enterprises were experimentally studied. The main components of OHGC are: sulphate hemihydrate CaSO4·0.5H2O and hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 calcium. The moisture content of the sludge amounted to 30-50%. The content of germanium in the cakes of both companies is in the range of 0.20 and 0.27%, respectively, indicating the feasibility of recovery in the Ge. At the same time, the samples of cakes differ significantly in the content of impurities, which depends on the types of raw materials in the preparation of concentrates. Granulometric composition of cakes is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 12 µm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5-15 µm. The distribution of particle sizes is shifted in interval of 0-15 µm, and the area of the particles less than 3 µm is not more than 10%. The high dispersion of the cake is reflected in the specific surface area, which is 23.7 m2/g. Thermographic study found that the heating of the sample cake is accompanied by two endothermic effects of dehydration at 110 and 145-168 oC calcium sulfate and hypochloride semihydrate with correspond-ding weight loss of 13.1 and 12.9%. The presence of toxic impurities (arsenic, zinc and lead), as well as chlorine, presents significant challenges for the development of disposal technology with the extraction of germanium. Assuming that the undiscovered part of the germanium in the concentrate is compounds or solid solutions with silicon dioxide, an effective technology should include their reagent high temperature treatment.

scholarly journals Features of Waste Chemical Processing Germanium Concentrates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Nikolaevich Tanutrov ◽  
Marina Nikolaevna Sviridova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In order to increase the extraction of germanium in the technology of production of germanium concentrates, as well as finding ways to eliminate the accumulation of toxic waste using modern techniques and equipment, the physical and chemical properties of waste chemical processing of germanium concentrates (OHGC) of two domestic enterprises were experimentally studied. The main components of OHGC are: sulphate hemihydrate CaSO4·0.5H2O and hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 calcium. The moisture content of the sludge amounted to 30–50 %. The content of germanium in the cakes of both companies is in the range of 0.20 and 0.27 %, respectively, indicating the feasibility of recovery in the Ge. At the same time, the samples of cakes differ significantly in the content of impurities, which depends on the types of raw materials in the preparation of concentrates. Granulometric composition of cakes is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 12 μm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5-15 μm. The distribution of particle sizes is shifted in interval of 0–15 μm, and the area of the particles less than 3 μm is not more than 10 %. The high dispersion of the cake is reflected in the specific surface area, which is 23.7 m2/g. Thermographic study found that the heating of the sample cake is accompanied by two endothermic effects of dehydration at 110 and 145–168 ∘C calcium sulfate and hypochloride semihydrate with corresponding weight loss of 13.1 and 12.9 %. The presence of toxic impurities (arsenic, zinc and lead), as well as chlorine, presents significant challenges for the development of disposal technology with the extraction of germanium. Assuming that the undiscovered part of the germanium in the concentrate is compounds or solid solutions with silicon dioxide, an effective technology should include their reagent high temperature treatment. Keywords: waste, germanium concentrate, chemical processing, waste, physical and chemical properties

scholarly journals Prospects Of Using Walnut In Technologies Of Drinks

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Inna Tiurikova ◽  
Mykhailo Peresichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The results of studies in the field of beverage functionality using walnut are presented. The main components such as celery, Jerusalem artichokes, carrots, pumpkin and rhubarb, as a dietary supplement - extracts from walnut of milk-maturity stage are offered for creating blends. The basic physical and chemical properties of fruit and vegetable raw materials and semi-finished products created on the base of them have been studied, and their nutritional and biological value has been proved. Rational technologies of fruit and vegetable blends with nut additives have been identified. Their biological value has been confirmed. Drinks are recommended for use in the daily diet of human beings to satisfy thirst and enrich the body by biologically valuable components.

Fabrication and Characterization of Yttrium Lanthanum Oxide Transparent Ceramics Using Powders Prepared by Different Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 588-591
Author(s):  
Yun Han Li ◽  
Qiu Hong Yang ◽  
Shen Zhou Lu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Lanthanum Oxide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Transparent Ceramics ◽  
Composite Powders

Yttrium Lanthanum Oxide transparent ceramics were fabricated with (Y0.9La0.1)2O3 powders prepared by different methods. The growth characteristics, physical and chemical properties of the powders were investigated. The wet-chemical composite powders’ particle size was inhibited by La2O3 at high temperature treatment, therefore smaller than that of powders by solid-state reaction method. During the solid-state reaction between La2O3 and Y2O3 at temperature of 700~1100°C, La2O3 may have not effectively hindered the particle growth of Y2O3. (Y0.90La0.10)2O3 ceramic fabricated by both powders own smaller grain size and lower porosity than Y2O3 ceramics. The transmittance and sintering performance of Y2O3 ceramics were also improved after adding of La2O3. The powders prepared by both methods could be used to make high transparency ceramics.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of (Ba, Yb) doped ceria nanopowders

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Matovic ◽  
Jelena Pantic ◽  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Svetlana Ilic ◽  
Nadezda Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Fluorite Type ◽  
Powder Properties ◽  
The Mean

Nanometric size (Ba, Yb) doped ceria powders with fluorite-type structure were obtained by applying selfpropagating room temperature methods. Tailored composition was: Ce0.95-xBa0.05YbxO2-? with fixed amount of Ba - 0.05 and varying Yb content 'x' from 0.05 to 0.2. Powder properties such as crystallite and particle size and lattice parameters have been studied. R?ntgen diffraction analyses (XRD) were used to characterize the samples at room temperature. Also, high temperature treatment (up to 1550?C) was used to follow stability of solid solutions. The mean diameters of the nanocrystals are determined from the full width at half maxima (FWHM) of the XRD peaks. It was found that average diameter of crystallites is less than 3 nm. Williamson- Hall plots were used to separate the effect of the size and strain in the nanocrystals.

scholarly journals Properties of materials for advanced technology of joint utilization of man-made waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Igor N. Tanutrov ◽  
◽  
Marina N. Sviridova ◽  
Sergey A. Lyamkin ◽  
Yury A. Chesnokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Main Components

With the aim of improving the technology of co-processing of red mud (RM) and oily mill scale free (OMS) using co-temporal methods and apparatus, including using equipment of the center «Ural-M», studied the physico-chemical properties of industrial wastes. The main components of RM are: Fe (35.7%) in the form of hematite and complex hydroalumination, Ca (11.0%) in the form of calcite and hydro-aluminosilicates, Al (6.8%) and Si (4.7%) in the composition of hydroalumination, Na (2.8%) in the form of hydroalumination, carbonate and hydroxide, Ti (2.5%) in the form of rutile. The sludge moisture content was 11.9%. The main components of the OMS are: Fe (71%) in the form of magnetite, wustite and hematite with a very small amount of fayalite. The contents of Si (in the form of quartz), Al and P (non-forming phases) are within 1-3%. Humidity OMS – 16.3%, the content of indelible organic matter – 4.0%. Granulometric composition of RM is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 1.6 µm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5-12 µm. Granulometric composition of OMS is characterized by complexity. With an average diameter of 8.6 µm, maxima of 0.9 µm and 15 µm and a minimum of about 1.2 µm are observed in the particle size distribution. The specific surface area of the materials is equal to RM 23.7 m2/g, and OMS – 1.9 m2/g. The change of waste properties after exposure to aqueous solutions of alkalis and acids neutralizing the effect of organic (OMS) and alkaline (RM) surface compounds was studied. Neutralization of aqueous sus¬pension with HCl solution leads to removal of alkaline film from the surface. As a result of the impact of reagents, there is a decrease in the content of water-soluble components in the processing products. At the same time, the average particle sizes of RM and OMS increase to 2 and 14 µm, respectively, and the specific surface area to 25.7 and 2.3 m2/g. The distribution of particle size of RM is almost constant, and the OMS is approximately 5 and 10% of the smoothed maximum and minimum in the area of at least 0.5 and 15 µm.

Thermal Treatment of New Inorganic Thermal Insulation Board Based on Expanded Perlite

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaž Skubic ◽  
Mitja Lakner ◽  
Igor Plazl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
The Right

A new lightweight thermal insulation board, containing expanded perlite and inorganic silicate binder with corresponding industrial production procedure was developed. The industrial technology was developed in cooperation between company Trimo d.d. and Faculty of chemistry and chemical technology Ljubljana and among others includes mixing of raw materials, molding, microwave drying and high temperature treatment of the dried board. A new product has low density (130 – 160 kg/m3), good mechanical properties and durability and can be used in various fields where inorganic thermal insulation is required. The current work presents the experimental study of the final process during plate production – high temperature treatment with sintering. During thermal treatment of the board, certain shrinkage is required to obtain sufficient mechanical properties and durability. Controlling the process of high temperature thermal treatment is the key to achieve the right balance between low final density of the board and its good mechanical properties.

The Nature and Activity of Carbon Black Surfaces

1950 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Smith ◽  
W. D. Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Equal Concentration ◽  
Heats Of Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Chemisorbed Oxygen

Abstract While the electron microscope and adsorption isotherm techniques for evaluating the particle size and surface area of carbon blacks have been particularly valuable in interpreting their behavior in rubber, they also emphasize the fact that reinforcement cannot be interpreted solely on this basis. The activity or nature of the surface must also be considered. Heats of adsorption offer a means of evaluating surface activity. The differential heats of adsorption have been measured by precision calorimetry for nitrogen and a series of C4 hydrocarbons on a group of carbon blacks of varying reinforcing ability. Initial sites of high activity were detected. Surface activity decreases with increasing surface coverage. The magnitude of the initial heats parallels the reinforcing properties of the blacks studied. The surface activity and reinforcing ability of an MPC black was found to be greatly reduced by high temperature treatment. These effects were not influenced by the chemical nature of the surface, i.e., the presence of chemisorbed oxygen or volatile substances. In a further phase of this study, the nature of the surface oxide complexes present on carbon blacks has been studied by means of their emission band spectra in a special vacuum discharge tube. Aldehyde and carboxyl radicals were observed in high concentration. Hydroxyl radicals were also present in nearly equal concentration. These data offer a satisfactory interpretation of the pH properties of carbon black and also should prove of value in interpreting other chemical properties.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF THE TYPES OF MOISTURE BONDS IN PROTEIN-CARBOHYDRATE CONCENTRATES OF CHEESE WHEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V BOGDANOVA ◽  
Elena I MELNIKOVA ◽  
Irina B KOSHEVAROVA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Main Components

The purpose of the research is to improve the technology of producing cheese whey proteincarbohydrate concentrates, in terms of binding moisture with the main components. Objects of the research were natural cheese whey obtained in the production of Rossiyskii cheese and ultrafiltration cheese whey concentrates with protein dry matter percentage of 35 and 55%, produced with the use of MMS Swissflow UF industrial ultrafiltration unit with ceramic membranes. The chemical composition and Physico-chemical properties of raw materials and the finished product have been studied using standard methods. Three stages of sample dehydration have been identified. They conform to moisture release with different bonds and energy. Stage I is the production area where unbound moisture is heated and removed, and water molecules are held by weak capillary forces. Stage II is the production area for immobilized moisture removal. Stage III is the production area for chemically bound water removal, which conforms to the residual moisture after drying the sample. An increase in the least mobile water and a change in the ratio between different types of moisturebinding have been observed with an increase in the protein mass fraction in the dry matter of the samples. It has been found that the Maillard reaction occurred in cheese whey concentrates with protein dry matter percentage of 35 and 55% at the temperatures above 78 and 70 °C, respectively. The temperature range of the unbound moisture release was increasing during the drying process due to an increase of the protein content in concentrates as well as the rate of interaction between proteins and lactose leading to non-enzymatic browning of dry products. It has been established that drying cheese whey protein-carbohydrate concentrates with protein dry matter percentage of 35, and 55% is inexpedient at temperatures exciding 130 and 173 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals How Do the Different Types of Carrier and Drying Techniques Affect the Changes in Physico-Chemical Properties of Powders from Chokeberry Pomace Extracts?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Anna Michalska-Ciechanowska ◽  
Aleksandra Hendrysiak ◽  
Jessica Brzezowska ◽  
Aneta Wojdyło ◽  
Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
By Products

Chokeberry fruit, one of the richest plant sources of bioactives, is processed into different foodstuffs, mainly juice, which generates a considerable amount of by-products. To follow the latest trends in the food industry considering waste management, the study aimed to produce chokeberry pomace extract powders and conduct experimental and chemometric assessment of the effect of different carriers and drying techniques on the physico-chemical properties of such products. The PCA analysis showed that the examined powders were classified into two groups: freeze-dried (variation in case of moisture content, water activity, colour, and browning index) and vacuum-dried (bulk density). No clear pattern was observed for the physical properties of carrier added products. The sum of polyphenolics (phenolic acids, anthocyanins and flavonols) ranged from 3.3–22.7 g/100 g dry matter. Drying techniques had a stronger effect on the polyphenols profile than the type of carrier. Hydroxymethyl-L-furfural formation was enhanced by inulin addition during high-temperature treatment. Overall, the addition of maltodextrin and trehalose mixture for freeze drying and vacuum drying at 90 °C caused the highest retention of polyphenolics and the lowest formation of hydroxymethyl-L-furfural; however, an individual and comprehensive approach is required when the obtainment of high-quality chokeberry powders is expected.

scholarly journals Reduction of hazardous incinerated bio-medical waste ash and its environmental strain by utilizing in green concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suresh Kumar ◽  
M. Muthukannan ◽  
R. Kanniga Devi ◽  
K. Arunkumar ◽  
A. Chithambar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Environmental Strain ◽  
Green Concrete

Abstract Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash (IBWA) is toxic waste material with broad potential (cancer, genetic risk, premature death, permanent disease) to inflict severe health damage for the atmosphere and humans. This waste is disposed of as landfills which contaminate the underground water and environment. The effective way of disposal of IBWA is by utilizing it as a building material which can reduce the hazardous toxic materials. The use of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) combined with IBWA as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has been researched for its ability to create a new type of Green Concrete. The physical and chemical properties were observed for the raw materials. IBWA was used at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% replacement by weight for GGBS. Mixing proportions were 1:2.21:3.48 respectively for GGBS, Manufacturing Sand (M-sand), and coarse aggregate. Fresh properties and Mechanical properties were examined on all specimens. The findings show an increase in the setting time and flow of concrete and a decrease in density with improved utilization of IBWA. On the other hand, IBWA replacement for GGBS enhanced the mechanical properties. These results revealed that IBWA could be partially replaced as source material for Geopolymer Concrete. This research may contribute to the reduction of dangerous IBWA as a building material.

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