scholarly journals Features of the influence of doping carbon sorbents,plant-based, iron nanoparticleson their behavior in the reaction of propane dehydrogenation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nikita A. Panurin ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina B. Markova ◽  
Tatyana F. Sheshko ◽  
Alexander G. Cherednechenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Highly Active

This paper describes the synthesis of highly active and selective catalysts based on natural coal: Jerusalem artichoke, camelina, rape and wheat, and their modification with nanosized iron, for cracking associated petroleum gases (APG) using the example of propane, for solving the ecological problem of environmental pollution and the economic problem of raw materials for the production of a huge range of polymer materials used by mankind in almost all spheres of life. With the help of APG catalysis, an environmental problem can be solved. By sending APG for processing to obtain light olefins for the production of polymeric materials. Currently, catalysts using nanoparticles show high performance in selectivity, product yield, and so on. As the physical properties of nanoparticles affect their catalytic properties, and how catalyst fabrication parameters can in turn affect these physical properties, nanocatalysts can be designed that are highly active, highly selective, and reasonably stable. Also activated carbons from natural plant raw materials have very good adsorption properties, but the nature and kinetics of adsorption are determined not only by the type of natural raw materials, but also by the temperature and other parameters of the technological characteristics of the carbon materials obtained. Also, the use of catalysts in this area is environmentally beneficial, since it allows you to reduce the temperatures of the cracking processes and increase the yield of products of interest. The elemental composition of catalytic systems has been established. The acidity of catalytic systems of both natural coals modified with iron and simple natural coals has been established. A high catalytic activity of modified catalytic systems was revealed – the conversion of associated petroleum gas reaches a maximum at 900 K. A high selectivity in the formation of olefins, about 95% at the maximum conversion, for the obtained catalysts was established.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Main Trends in the Creation of Biodegradable Polymer Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Irina N. Vikhareva ◽  
Evgeniya A. Buylova ◽  
Gulnara U. Yarmuhametova ◽  
Guliya K. Aminova ◽  
Aliya K. Mazitova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Degradation Time

Plastic is one of the most demanded materials on the planet, and the increasing consumption of which contributes to the accumulation of significant amounts of waste based on it. For this reason, a new approach to the development of these materials has been formed: the production of polymers with constant operational characteristics during the period of consumption and capable of then being destroyed under the influence of environmental factors and being involved in the metabolic processes of natural biosystems. The paper outlines the prerequisites for the development of the field of creating biodegradable composite materials, as well as the main technical solutions for obtaining such polymeric materials. The main current solutions for reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The most promising ways of further development of the field of bioplastics production are described. Common types of polymers based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, and modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are considered.

scholarly journals Influence of Operating Conditions on Structure and Physical Properties of Polymeric Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
N. I. Domantsevych ◽  
O. V. Shunkina ◽  
B. P. Yatsyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Microscopic Studies

The changes in structure and physical properties of polymeric materials that exploited in a long time with complex mechanical loads used in pipe systems for high-pressure cold water have been studied. A significant reduction in the mechanical properties of polymeric materials has been established. The most typical structural defects that occur in polymer materials during manufacture and in the exploitations, using electron microscopic studies identified.

scholarly journals Transition to biodegradable composites as a method for solving environmental problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Sabirova ◽  
Ruslan Safin ◽  
Shamil Mukhametzyanov ◽  
Nour Galyavetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

In environmental matters, one of the most pressing problems is the efficient disposal of polymeric materials that have a negative impact on the ecology of soils and oceans. A necessary condition for the sustainable development of industrial production and processing of polymer products is the transition to polymer materials based on renewable plant raw materials, in particular polylactides, polyhydroalkanates, etc. However, the technology for the production of these types of polymers is seriously inferior to synthetic polymers in the field of energy engineering. In this regard, research in the field of creating composite materials by introducing wood filler is currently particularly relevant. This research covers the results of stress-strain behavior of wood filled polylactic wood powder composite materials thermally modified by high temperatures ranged from 200 to 240 °С. Wood impact strength dependence is defined and static bending and composite density dependence on wood filler quantity and the temperature of its thermal modification is also established. It was specified that with the increasing of filler densification and its thermal treatment, the wood impact strength and composite density is decreasing, while with the reduced content of binding, the thermal modification of 200 °С has a positive impact on bending elastic coefficient. The conducted research allows identifying rational areas of use of composite materials as an effective factor in managing natural resources.

scholarly journals Biodegradable polymer materials and modifying additives: state of the art. Part I

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
I.N. Vikhareva ◽  
I.I. Zaripov ◽  
D.F. Kinzyabulatova ◽  
N.S. Minigazimov ◽  
G.K. Aminova
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
Further Development

One of the most demanded materials on the planet is plastic, the excellent performance of which contributes to the accumulation of a significant amount of waste on its basis. In this regard, a new approach to the development of these materials has been formed in scientific circles: the production of polymer composites with constant performance characteristics for a certain period and then capable of destruction under the influence of environmental factors. Analysis of the current state of the industry of polymeric materials shows that the most urgent is the use of such classical polymers as polyolefins and polyvinyl chloride. First of all, the optimal solution to this problem due to the lack of a suitable replacement for traditional polymers is the development of composites based on them with the use of biodegradable additives. In this case, a set of problems associated with waste disposal is solved: the decomposition period of the recycled waste is significantly reduced, the territories required for plastic waste are reduced. The paper outlines the preconditions for the emergence and further development of the field of biodegradable polymers. The main quantitative characteristics of the production capacities of manufactured bioplastics by types, regions and industries of application are given. Modern methods of reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The main global and domestic manufacturers of biodegradable polymers and their products are listed, as well as a list of the main manufacturers of biodegradable additives for polymeric materials. Modern types of bioplastics based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, as well as modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are listed. The main methods for determining the biodegradability of existing bioplastics are described

scholarly journals Effective chemical methods of fire control: new threats and new solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-448
Author(s):  
S. D. Varfoloveev ◽  
S. M. Lomakin ◽  
P. A. Sakharov ◽  
A. V. Khvatov
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

This paper discusses the prospective flame retardant systems for polymeric materials, while considering the environmental issues they create. Polymer nanocomposites with carbon nano-additives and layered silicates are presented as a new type of flame retardant system which exhibits a synergistic effect flame retardancy for traditional polymer thermoplasts. Particular attention is paid to the novel intumescent flame retardants based on the oxidized renewable raw materials, which can be successfully used in the manufacture of multi-purpose timber construction and polymer materials.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF PROPERTIES, STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR FILLING-RETANNING OF LEATHER

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
OLGA ANDREYEVA ◽  
NATALIIA PERVAIA ◽  
INNA LOSHKAREVA ◽  
NATALIA CHUMAKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Melamine Formaldehyde ◽  
Sulfur Silicon ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper presents the results of research of two new industrial polymer materials in the form of the Syntan RS3L product and the Syntan F187 product. It has been experimentally established that these materials differ in appearance, structure, and physicochemical properties. So, the first product is a solution of polyacrylates and is well compatible with water, while the second product is a synthetic composition of melamine-formaldehyde resins and inorganic compounds based on aluminium, iron, potassium, sulfur, silicon in the form of a powder, which is partially soluble in water. Using the method of infrared spectroscopy, the features of the structure of polymeric materials are determined – the presence of various groups and bonds, which indicates the polyfunctional nature of both reagents. It was found that after treatment of a chrome tanned collagen preparation with Syntan LF187, the optical density in the IR spectrum of collagen changes to the greatest extent at a frequency of 876-873 cm-1, which corresponds to stretching vibrations of O-O groups of peroxides in the protein structure. When exposed to the Syntan RS3 product, significant changes are observed in the frequency range 1240-1235 cm-1, which corresponds to the stretching and deformation vibrations of the nitrogen-containing Amide II groups, amines and OH groups of alcohols. When studying the technological capabilities of polymeric materials as reagents for filling and retanning chrome tanned leather for shoe uppers from cattle raw materials, it was found that, according to the organoleptic assessment and the indicator of the generalized objective function, the best were leather samples processed with 2.0 % of the Syntan RS3 product. The results obtained can be explained by the peculiarities of the distribution and interaction of materials in the structure of the dermis, the essence of which is the formation of strong and at the same time flexible bonds, which has a positive effect on the formation of the structure and quality indicators of leather. To confirm the obtained data, it is planned to conduct semi-production tests. It is expected that the quality of the finished product will improve, and the existing vegetable and synthetic tanning agents will be replaced with a modern, more efficient and environmentally friendly polymer material.

scholarly journals Catalytic Stereoselective Conversion of Biomass-Derived 4′-Methoxypropiophenone to Trans-Anethole with a Bifunctional and Recyclable Hf-Based Polymeric Nanocatalyst

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2808
Author(s):  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Mingrui Li ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Mpv Reduction

Anethole (AN) is widely used as an odor cleaner in daily necessities, and can also be applied in the fields of food additives, drug synthesis, natural preservatives, and polymeric materials’ preparation. Considering environmental and economic benefits, the use of biomass raw materials with non-precious metal catalysts to prepare high-value fine chemicals is a very promising route. Here, we developed an acid-base bifunctional polymeric material (PhP-Hf (1:1.5)) composed of hafnium and phenylphosphonate in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 for catalytic conversion of biomass-derived 4′-methoxypropiophenone (4-MOPP) to AN via cascade Meerwein–Pondorf–Verley (MPV) reduction and dehydration reactions in a single pot. Compared with the traditional catalytic systems that use high-pressure hydrogen as a hydrogen donor, alcohol can be used as a safer and more convenient hydrogen source and solvent. Among the tested alcohols, 2-pentanol was found to be the best candidate in terms of pronounced selectivity. A high AN yield of 98.1% at 99.8% 4-MOPP conversion (TOF: 8.5 h−1) could be achieved over PhP-Hf (1:1.5) at 220 °C for 2 h. Further exploration of the reaction mechanism revealed that the acid and base sites of PhP-Hf (1:1.5) catalyst synergistically promote the MPV reduction step, while the Brønsted acid species significantly contribute to the subsequent dehydration step. In addition, the PhP-Hf polymeric nanocatalyst can be recycled at least five times, showing great potential in the catalytic conversion of biomass.

Mechanical Properties of Irradiated Polyamide under Thermal Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Maňas ◽  
Ales Mizera ◽  
Vojtech Šenkeřík
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Radiation Crosslinking ◽  
Positive Effect

It was found in this study, that radiation crosslinking has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of selected type polyamide. In recent years, there have been increasing requirements for quality and cost effectiveness of manufactured products in all areas of industrial production. These requirements are best met with the polymeric materials, which have many advantages in comparison to traditional materials. The main advantages of polymer materials are especially in their ease of processability, availability, and price of the raw materials. Radiation crosslinking is one of the ways to give the conventional plastics mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of expensive and highly resistant construction polymers. The main purpose of this paper has been to determine the effect of radiation crosslinking on the tensile strength and elongation of PA 66 (filled with 30 % glass fibers). These properties were examined in dependence on the dosage of the ionizing electron beam radiation (non-irradiated samples and those irradiated by dosage 66 and 132 kGy were compared) and on the test temperature (23, 50, 80, and 110 oC). Radiation cross-linking of PA 66 results in increased mechanical strength, and decreased of elongation. As an addition, the increased surface microhardness of polyamide was found.

BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

Palladium Promoted Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide with Polar or Nonpolar Olefinic Monomers

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlin Zong ◽  
Qiankun Li ◽  
Hongliang Mu ◽  
Zhongbao Jian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
Pd Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Systems

Abstract:: The copolymers of carbon monoxide (CO) and olefins, namely polyketones, are a family of widely used materi-als. In the catalytic preparation of these materials, palladium(II) catalysts represent the most successful catalytic systems. The production of both alternating and non-alternating polyketones has been achieved, with great difference in their physical properties. Herein, a variety of palladium(II) catalysts employed for the copolymerization of CO with various olefinic mon-omers such as ethylene, α-olefins, styrene and polar vinyl monomers are fully summarized. The influence of important fac-tors such as solvents and counterions on specific copolymerization, is also discussed. This review aims to enlighten the de-sign of new Pd catalysts with improved properties, as well as the development of new polyketone materials.

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