scholarly journals International Practices for Russian Taxi Market Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
A. A. Morosanova ◽  
A. I. Meleshkina
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Relevant Market ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Taxi Market

The analysis of international experience in regulating taxi markets allows to identify potential risks of regulatory interference in the passenger transportation markets in Russia. Section 1 examines the international experience of tariff regulation and taxi market deregulation measures, taking into account empirical studies of the tariff restrictions effectiveness. Section 2 contains examples of quotas, restricted the number of passenger taxis or licenses. Since regulatory practice is not limited to these methods, section 3 provides cases of establishing additional requirements for the carrier's activities. The conclusion contains all cases summary and a list of potential risks of implementing the tariff regulation policy in taxi market in Russian Federation. It is concluded that markets with dynamic pricing may react ambiguously to the straightening or weakening of tariff and quotas regulation.The research is based on the theory of institutional change, including developments on the problems of institutional design and regulatory impact assessment.The choice of cases is determined by the information availability about the results of the introduced regime of taxi services regulation. This makes it possible to analyze the qualitative characteristics of relevant market dynamics without diving into quantitative calculations and collecting statistics.

THE PROBLEM OF OFFSHORE ZONES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE IMPACT AND WAYS OF COUNTERING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Startsev ◽  
◽  
Emil R. Myalikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The authors provide a study of Russian and international experience of offshore zones, the problems of regulation by Russian and international law and examples and consequences of the capital out-flow as a lack of regulation policy.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Eva Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Political Learning ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 11 aggregates the conceptual developments and theoretical argument and research findings presented in the previous chapters into a theoretical framework for studying the political leadership of elected politicians in the age of governance. The framework suggests that interactive political leadership holds the potential to promote robust political authorization in the age of governance through a promotion of interactive democracy, political learning accountability, interactive political entrepreneurship, and socio-political implementation. Conditioning factors are multi-level governance, an increased mediatization of political communication and access to interactive political platforms and arenas. Moreover, the chapter provides twenty propositions regarding the prospects for, and dilemmas and challenges related to the performance of interactive political leadership that can guide and inspire future research. Finally, the chapter proposes an agenda for future research and highlights the need for empirical studies on the scope for interactive political leadership in different contexts, discourse analyses of current understandings of political leadership and followership, process studies of the interplay between politicians and citizens, and studies of the impact of institutional design on political leadership styles.

scholarly journals Problems in the regulatory policy of the drug market

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Molleis Miziara ◽  
Diogo Rosenthal Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Drug Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
Maximum Price ◽  
Regulatory Law ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Government Body

OBJECTIVE Analyze the implementation of drug price regulation policy by the Drug Market Regulation Chamber.METHODS This is an interview-based study, which was undertaken in 2012, using semi-structured questionnaires with social actors from the pharmaceutical market, the pharmaceuticals industry, consumers and the regulatory agency. In addition, drug prices were compiled based on surveys conducted in the state of Sao Paulo, at the point of sale, between February 2009 and May 2012.RESULTS The mean drug prices charged at the point of sale (pharmacies) were well below the maximum price to the consumer, compared with many drugs sold in Brazil. Between 2009 and 2012, 44 of the 129 prices, corresponding to 99 drugs listed in the database of compiled prices, showed a variation of more than 20.0% in the mean prices at the point of sale and the maximum price to the consumer. In addition, many laboratories have refused to apply the price adequacy coefficient in their sales to government agencies.CONCLUSIONS The regulation implemented by the pharmaceutical market regulator was unable to significantly control prices of marketed drugs, without succeeding to push them to levels lower than those determined by the pharmaceutical industry and failing, therefore, in its objective to promote pharmaceutical support for the public. It is necessary reconstruct the regulatory law to allow market prices to be reduced by the regulator as well as institutional strengthen this government body.

scholarly journals Optimal Fare, Vacancy Rate, and Subsidies under Log-Linear Demand with the Consideration of Externalities for a Cruising Taxi Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsiao Chu
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
External Cost ◽  
Vacancy Rate ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Taxi Market ◽  
Log Linear

Externality is an important issue for formulating the regulation policy of a taxi market. However, this issue is rarely taken into account in the current policy-making process, and it has not been adequately explored in prior research. This study extends the model proposed by Chang and Chu in 2009 with the aim of exploring the effect of externality on the optimization of the regulation policy of a cruising taxi market. A closed-form solution for optimizing the fare, vacancy rate, and subsidy of the market is derived. The results show that when the externality of taxi trips is taken into consideration, the optimal vacancy rate should be lower and the subsidy should be higher than they are under current conditions where externality is not considered. The results of the sensitivity analysis on the occupied and vacant distance indicate that the relation of the vacant distance to the marginal external cost is more sensitive than the occupied distance. The result of the sensitivity analysis on the subsidy shows the existence of a negative relationship between the marginal external cost and the optimal subsidy.

scholarly journals The Current State of ERP Systems in Banking Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Metaxiotis ◽  
Konstantinos Liagkouras
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Erp Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficient Information ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract—Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate the organizations business functions allowing efficient information sharing across all business divisions. Through the information sharing is achieved not only better coordination but also faster and more efficient adjustment to the potential risks and business opportunities alike. This paper examines the particularities of ERP systems implementation and operation for the banking sector by considering a wide range of sources such as journal and conference papers, empirical studies and reports. Finally, through the thorough examination of the available literature, we draw conclusions about the effect by the implementation of ERP systems in the banking sector.

The Labor Market Regulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Samir Amine
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Labor Market Regulation

This article aims to provide an analytical and critical reading of the state of knowledge on legislation relating to employment protection (EPL) and its impacts on unemployment, jobs creation, productivity and more generally efficiency of the labor market. We show that the construction of indicators of EPL adopted by the OECD is incomplete and does not take into account local specificities of each labor market. We also show that the dominant idea among liberals that any regulations impeding freedom of the labor market generates unemployment and loss of effectiveness is not so obvious to verify empirically and can even be contradicted. In this analysis, we rely on a critical review of theoretical and empirical studies which have examined the effects of EPL. We also discuss some alternatives such as bonus-malus system or the single contract that have been put forward to address the limitations of a relatively strict EPL.

scholarly journals Conservation conversations: a typology of barriers to conservation success

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Jeanette Sanders ◽  
Laura Miller ◽  
Shonil A. Bhagwat ◽  
Alex Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Despite considerable achievements in the field of conservation, biodiversity continues to decline and conservation initiatives face numerous barriers. Although many of these barriers are well known, for example insufficient funding and capacity, there has been no systematic attempt to catalogue and categorize them into a typology. Because risks compromise the conservation mission, any barrier to success is a risk. Here we present the first attempt at identifying key barriers. We analyse extensive interviews with 74 conservationists, primarily from Africa but with international experience, to identify potential risks to their projects and use that information to create a typology of barriers to conservation success. We draw on the literature to explain the prevalence of some of the barriers identified. We suggest that this typology could form the basis of heuristic tools that conservationists can use to identify and manage potential risks to their projects, thereby improving decision-making, strategic planning and, ultimately, overall impact. The typology is also useful for the conservation community (comprising conservationists and funders) to help implement better practices and improve the likelihood of success. We present examples of such work already underway and suggest more can be done to continue to improve.

Microfinance intermediation: regulation of financial NGOs in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Anku-Tsede
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Prudential Regulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This study aims to seek to fill a gap in regulatory impact assessment in developing countries by presenting an analysis of how formal regulation impact on the efficiency and productivity of financial non-governmental organisations (FNGOs) in Ghana. Much has been written about the formal financial sector, but very little is known about the lower end of microfinance and the impact of formal prudential regulation on FNGOs providing microfinance services. The Bank of Ghana (BOG), nevertheless, in the year 2011, extended formal prudential regulation to FNGOs without any empirical basis. This study uses regulatory theories and empirical evidence to aid in the evaluation of whether formal prudential regulation is appropriate for FNGOs operating within the microfinance sector. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence derived from FNGOs, regulatory agents, consumers and financial lawyers within the Greater Accra and Ashanti Regions of Ghana served as the basis of the analysis in this study. Descriptive statistics, frequency counts and percentage scores, were used to analyse the data collected. Findings – The existing structures of FNGOs in Ghana are unsuitable for formal prudential regulation. The BOG does not have adequate staffing and funding to supervise and monitor the microfinance activities of FNGOs. Formal prudential regulation could impede growth and efficient delivery of microfinance services. Research limitations/implications – The BOG is the only regulatory agency responsible for regulating the financial market in Ghana, thus access to officers with knowledge in the regulatory regime was very limited. Practical implications – The study revealed in depth information about FNGOs, microfinance and the impact of formal prudential regulation on FNGOs. Originality/value – The study is the first to use empirical studies and theories of regulation to assess the impact of extending formal prudential regulation to FNGOs in Ghana. Data from the regulator, the regulated and consumers, the key players in any regulatory process, served as the basis of the analysis in the study resulting in the unravelling of in-depth information on the regulation of FNGOs.

The State, Informal Networks, and Financial Market Regulation in Post-Soviet Russia, 1990–2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilja Viktorov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Financial Market Regulation ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Further Development

The article examines how informal networks inside the Russian state influenced the formation and further development of the country’s financial markets during the 1990s and 2000s. The main argument is that the activities of these networks made it difficult to implement any coherent state regulation policy in the field. At the same time, rivalry between competing informal networks and different organizations contributed to institutional development and some improvements. The result was a dualist institutional structure of the Russian speculative financial markets that reproduced itself throughout the period in question. The study is based on in-depth interviews conducted at Moscow-based financial institutions.

scholarly journals The market regulation triad: Antitrust, industrial policy and protectionism in the optical fiber market

Upravlenets ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Andrey Shastitko ◽  
Anna Meleshkina ◽  
Olga Markova
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Design Data

Implementation of the import substitution strategy in Russia in some cases is associated with the risk of the state supporting technologically ineffective domestic producers, whose interests are taken into account in the course of industry regulation and antitrust. The article examines the problems of using the tools of antimonopoly policy (and its relationship with industrial policy) in the context of launching single-mode optical fiber by a Russian company with limited technological production competencies in the short term. While analyzing the results of optical fiber antitrust case, the authors identify the distortion of the Russian competition policy objectives and the misuse of its tools. Methodologically, the study rests on industrial organization theory, antitrust economics and new institutional economic theory (in particular, institutional design). Data from the analytical agency CRU Monitor and customs statistics are used as the information base for quantitative (economic-statistical) analysis. The article identifies the factors that determine the dynamics of the optical fiber market: demand for optical fiber cable (product of the related market); production capacities of preforms as the main raw material for optical fiber; integration of the stages of the optical fiber production process; and investments in R&D. The Elzinga-Hogarty test was performed to delimit the geographical boundaries of the single-mode fiber market. The results shows that the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia drew false conclusions about narrow geographical boundaries within the Russian Federation. This conclusion is important in terms of complying with the procedure for analyzing the competition in commodity markets, since incorrect delimitation of the market’s geographical boundaries can lead to erroneous estimates of market concentration and the mistaken detection of a company’s market dominance as a potential competitor of a domestic manufacturer. Lobbying the interests of national manufacturers not only contradicts the principles of competition protection, but also reduces the incentives of new market players to innovate and accumulate knowledge specific to the industry, which is one of the key factors of competitiveness in the optical communication markets

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