scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR PENGGUNAAN FORMALIN PADA PEDAGANG TAHU DI PASAR TRADISONAL KOTA SERANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Fauzul Hayat ◽  
Darusmini Darusmini
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Schiff Reagent

Formalin is known as a disinfectant, germicide and non-food preservative. For this reason, useing formalin in tofu food products is strictly prohibited. The importance of preventing the use of formalin in tofu traders has an impact on human health so it is safe for consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine of formaldehyde used among tofu traders in the traditional market of Serang City. Cross-sectional study with total sampling technique. The research sample was 43 tofu traders and 43 tofu samples were taken. Questionnaire instrument to obtain data on the variables of knowledge, attitudes and supervision variables that had previously been tested for validity (r count > r table) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (α) value of 0.947 > 0.60. Tofu formalin content examination was carried out by the Regional Health Laboratory (Labkesda) Serang City using the Schiff reagent test. The results showed that there were (67.4%) tofu trader were positive formalin. There is no relationship between attitudes and use of formaldehyde in tofu traders (p=1,000). There is a relationship between knowledge (p=0.016) and supervision (p=0.004) with the use of formalin in tofu traders. Application of regulations, supervision traders and producers to prevent the use of formaldehyde in food.

scholarly journals Male Involvement in Family Planning: Challenges and Way Forward

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Adelekan ◽  
Philomena Omoregie ◽  
Elizabeth Edoni
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Public Health Officials

Public health officials have advocated the involvement of men as a strategy for addressing the dismal performance of family planning (FP) programmes. This study was therefore designed to explore the challenges and determine way forward to male involvement in FP in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osogbo, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study involved the use of a four-stage sampling technique to select 500 married men and interviewed them using semistructured questionnaire. In addition, four focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted. Mean age of respondents was 28.5 ± 10.3 years. Some (37.9%) of the respondents’ spouse had ever used FP and out of which 19.0% were currently using FP. Only 4.8% of the respondents had ever been involved in FP. Identified barriers to male involvement included the perception that FP is woman’s activity and was not their custom to participate in FP programme. More than half of the FGD discussants were of the view that men should provide their wives with transport fare and other resources they may need for FP. The majority of the respondents had never been involved in family planning with their wives. Community sensitization programmes aimed at improving male involvement in FP should be provided by government and nongovernmental agencies.

Prevalence and factors associated to depression among Debrebirhan University students: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
(MD
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Debre Birhan

Abstract Background: Undiagnosed depression among university students has an adverse effect on the wellbeing and academic performance of students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among Debre Birhan university students. Methodology: Institutional based cross-sectional study design is conducted in Debre Birhan University from April to June 2013 E.C. Three hundred sixty nine students participated in this study which was selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a self-administered PHQ-9 standard depression questionnaire. First the data was entered into in Epidata 3.1 and then was exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Associated factors were identified using binary logistic regression and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared as statistically significant factors with the outcome variables. Result: All of the study subjects were between ages 18 and 33 with a mean age of 22.65 9 ± 2.78. The overall prevalence of depression is 17.1%. Among this according to PHQ-9 scores cut scores, 161(43.6 %) scored as normal (0–4), 145(39.3%) scored as mild (5–9), 53(14.4%) scored as moderate (10–14), 4(1.1%) scored as moderately severe (15–19) and 6(1.6%) students scored as sever (> 20). In multivariate analysis being female AOR = 9.28[3.47–24.81], academic year AOR = 0.236[0.059–0.936], smoking 26.3[9.33–74.1] and alcohol use AOR of 2.62[0.95–7.21] are significantly associated with depression. Conclusion and recommendation: This study found a considerable proportion of undergraduate students with depression. Higher institutions need to pay special attention to students especially those who are female, junior students, smokers and alcohol users.

scholarly journals Identify the Causes of Absenteeism in Nurses Mayo Hospital Lahore Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Kanwal ◽  
Ghazala Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Riaz ◽  
Shoumaila Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Job Dissatisfaction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
Usual Pattern

Absenteeism is a usual pattern of absence from a duty or responsibility. Usually, absenteeism is considered as an indication of person poor performance. In this study a descriptive cross sectional study design was used. A close ended questionnaire was used as a research tool. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20 version. Nurses are absent from their duties because they suffer from minor ailments e.g. headache and backache? In response of this question, 42.5% responded said that they are strongly agreed, 17.5% were agreed, 8.8% were neutral, 21.3% were disagreed, and 10% were strongly agreed. Nurses do absent from their work because workload is too heavy, 42.5% were agreed, 30% were strongly agreed, 12.5% were neutral,7.5% were disagreed and 7.5% were also strongly disagreed. The lack of appropriate recognition and reward could lead to dissatisfaction and absenteeism among nurses, in response of this question nurses asked that they do absent 31.3% agreed, 41.3% strongly agreed, 15.0% are neutral, 12.5%are disagreed and 0% are strongly disagreed. Staff absenteeism is a growing management concern. It can contribute to sickness absence, staffing instability, work overload and job dissatisfaction that could have a negative impact on patient care. The rate of absenteeism can be reduced by productive management, and loyal leadership. It will not only reduce absenteeism rate but also improve quality of care toward the patients. In return of good performance nurses need appraisal.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-2: 110-114

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use among Adolescents of a Public School of Kaski District

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Sailaja Sharma ◽  
Ratna Shila Banstola ◽  
Sakuntala Pageni
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Tobacco is one of the proven risk factors, contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among adolescents of a selected public School in Kaski district. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted and data was collected with self-administered questionnaire from 168 respondents. Results: The prevalence of tobacco-use was 19.6 percent and mean age of initiation was13.84 years. The most common reasons for smoking were peer pressure (63.3%), imitation (27.3%), family influence (27.3%) and quest for new experience (21.2%). Tobacco-use was strongly associated with ethnicity (p=0.03), mother's education level (p=0.02), father's occupation (p=0.03), peer pressure (p=0.01) and friends smoking habit (p=0.03). Conclusion: Tobacco-focused interventions are required for school going adolescents to promote cessation among users and prevent its initiation.

scholarly journals Effect of Binocular Vision Problems on Childhood Academic Performance and Teachers' Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Hassan Alrasheed ◽  
Abd Elaziz Mohamed Elmadina
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Teachers Perspectives ◽  
Academic Record

Purpose:  To see the effect of binocular vision problems on childhood academic performance and to record the teacher's perspectives about childhood eye care in Khartoum State of Sudan. Place and Duration of Study:  A descriptive cross-sectional study done among the school going children in the Khartoum State of Sudan during the year 2018. Study Design:  Descriptive cross sectional study. Material and Methods:  Three hundred and forty (340) primary school children’s were recruited for study by convenient sampling technique during the academic year 2018. After relevant history, ocular examination was performed. It included visual acuity measurement, assessment of refractive errors and binocular function tests. Academic performance of the children was recorded from academic records of the children. Finally, the qualitative data was derived from teachers’ perspectives about childhood eye care. Results:  Mean age of the participants was 11.96 ± 1.63 years. The findings revealed that (78.6%) of children achieved poor academic performances with decompensated exophoria at near. 52.7% children with poor academic performances had weak positive fusion reserve at near P = 0.04. 37.2% of the poor performers had convergence insufficiency. Fort eight percent of females with ocular complaints achieved poor academic performances P = 0.034. With regard to teacher's perspectives about childhood eye care, 98.8%believed that the vision problems had effect on the academic record of the children. Seventy percent of the teachers reported that the students did not undergo eye examinations before joining school. Conclusion:  Convergence Insufficiency and weak positive fusional reserve at near has a significant effect on academic performances.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on defective vision among secondary school going children in Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3995
Author(s):  
Chinta Durga Kumar ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Defective Vision

Background: Eye is one of the most vital organs of human body. Any abnormality in the eye can impair vision and make the person handicapped for life. The school children form a special group because they are most vulnerable to the effects of reduced vision and its impact on learning capability and educational potential. The objective of the study was to find out the factors affecting vision of secondary school children, to suggest preventive and remedial measures for defective vision.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. School children of Zilla Parishad secondary high school during November 2016 to December 2016 were studied. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 320 students were included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results were expressed as proportions for different study variables.Results: Out of the 320 students, majority 181 (56.56%) of study participants were girls. The highest number of students (49.38%) was between 12-13 years of age group. Prevalence of defective vision is 34%. Family history is present in 29% of the study population. 34% of children with defective vision, it was detected by their mother.Conclusions: Refractive errors are more in girls. Children and parents should be educated regarding ocular hygiene and early correction of refractive errors.

scholarly journals Exploring the Knowledge Levels of Bankers on Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTICE JONATHAN ◽  
Stephen Baba ◽  
Etornam Kwawudade Kezia ◽  
Solomon Abambila ◽  
Charity Gyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Growing Economy

Background: Overweight and obesity are becoming serious public health menace in the world today. Weight gain is skyrocketing across the globe due to growing economy, fast food expansion and a shift towards more sedentary living. However, most people lack knowledge regarding risks associated with overweight and obesity. Aim: The study aimed to explore the knowledge level of bankers in the Ho Municipality on the health risks associated with overweight and obesity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design with quantitative method was employed. The study spanned from September 7, 2018 to April 25, 2019. A self-administered questionnaire and convenience sampling technique were used to obtain data. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Developer and the results presented in statistical tables and graphs. Results: Of 136 participants investigated, 67 (49.3%) were between 31 - 40 years. 2 participants (1.5%) were underweight, 49(36.0%) had normal weight, 43(31.6%) were overweight while 42 (30.9%) were obese. The study revealed that female bankers were prone to overweight (37.78%) while the males were prone to obesity (56.52%). Participants generally had low knowledge and awareness on health risks of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Most bankers in the Ho Municipality were overweight and obese due to insufficient knowledge and low awareness on the risks associated with overweight and obesity. Public education and awareness creation are urgently needed to stem the tide.

scholarly journals Gambaran Kebiasaan Menyirih dan Lesi Mukosa Mulut pada Mahasiswa Papua Di Manado

e-GIGI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dame R. Marbun
Keyword(s):  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Kebiasaan menyirih telah dilakukan sejak dahulu kala di Indonesia, khususnya pada suku Papua. Banyak anggapan masyarakat bahwa menyirih dapat menguatkan gigi geligi dan menghambat terjadinya karies, namun dibalik dampak positif dari menyirih ini, ada juga dampak negatifnya berupa timbulnya lesi pada mukosa yang melapisi rongga mulut.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh gambaran kebiasaan menyirih pada mahasiswa Papua di Kota Manado, mencakup: tujuan menyirih, bahan campuran menyirih, lamanya kebiasaan menyirih, frekuensi menyirih, dan faktor pendorong kebiasaan menyirih serta untuk mengetahui gambaran lesi mukosa mulut pada mahasiswa Papua di Kota Manado.Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian desktiptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan ialah total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Dari 30 subjek yang diperiksa, sebagian besar merupakan wanita, usia 17-27 tahun. Lamanya menyirih terbanyak 6-10 tahun, dengan frekuensi terbanyak 1-3 kali sehari, bahan campuran menyirih yang paling banyak digunakan ialah campuran sirih, pinang dan kapur. Faktor pendorong utama menyirih yakni karena keinginan sendiri, dimana tujuan menyirih terbanyak yakni agar gigi menjadi kuat dan sehat. Dari 30 subjek ada 29 orang (96,66%) memiliki lesi dalam rongga mulutnya. Lesi yang diduga sebagai Oral Submucous Fibrosis yakni sebanyak 90% dan lesi yang diduga sebagai Betel Chewers Mucosa sebanyak 6,66%.Kata kunci: Kebiasaan menyirih, lesi mukosa mulut, Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Betel Chewer’s MucosaABSTRACTBetel chewing as a habit has been done since a long time ago in Indonesia, especially in Papua. There are some public perceptions that betel chewing can strengthen teeth and prevent caries. But, behind the positive effect of betel chewing, there are negative effects too, such as the onset of lesions in the oral mucosa.The purpose of this research is to get an overview of betel chewing habit on Papuan students in Manado, including the purpose of betel chewing, the complete material of betel chewing, duration of betel chewing, frequency of betel chewing, the driving factor of betel chewing, and to get an overview on oral mucosal lesions on Papuan students in Manado.The type of this research is descriptive research with a cross - sectional study. The sampling technique is total sampling with a sample size of 30 people. The 30 examined subjects, mostly women with age ranging from 17-27 years. The most length of chewing from 6-10 years, with the highest frequency of chewing 1-3 times a day, the average mixture of betel commonly used is betel, areca nut and slaked lime. The major driving factor in betel chewing is their own desire and the most common purpose is to get a strong and healthy teeth. 29 of 30 subjects (96,66%) have lesions in the oral cavity. In 90% of the sample, expected as Oral Submucous Fibrosis and in 6,66% expected as Betel Chewer’s Mucosa.Keyword: Betel chewing habit, oral mucosal lesions, Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Betel Chewer’s Mucosa

scholarly journals Determinan Kejadian Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (Bblr) di Gorontalo

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Firdausi Ramadhani ◽  
Yanti Hz. Hano
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian bayi Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan adalah  Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu yang melahirkan berjumlah 853 responden, dengan Sampel yaitu sebanyak 202 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekhnik Purposive Sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) 34 responden (16,8%) dan bayi Berat Badan Lahir Normal (BBLN) 168 responden (83,2%). Hasil bivariat didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan (p-value 0,044), pendapatan keluarga (p-value 0,029) dengan kejadian bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Sedangkan, jumlah paritas (p value 0,523),  jarak kehamilan (p-value 0,659), dan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) (p-value 0,637) tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statisti dengan kejadian bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR).    This study aims to determine several factors associated with the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW) in the Limboto Health Center, Gorontalo District. The method used is analytic observational with a cross sectional study approach. The population was all mothers who gave birth totaling 853 respondents, with a sample of 202 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the proportion of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies was 34 respondents (16.8%) and Normal Birth Weight (BBLN) babies were 168 respondents (83.2%). The bivariate results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p value 0.044), family income (p value 0.029) with the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW). Meanwhile, the parity (p value 0.523), pregnancy distance (p-value 0.659), and Chronic Energy Deficiency (P-value 0.637) did not have a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW).

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