Induction of Colon tumor and Intestinal tumor in Swiss Albino Mice by the DihydroMicrocystin –LR, [D‐Asp3] Microcystin‐WR and [D‐Asp3] Microcystin‐HtyR produced by the Cyanobacterial strains Isolated from water bodies in semi‐desert region of India

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
R. Ashwin Kumar ◽  
K. Ramani ◽  
S. K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Intestinal Tumor ◽  
Anabaena Doliolum ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
High Level ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The crude extracts of two cyanobacterial strains, isolated from water bodiesof Shekhawati region of India, and identified as Anabaena doliolum andNostoc spongiaeforme,  in‐vivo mouse bioassay model. A dose of 100μg of totalprotein/kg of body weight showed restlessness, spasmodic leaping, slowmovement and loss of co Ã¢â‚¬Âordination within 6hours of intraperitonial (i.p)administration in Swiss albino mice. Further purification of crude extractswith the help of thin layer chromatography using silica gel GF 60 plates,showed four spots for each of these strains. The chronic toxicity studies withsub lethal dose of spot Ã¢â‚¬Â3 from A. doliolum have shown to cause colon tumors,whereas sub lethal dose of spot Ã¢â‚¬Â3 from N. spongiaeforme induced theintestinal tumors. An increase in oxidative stress (MDA level), serum ALT,ALP, AST and LDH level was also found in both the cases. These spots werefurther analysis with HPLC and MALDI TOFF Ms and were identified as DihydroMicrocystin –LR and [D Ã¢â‚¬ÂAsp3] Microcystin‐WR in case of Ad spot‐3 andMicrocystin Ã¢â‚¬ÂLR and [D‐Asp3] microcystin‐HtyR in case of Ns spot‐3.showed high level of hepatotoxicity and tumor promotingactivity in 

In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kumar ◽  
D Swami ◽  
DP Nagar ◽  
KP Singh ◽  
J Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Brain Ache Activity ◽  
Protection Index

The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effect of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract ofArtemisia afraon Alloxan Induced Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Ahmed Issa ◽  
Mohammed Hussen Bule
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Albino Mice

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic syndrome that causes disability, early death, and many other complications. Currently insulin and many synthetic drugs are used in diabetes treatment. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are too expensive particularly for sub-Saharan population in addition to their undesirable side effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic effect and toxicity level ofArtemisia afrawhich was collected from its natural habitat in Bale Zone, around Goba town, 455 km southeast of Addis Ababa. Air dried aerial parts ofArtemisia afrawere separately extracted with both distilled water and 95% methanol. Oral acute toxicity test was conducted on healthy Swiss albino mice. Antidiabetic effect of the aqueous and methanolic extracts ofArtemisia afrawas separately evaluated on alloxan induced diabetic mice at doses of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally. The results indicate that mean lethal dose (LD50) for aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas 9833.4 mg/Kg. Blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 24% (p<0.005) and 56.9% (p<0.0004) in groups that received aqueous extract ofArtemisia afraat dose of 500 mg/Kg and 750 mg/Kg, respectively. The methanolic extract ofArtemisia afraalso significantly lowered blood glucose by 49.8% (p<0.0001) at doses of 1000 mg/kg on the 5th hr. Aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas regarded as nontoxic and safe since its LD50was found above 5000 mg/Kg. Aqueous extract showed higher effect at relatively lower dose as compared to methanolic extract. The aqueous extract was screened positive for phytochemicals like flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins that were reported to have antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of pristine molybdenum disulphide nanosheets in Swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti S Saxena ◽  
Umakant Yadav ◽  
Himanshu Mishra ◽  
Vimal Singh ◽  
Anchal Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Significant Alteration ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Albino Mice

The Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2-NSs) thin films has received increasing attention recently due to their versatile multi functionality including catalytic properties, photoluminescence and flexibility, which suggests their future, uses for biomedical applications. However, there are no studies in detail related with biocompatibility of MoS2 thin sheets. Here, weevaluated the dose-dependent effects of MoS2-NSs on cell viability (MTT assay) and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into culture media using MG-63 cells, as well as haemolysis, hematological, serum biochemical, antioxidants and histopathological parameters in Swiss albino mice. The MoS2-NSs was synthesized via facile hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. The in vitro study results suggest that at lower concentration MoS2-NSs does not causes any toxicity. The lethal dose (LD50) was evaluated by intraperitoneal administration with different concentrations and estimated as ~1.0 mg kg-1. The higher dose (1.5 mg kg-1) of MoS2-NSs showed significant alteration in hematological markers and serum biochemical enzymes, as compared to control. Lipid peroxidation also shows significant alteration with respect to the control. Histopathological, hematological and biochemical examination, revealed no remarkable changes at lower concentration (less than 1.0 mg kg-1), however, higher concentration (1.5 mg kg-1) causes significant histopathological, antioxidants and biochemical alterations in tissues and serum, respectively. The results suggest that the lower concentration of MoS2-NSs can be used in future biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Two Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants of Afar Region, Ethiopia, against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibhatu Gebrehiwot ◽  
Mohammed Shumbahri ◽  
Amelework Eyado ◽  
Tilahun Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

The objective of the present study was to investigate phytochemical components, antiplasmodial activity (in vivo) and evaluate the toxicity of two local medicinal plants, namely, Salvadora persica L. and Balanites rotundifolia (Van Tiegh.) used in Afar ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria. In this study, phytochemical screening has been done using standard methods and the existence of antiplasmodial compounds was detected in these plant extracts. Four-day Peter’s test was used to determine parasite inhibition, PCV was determined by Wintrob’s method, and effects against loss of body weight and improvements on survival time were determined. LD50s of the crude extracts have been also done. Acute toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out in Swiss albino mice prior to antimalarial activity test. All extracts revealed no obvious acute toxicities on mice up to the highest (5000mg/kg) dose given. The crude extract was estimated to have oral median lethal dose higher than 5,000 mg/kg. With the 4-day suppressive test, both plant extracts demonstrated dose-dependent significant reduction in parasitemia level at all test doses compared to the negative control: in the extract of B. rotundifolia 500 mg/kg extract (60.59±3.25%), 350 mg/kg extract (48.1±1.4), and 200 mg/kg extract (41.33±1.1%) were found. And in case of S. Persica 500 mg/kg extract (50.6±4.01%), 350 mg/kg extract (35.85±0.89), and 200 mg/kg extract (27.69±1.14%) were found. The results of this study provide support for the traditional therapeutic value and the reported antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION ON HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS OF SWISS ALBINO MICE

2011 ◽  
Vol 01 (01/03) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Suchetha Kumari N ◽  
Madhu L.N
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Micronucleus Formation ◽  
Electron Beam Radiation ◽  
Survival Assay ◽  
Free Radical Formation ◽  
Albino Mice

AbstractIonizing radiation which results in the free radical formation and it leads to damage of biological macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids. 36 male Swiss albino mice were used for survival assay, to find out the lethal dose of Electron Beam Radiation. It was found to be 10Gy was the lethal dose for mice. Different dosages (4Gy, 6Gy and 8Gy) of electron beam radiation were used to study the micronucleus formation in irradiated mice. The results showed micronucleus formation will increase linearly with radiation dosage.

Effect of β-cyfluthrin (synthetic pyrethroid) on learning, muscular coordination and oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-367
Author(s):  
Neelu Kanwar Rajawat ◽  
Inderpal Soni ◽  
Farah Syed ◽  
Rajbala Verma ◽  
PJ John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscular Coordination ◽  
Field Behaviour

The present study was planned to evaluate neurotoxic effects of β-cyfluthrin in female Swiss albino mice. Two doses of β-cyfluthrin, specifically, one-tenth of median lethal dose (LD50) and one-twentieth of LD50, were selected for the study. Open-field behaviour, exploratory behaviour and emotional status were affected, and animals showed anxiety-like behaviour after β-cyfluthrin administration. Spatial learning was decreased using the Hebb–Wiliams maze. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity significantly decreased in the treated animals. The administration of β-cyfluthrin caused increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in brain tissue. In conclusion, β-cyfluthrin caused neurotoxicity as well as oxidative damage in the brain of Swiss albino mice at the tested dose levels.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF RAUWOLFIA TETRAPHYLLA LEAF EXTRACT IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Aaditya Singh ◽  
SHALINI TRIPATHI ◽  
SINGH PN
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: Rauvolfia tetraphylla is a plant potentially applicable in Ayurvedic and Unani System of Medicine for the treatment of various diseases. However, the anticonvulsant activity of this plant has not been reported and studied. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of leaf from the plant R. tetraphylla is used to evaluate anticonvulsant activity. Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was screened using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in Swiss albino mice. The ethanolic extract was also evaluated for rutin and gallic acid content by high-performance thin-layer chromatography studies. Results: Rutin and gallic acid contents were found as 15.60% and 7.81%, respectively. Ethanolic leaf extract (100–800 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of seizures which was induced by MES. The same doses also protected animals from PTZ-induced tonic seizures. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that R. tetraphylla plant leaves have significant anticonvulsant activity.

Effects of gestational administration of nickel on postnatal development in Swiss albino mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saini ◽  
N Nair ◽  
MR Saini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Albino Mice

Effects on postnatal development of Swiss albino mice exposed to nickel (Ni2+) ions as nickel chloride haxahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O) during the gestation periods were evaluated in this study. Administration of Ni to pregnant females by gavage (46.125, 92.25, and 184.5 mg Ni/kg body weight (b.w.)) at doses below median lethal dose during 0–5 (preimplantation period), 6–13 (organogenetic period), and 14–18 days (fetal period) postconception. The dams were allowed to deliver and raise their pups. Significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in litter size was observed after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during the three gestation periods particularly from preimplantation period as compared to organogenetic and fetal periods in comparison with the control group. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during fetal period revealed higher mortality as compared to organogenetic period. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. increased the eye, limb, and tail anomalies during organogenetic period. Gestation index from preimplantation period was low at all the doses. Live birth index decreased during preimplantation and organogenetic periods after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. The viability and weanling of pups decreased during all periods after 92.25 and 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. doses. A dose-dependent highly significant ( p < 0.01) decrease in the body weight of offspring from day 0 to 6 weeks of age at all the doses during different gestation periods were observed. Maximum body weight decrease was observed in offspring from organogenetic period. This study concludes that young ones are vulnerable during different gestational and lactation period which indicates that Ni ingested by mothers constitutes a great threat to the progeny.

Determination of acute lethal dose 50 (LD50) of uranyl nitrate in male swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Sangeetha P. Vijayan ◽  
P. D. Rekha ◽  
U. Dinesh ◽  
A.B. Arun
Keyword(s):  
Uranyl Nitrate ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice
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