scholarly journals Profitability Determinants of Palm Oil Marketing in Umuahia Agricultural Zone of Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Uchechi Gerarada Anyanwu ◽  
Emeka Emmanuel Osuji ◽  
Nkiruka Glory Ben-Chendo
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Marketing Margins ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the profitability determinants of palm oil marketing in Umuahia Agricultural Zone of Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: Data on socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, cost, and returns of palm oil marketing in the area were collected using a multi-stage sampling technique from 60 palm oil marketers in Abia State. A descriptive statistical technique, marketing margin, profitability models, and the ordinary least squares multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data obtained. Results: The empirical analysis showed that palm oil marketers mean age to be 47 years with a household size of 5 persons. 77% of the palm oil marketers were males while only 23% were females. The mean marketing experience of the palm oil marketers was estimated to be 16 years. The gross and net marketing margins were estimated at N55, 288.91, and N54, 076.91 respectively. The marketing margin was found to be ₦81,221.22 and profitability was estimated at 0.33. Age, household size, education, and marketing experience were statistically significant at 5% and influenced the profitability of palm oil marketing in the area. Implications: Considering the net profit obtained from palm oil marketing in the area, there is a need to intensify its management and marketing strategies to further harness more profitable outcomes in the future. Also enabling environment should be created to make production and marketing of the product less stressful, especially for women entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Regulatory agencies and creative accounting practices in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Paul Olojede ◽  
Francis Iyoha ◽  
Ben-Caleb Egbide ◽  
Olayinka Erin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
External Control ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Creative Accounting ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Impact

Regulation and regulatory agencies are to serve as external control mechanisms to ensure that the financial statements provide a fair view of the company’s operating performance and financial position, free of any unethical practice and suitable for all stakeholders’ needs. Despite the increasing importance of regulatory agencies in enforcing compliance with the standards and laws, it occupies a limited space in accounting research. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of regulatory agencies on creative accounting practices. The study used descriptive and survey research design to achieve its aim. It employed a multi-stage sampling technique, also questionnaires were distributed among 405 respondents consisting of preparers of accounts, users of accounts, and regulators. Out of the number distributed, the respondents returned 241 copies, and all of them were found suitable. The study used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. The empirical findings showed that the regulatory agencies jointly show a significant impact on creative accounting practices, but the level of contribution to the overall impact by each regulatory agency varies. The study concludes that Nigeria’s regulatory agencies are weak and inefficient in enforcing compliance with the relevant rules. The study recommends that the institutional capacity of the regulatory agencies should be strengthened by enforcing compliance with financial reporting rules and regulation. Most of these agencies should develop capacity in the areas of manpower, information technology infrastructures, and funding. Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge Covenant University who has solely provided the platform for this research and has also fully sponsored the research cluster search for data across the country.

scholarly journals Assessment of Use of Improved Production Technologies among Goat Farmers in Abia State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Onu
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Production Technologies

The study provided an empirical evidence on the use of improved goat production technologies among rural farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondent, ascertain the extent of use of improved goat production technologies, determine factors influencing use of improved goat production technologies and identify the constraint to access and use of improved goat production technologies in the study area. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the sample size 120 respondents. Data for the study were collected through the use of questionnaire. The data collected for the study were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the socioeconomic characteristics revealed the mean age of the respondents was 43 years, majority 69.16% of the respondents were married, about 45% had secondary education, a mean household size of 6 persons, majority 66.67% were farmers, mean years of arming experience at 5.7 years, mean income of #102,000, mean farm size of 11 goats and majority (78.33%) of respondents were non- members of cooperative societies. The result on extent of use of improved goat production technologies, revealed that the respondents highly used most of improved goat production technologies as affirmed with the grand mean of = 3.20. On constraint to use of improved goat production technologies, all the respondents 100% agreed that lack of access to credit was a constraint to use, 100% agrees on lack of credibility from source of technological information, 99.2% agreed that they were afraid of taking risk, 93.3% agreed on difficulty in technology application among others. The OLS regression estimates of the influence of socioeconomic characteristics the respondents on the use of improved goat production technologies in the study area, revealed that age at 10%, education at 1%, household size at 1%, farming experience at 1%, farm size at 1%, income at 1% and access to credit at 5% were the determinants of use of improved goat production technologies in the study area and the null hypotheses rejected. In conclusion, greater use of available improved technologies will promote productivity, and therefore there is need for proper sensitization and awareness by relevant agencies. The study recommended that credit should be made available to farmers by relevant governmental and non- governmental agencies to increase the level of use of available improved technologies.

Non-Contributory Pension Scheme and Welfare of Retired Civil Servants in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi P. Onyeonoru ◽  
Joshua O. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Depth Interviews

The challenges pensioners experience in the non-contributory pension scheme before accessing their retirement benefits are enormous in Nigeria. Delays in the payment of pensions and gratuities, coupled with frustrations during screening exercises have negative implications on pensioners’ welfare. These challenges necessitated the introduction of contributory pension scheme in 2004. This study examined the influence of the non-contributory pension scheme on post retirement life of civil servants in Ebonyi State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to administer questionnaire to 365 respondents. In-depth interviews were conducted with three key respondents. There was a significant association between monthly pension’s distribution of retirees’ and meeting their welfare needs. The majority of the respondents indicated that the pension provided under the non-contributory pension scheme was not adequate in meeting retirees’ welfare needs. Also, there was a significant association between monthly pensions and retirees’ household size. Indepth interviews revealed inadequate preparations for retirement by pensioners, delay in payment of retirement benefits, embezzlement of pension funds, corrupt practices among pension managers and governments’ unwillingness to review pensions as challenges confronting the non-contributory pension scheme. The provisions of the non-contributory pension scheme were inadequate in meeting retirees’ welfare needs in Ebonyi State. The study therefore recommended the adoption of the 2004 Pension scheme so as to overcome the challenges inherent in the management of noncontributory pension scheme in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Knowledge of rural dwellers towards biodiversity conservation in onigambari forest reserve of Oyo State

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
O.J. Aluko ◽  
O.G. Ogunwale ◽  
H.O. Shaib-Rahim ◽  
A.O. Bobadoye ◽  
B.O. Bobadoye
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Area Data

The study examined the knowledge of rural dwellers of biodiversity conservation in Onigambari forest reserve, Ibadan Oyo State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from the study area. Data were collected with the aid of  interviewed schedule and analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The distribution showed that majority of the respondents were male (65.8%), married (63.3%) with household size of 5-8 (65.8%). The result further showed that majority (56.7%) of the respondents recorded low level knowledge on biodiversity conservation. Marital status (X2=9.925, P<0.005), Educational status  (X2=33.031, P<0.005) and Household size (X2=13.561, P<0.005) were found to have significant relationship with the knowledge of the respondents to biodiversity conservation. The study therefore recommends that opportunities of getting formal education should be made available to the dwellers in the study area as this will enhance their knowledge on biodiversity in the study area. Keywords: Forest reserves, Knowledge, Biodiversity and Conservation

scholarly journals Marketing Margins for Imported and Local Rice in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1256-1267
Author(s):  
Toluwase Sow ◽  
Mo Sedowo
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Marketing Margins ◽  
Margin Analysis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State. Multi stage and sampling technique procedure was used which involved purposive and random sampling methods in selecting the respondents with the aid of well-structured questionnaire with interview schedule. Descriptive statistical analysis, budgetary techniques, marketing margin analysis as well as Gini-coefficient and Herfindahl Hirshman Index was used for the analysis of variables. The result reviewed that more of the imported brands of rice in all the four market sampled than the local rice, with local rice margin as percentage of total marketing margin (16.95%) lower than that of local rice (17.78%) the average marketing efficiency of 349.91% and 467.89% were obtained from imported and local rice respectively while the Gini- coefficient (GC) Herfindahl Hirshman Index (HHI) values of 0.68 and 0.28 were obtained reviewing that rice marketing were highly concentrated with non-competitive practices showing disparity in earnings. The prevailing duration stocks were held in shops by trader was three to four weeks and the major sources of obtaining market information was mobile phone. The study recommends provision of storage facilities for the traders and also improvement in the quality of local rice with policy implementation that discourage importation of commodity as a way out of boosting and encouraging local rice production and its consumption.

scholarly journals Analysis of Marketing Margins and Efficiency of Cassava-based Product in Cross River Central Agricultural Zone, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. O. Ettah ◽  
E. Agbachom Emmanuel ◽  
Ajigo Ikutal ◽  
Godwin Michael Ubi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Marketing Margins ◽  
The Village ◽  
Final Consumer

The study was carried out to determine marketing margins in the marketing of garri in Cross River Central Agricultural Zone, Nigeria. The study employed primary data which were obtained directly from garri marketers and analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and marketing efficiency model. A three-stage (multi-stage) sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents and using 10% proportionality a sample size of 196 respondents was obtained from the sample frame of 1960. Analysis of the result showed that garri marketing in the area is greatly influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of garri marketers. Furthermore, the result indicated that marketers in Ofodua and Ochon markets recorded the lowest margin of ₦200 per bag of garri. This is against the ₦300 margin recorded by marketers in Apiapum, Okuni, Nko and Akparabong markets, ₦400 for markets in Ugep and Ikom Urban and ₦600 for the market in Agoi, respectively. The average marketing margin for garri in the markets was ₦378. Producers of garri sell it to the wholesalers in bulk sometimes through intermediaries like the village agents or directly to them. Retailers obtain the product from wholesalers and retail directly to final consumers also sometimes passing through movement agents and cooperative consumer outlets before reaching the final consumer. The mean marketing efficiency for garri across the study area is 0.78. This is slightly lower than the average efficiency level for Ugep, Apiapum and Ikom urban markets (0.90, 0.8. and 0.90, respectively). The following were recommended: trading activities and attributes of garri traders should be regulated by governments to ensure efficiency in the business, government, corporate bodies and NGO’s should assist in the rehabilitation of feeder roads to guarantee easy movement of garri from the producers to the consumers and traders in garri should be provided with training by government to increase their efficiency in the distribution of garri.

PENGARUH EARNINGS PER SHARE, NET PROFIT MARGIN, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM

Equity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Taufan Septiawan ◽  
Erna Hernawati
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Positive Effect

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Earnings Per Share, Net Profit Margin, Debt to Equity Ratio toward Stock Price on manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the years 2009-2012. The population consists of 36 companies and are used as a sample of 17  ompanies. Sampling technique using purposive sampling method. Data were tested by using multiple regression analysis and hypothesis test with 5% level of confidence. The research results that the variables Earnings Per Share (EPS) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) gives significantly positive effect on Stock Price. The other variables Debt to Equity Ratio is not significantly to Stock Price. We suggest for investors in Indonesia Stock Exchange that paying attention other factors that regards Stock Price because with those information they can make the best decision for their investments

Robust SURE estimates of profitability in the Egyptian insurance market

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Youssef ◽  
Amr R. Kamel ◽  
Mohamed R. Abonazel
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Robust Estimators ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Mm Estimation

This paper proposed three robust estimators (M-estimation, S-estimation, and MM-estimation) for handling the problem of outlier values in seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE) models. The SURE model is one of regression multivariate cases, which have especially assumption, i.e., correlation between errors on the multivariate linear models; by considering multiple regression equations that are linked by contemporaneously correlated disturbances. Moreover, the effects of outliers may permeate through the system of equations; the primary aim of SURE which is to achieve efficiency in estimation, but this is questionable. The goal of robust regression is to develop methods that are resistant to the possibility that one or several unknown outliers may occur anywhere in the data. In this paper, we study and compare the performance of robust estimations with the traditional non-robust (ordinary least squares and Zellner) estimations based on a real dataset of the Egyptian insurance market during the financial year from 1999 to 2018. In our study, we selected the three most important insurance companies in Egypt operating in the same field of insurance activity (personal and property insurance). The effect of some important indicators (exogenous variables) issued by insurance corporations on the net profit has been studied. The results showed that robust estimators greatly improved the efficiency of the SURE estimation, and the best robust estimation is MM-estimation. Moreover, the selected exogenous variables in our study have a significant effect on the net profit in the Egyptian insurance market.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management practices and sustainable food production among farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame ◽  
Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda ◽  
Olayinka Jelili Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Abstract A survey was conducted in the Kwara State of Nigeria to study the integrated weed management (IWM) practices by farmers. This was in view of the poor weed management practices adopted by farmers, which is a major factor responsible for low yields of many arable crops in Kwara State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 480 respondents, and a structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from them. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factor analysis was also carried out to examine the perception of farmers’ benefits of IWM. Results showed that the majority of farmers (29.4%) were youths, married (89.1%), and involved in medium-scale farming (47.2%). Furthermore, 50.8% of the farmers had primary or secondary education. Although farmers use different weed control methods, more than half of them (54.7%) use herbicides. Most farmers (92.6%) are engaged in the use of IWM, However, 73.5% of them use a combination of herbicides and hoe weeding. Although not properly practiced, farmers perceived IWM as having socio-environmental (29.229%) and techno-efficacious (23.495%) benefits over either hoe weeding or herbicides used alone. The findings suggest a need to train farmers on all aspects of IWM to achieve self-sufficiency in food production in Kwara State.

Evaluation of health system in Iraq from people's point of view: a comparative study of two different eras

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo ◽  
Adil H. Alhusseiny ◽  
Shukr Mahmood Yaseen ◽  
Mustafa Ali Mustafa Al-Samarrai ◽  
Anmar Shukur Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background: Since the 2003 United States–British Coalition military invasion, Iraq has been in a state of continuous deterioration at all levels, including the health sector. This study aimed to elicit the viewpoints of the Iraqi people on the current health system, focusing on many provided health services and assessing whether the public prefers the current health system or that was provided before the invasion. Methods: A cross-sectional survey designed to explore the Iraqi people’s opinions on their health system. A self-administered questionnaire using a multi-stage sampling technique was distributed in five geographical regions in Iraq to collect the data from the head of household between 1st October and 31st of December 2019. Multiple logistic regressions were recruited to determine the significant contributing variables in this study. Results: A total of 365 heads of households (response rate: 71.7%) with the mean age of 48.36 + 11.92 years (ranged 35-78) included in the study. Most of the respondents (61.4%) complained of healthcare inaccessibility, 59.7% believed that health resources were not available, 53.7% claimed a deterioration in the quality of care, and 62.2% believed that the political / media position did not contribute to positive changes during the past two decades. Indeed, most respondents (66.0%) believe that the current healthcare system is worse than before. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship between the characteristics and opinions of the respondents. Young age group (p = 0.003), men (p = < 0.001), unmarried (p = 0.001), high educated (p = < 0.001), rural resident (p = < 0.001), unemployed (p = 0.003), monthly income of less than USD 400 (p = < 0.001), consider themselves to be unhealthy (p = 0.001),  and those who think that people are unhappy now than two decades ago (p = 0.012) have a more negative opinion of the health system. Conclusions: Most Iraqis surveyed expressed disappointment from the health system after the 2003 US-led invasion. The current health system is faltering at all levels and does not meet the citizens' basic needs. Health Transformation Program (HTP) has become inevitable to develop an accessible, affordable, high-quality, efficient, and effective health system.

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