scholarly journals Bone Microarchitecture by Dentistry Digital X-Ray (BµA-DDX) Software: A Pilot Study of the Analysis of Bone Density using Digital Dental X-Rays

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Adriane Yaeko Togashi ◽  
Adair Santa Catarina ◽  
Lucas Renato Piana Batistussi ◽  
Guilherme Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Predicting Cementless Stem Fixation in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Radiodensity Mapping

10.29007/dv5n ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja Cherukuri ◽  
Chameka Madurawe ◽  
Jim Pierrepont ◽  
Jonathan Bare ◽  
Stephen McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Stem ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Stem Subsidence

Femoral component loosening due to poor fixation is a common failure mode in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). We sought to develop a technique to predicted femoral stem fixation using pre-operative CT.Forty-nine patients requiring THA received pre-operative CTs as part of Corin OPSTM 3D dynamic planning. All patients received a taper wedged blade stem (TriFitTM TS, Corin UK) implanted through a posterior approach. Post-operatively, patients received an immediate CT and AP x-ray and a 1-year follow-up x-ray. The distance between the most superior point of the greater trochanter and the shoulder of the stem was measured and scaled using the known cup diameter on both the immediate and 1- year follow-up x-rays. The difference was recorded as stem subsidence. Subsidence greater than 4mm was deemed clinically relevant. The precise placement of the stem determined by registering the known 3D implant geometry to the post-op CT was virtually implanted back into the pre-operative OPSTM planning software. A colour map of the bone density at the stem/bone interface using the Hounsfield Units (HU) of each CT pixel was generated. Blue represents low density bone transitioning through to green and then red.Mean stem subsidence was 1.8mm (0 to 11.1mm). Five patients had clinically relevant subsidence. Significant areas of blue and green around the proximal portion of the stem was observed in high subsidence stems when compared to the stems with minimal subsidence.Using the HU of the CT scan as an indicator for bone density, we were able to predict poor implant fixation and subsequent subsidence in a taper wedge stem.

scholarly journals Clinical diagnosis of clavicle fractures: a pilot study

CJEM ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Landine ◽  
Robert McGraw ◽  
William Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Clavicle Fracture ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clavicle Fractures ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Diagnostic Radiography

ABSTRACTObjective:Clavicle fractures are commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED). Our objective was to determine whether emergency physicians can clinically predict the presence and location of a clavicle fracture prior to obtaining x-rays.Methods:Over a 16-month period we prospectively studied ED patients who had injuries compatible with a clavicle fracture. Following clinical examination and prior to obtaining radiographs, ED physicians or senior emergency medicine (EM) residents were asked to predict whether the clavicle was fractured and, if fractured, the location of the fracture. Clinical predictions were later compared to the radiologist’s report.Results:Between April 1999 and August 2000, 184 patients with possible clavicle fracture were seen and 106 (58%) were enrolled. Of these, 94 had an acute fracture, and all 94 fractures were predicted on clinical grounds prior to x-ray. In 6 cases, physicians predicted a fracture but the radiograph was negative. In 6 additional cases, physicians were clinically unsure and the radiograph was negative. Physicians correctly predicted fracture location in 83 of 94 cases (88%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 82%–95%). In the 64 cases where physicians predicted a middle third fracture, they were 100% accurate (95% CI, 95%–100%). Errors made by physicians were conservative; that is, they occasionally predicted fractures in patients with only soft tissue injury, but they did not “miss” existing fractures.Conclusions:The results of this pilot study suggest that ED physicians can clinically predict the presence and location of clavicle fractures with a high degree of accuracy. It may be that x-rays are not always necessary in patients suspected of having a clavicle fracture. Future studies should define the indications for diagnostic radiography in patients with suspected clavicle fractures.

scholarly journals A novel mutation in TNFRSF11A gene causes pediatric osteopetrosis: case report

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Yu ◽  
Mengjie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Osteopetrosis is a rare inherited bone disorder affected individual by osteoclast disfunction and increasing bone density. Surgery was taken for histological examination of the specimen and evidence of malignancy was not found. Finally, X-ray and gene detection lead to the diagnosis. Case presentation We report a 10-year-old girl with two years history of pus rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and smelly nose. She was diagnosed and treated as sinusitis. But the symptoms were recurrent. Ten months ago, she was afflicted with persistent swelling and broken skin on the right cheek. All the laboratory findings showed normal. During surgery, we resected the right gingiva, the right nasal mucosa and the right facial tissue for biopsies. Histological examination showed proliferation of granulation tissue in chronic inflammatory mucosa. X-rays showed generalized sclerosis. Genetic analysis strongly supported a novel mutation of TNFRSF11A gene which caused osteoporosis. We found a novel mutation of the c.1196C > G (p.S399X) in exon 9 of TNFRSF11A. The TNFRSF11A gene encodes RANK, which is fundamental for osteoclast formation. Conclusion Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic bone disease characterized by increased bone density because of bone resorption failure. Diagnosis is based on X-ray and gene analyze. Osteoclasts are bone-related cells derived from hematopoietic cell lines. Since osteoclasts arise from a hematopoietic progenitor cell of the monocytic lineage, the defect can be corrected by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Better understanding of this pathological situation and pathogenesis is so important to plan appropriate immunotherapy to benefit.

scholarly journals Impact of degenerative radiographic abnormalities and vertebral fractures on spinal bone density of women with osteoporosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Costa Paiva ◽  
Silvana Filardi ◽  
Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto ◽  
Adil Samara ◽  
João Francisco Marques Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean

CONTEXT: Measurements of bone density taken by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry are the most accurate procedure for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. This procedure has the disadvantage of measuring the density of all mineral components, including osteophytes, vascular and extra vertebral calcifications. These alterations can influence bone density results and densitometry interpretation. OBJECTIVE: To correlate radiography and densitometry findings from women with osteoporosis, analyzing the influence of degenerative processes and vertebral fractures on the evaluation of bone density. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Osteoporosis outpatients' clinic at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six postmenopausal women presenting osteoporosis diagnosed by bone density. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by the technique of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, using a LUNAR-DPX densitometer. Fractures, osteophytes and aortic calcifications were evaluated by simple x-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. RESULTS: The x-rays confirmed vertebral fractures in 41.6%, osteophytes in 33.3% and calcifications of the aorta in 30.2%. The prevalence of fractures and aortic calcifications increased with age. The mean bone mineral density was 0.783g/cm² and the mean T-score was --3.47 DP. Neither fractures nor aortic calcifications had significant influence on bone mineral density (P = 0.36 and P = 0.09, respectively), despite the fractured vertebrae having greater bone mineral density (P < 0.02). Patients with lumbar spine osteophytes showed greater bone mineral density (P = 0.04). Osteophytosis was associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density after adjustment for fractures and aortic calcifications by multiple regression (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Osteophytes and lumbar spine fractures can overestimate bone density interpretation. The interpretation of densitometry results should be carried out together with the interpretation of a simple lumbar spine x-ray in elderly women.

scholarly journals Our First experience of Using Biodegradable Implants in Latarjet – Bristow Surgical Procedure at Chronic Posttraumatic Anterior Shoulder Insta

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
V. A. Monastyrev ◽  
M. E. Puseva ◽  
N. S. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glenoid Cavity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background. Multi-layer spiral computed tomography shows that the main cause of shoulder instability is glenoid cavity bone defect. The aim of our research was to assess the effectiveness and safety of biodegradable implants in the treatment of patients with chronic posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability under conditions of bone defect of glenoid cavity margin by the restoration of anatomic shape and structure of scapula articular surface.Materials and methods. We performed a pilot study based on the results of surgical treatment of 7 patients using 4.5 mm biodegradable compressing screws. In preoperative period, all patients had standard two-dimensional X-rays and MSCT with 3D-reconstruction. In postoperative period, all patients had check-up X-ray right after the surgery and MRI in 3 months after the surgery.Results. The results of the treatment were assessed by common clinical criteria, functional criteria, X-ray evidence and intraand postoperative complications. We registered strong functioning of an arm and an increase in the range of motions. Data from Rowe/Zarins and DASH questionnaires showed that the patients totally recovered. X-ray evidence showed consolidation of non-free autograft to the zone of scapula bone defect without osteolysis or widening of a drilled hole. We did not observe either a failure of union, or any formation of false joint, or any screw fractures in bone tissue. Beyond that, we did not observe any complication in postoperative period and early postoperative complications in particular.Conclusion. Pilot study with use of modern biodegradable implants in osteoplastic stabilization of shoulder joint at recurring instability showed their effectiveness and safety in patients of young and active working age. However, considering small number of patients in pilot study we cannot extrapolate our results to all similar and analogue cases of using biodegradable implants. In this regard, it is necessary to perform major multicenter clinical randomized study for further long-term observation and detection of possible unwanted side effects.

White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
E. Hildner
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
White Light ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

Chemical Species Identification in an SEM by Changes in Emitted X-Ray Energies

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
R. H. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Small Shift ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Transitions ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Chemical Combination

A material irradiated with electrons emits x-rays having energies characteristic of the elements present. Chemical combination between elements results in a small shift of the peak energies of these characteristic x-rays because chemical bonds between different elements have different energies. The energy differences of the characteristic x-rays resulting from valence electron transitions can be used to identify the chemical species present and to obtain information about the chemical bond itself. Although these peak-energy shifts have been well known for a number of years, their use for chemical-species identification in small volumes of material was not realized until the development of the electron microprobe.

Influence of X-Ray Induced Fluorescence on Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of Thin Foils

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
E. A. Kenik ◽  
J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hole Spectrum ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Intensity Ratios

Cliff and Lorimer (1) have proposed a simple approach to thin foil x-ray analy sis based on the ratio of x-ray peak intensities. However, there are several experimental pitfalls which must be recognized in obtaining the desired x-ray intensities. Undesirable x-ray induced fluorescence of the specimen can result from various mechanisms and leads to x-ray intensities not characteristic of electron excitation and further results in incorrect intensity ratios.In measuring the x-ray intensity ratio for NiAl as a function of foil thickness, Zaluzec and Fraser (2) found the ratio was not constant for thicknesses where absorption could be neglected. They demonstrated that this effect originated from x-ray induced fluorescence by blocking the beam with lead foil. The primary x-rays arise in the illumination system and result in varying intensity ratios and a finite x-ray spectrum even when the specimen is not intercepting the electron beam, an ‘in-hole’ spectrum. We have developed a second technique for detecting x-ray induced fluorescence based on the magnitude of the ‘in-hole’ spectrum with different filament emission currents and condenser apertures.

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

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