scholarly journals MODELLING OF ECONOMICS REGULATIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Algirdas Jakutis
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Hard Process ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Information Group ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Simple Definition

Economics may be presented in the form of corroborated rules. Economics may be defined as a science consisting of economic principles, laws, features, criteria, limitations, axioms, etc. Each listed entity may be divided into categories. Categories (category ‐ instruction) are theoretical concepts meaning the most important aspects of restoration of reality. Categories are forms giving theoretical meaning to practical experience. Categories give names to economic phenomena. Categories are presented and analysed in textbooks, reference books, and encyclopaedias. Categories are interconnected since the economic phenomena reflected by the categories are mutually connected. There are numerous relations among categories. These relations are like a network or a tree since one category is connected with several other categories, whereas the latter, in their own turn, are connected with the other categories. We may analyze the category “investment” as an example. The term “investments” is defined as the putting of capital into an enterprise. Capital is everything that has been created by the labour of people and it is being used for the manufacture of a final product. An enterprise is the production or commercial economic entity. Further, the following categories should be defined: labour, benefit, a product, production, commerce, and economy. Then the categories included in the above mentioned categories should be defined. A man models economic corroborated rules by means of a computer. The computer can find the main compositions to systematise the tremendous number thereof, quickly find necessary information, group corroborated rules, register and analyse them, and store information. However, the creation of a suitable program is quite a long and hard process. Corroborated rules which are regular and stable (are not variable) in real life may be simulated by a computer. A computer cannot apply the observation, verification, and genetic methods since it is only capable to analyse available information. Information changes very quickly and for this reason the results obtained are not accurate. The following distribution of work is possible: a man models separate (single) and couple compositions. The compositions consisting of three and a larger number of compounds are simulated by a computer. The identification of corroborated rules means that the types of corroborated rules taken out of the known economic text must be identified: laws, principles, features, and so on. It is quite easy to perform this work without using a computer provided that the volume of work is not large. However sometimes some doubts arise: to which type should a certain corroborated rule be attributed. Doubts are caused by the insufficiently accurate and simple definition of types of corroborated rules. While computerising the identification of economic corroborated rules it is important to accurately define the types of economic corroborated rules, then make algorithms and programs for the identification of each type of a corroborated rule. Identification enables to assess an economic text. The text the corroborated rules of which are presented in a certain order is acceptable for a reader. Consistent presentation facilitates the understanding of a text.

The Ethical and the Juridical in Reversal of Fortune and Terror’s Advocate

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Edward Lamberti
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
English Language ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
French Language ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Film Style ◽  
Reversal Of Fortune

Chapter 5 considers Barbet Schroeder’s English-language American true-life drama Reversal of Fortune (1990) and his French-language political documentary Terror’s Advocate (2007), two films about lawyers and legal systems. Desmond Manderson refers in his collection Essays on Levinas and Law: A Mosaic (2009) to the ‘mosaic’ of a Levinasian approach to the law, as, sceptical of legal systems but devoted to justice, Emmanuel Levinas posits an ethics that refuses to crystallise into a prescriptive view of how the law should work in respect of the Other. I argue that these two Schroeder films, with their multi-faceted, ‘mosaic-like’ styles and structures, perform this fractured Levinasian refusal to settle on a fixed, simplistic definition of the law’s purpose. I analyse Reversal of Fortune for its multiple story strands and the different visual styles Schroeder deploys to delineate them, along with elements of performance – especially from Jeremy Irons as Claus von Bülow – that complicate questions of otherness. In discussing the documentary Terror’s Advocate, I draw on Stella Bruzzi’s work on performative documentary (2006) to explore how Schroeder uses film style to perform both the bravado of the film’s protagonist, the real-life criminal lawyer Jacques Vergès, and the Levinasian ‘mosaic’ of the legal situations he surveys.

scholarly journals THE PHILOSOPHY OF DESTRUCTION: “CATECHISM OF A REVOLUTIONARY” IS KILLER-TEXT

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Ethical Nihilism ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article presents a philosophical analysis of the “Catechism of a Revolutionary” in the light of its paradoxically and nihilistic boundedness which resulted in the system of practical actions of S. G. Nechaev, led to the murder of student Ivanov. In this connection the identification of the philosophical foundation of the Catechism of a Revolutionary becomes relevant, as well as the definition of its nature in the scale of textuality and effectiveness. The author proposes to consider the “Catechism of a Revolutionary” as a philosophical text on the basis of the presence of metaphysical and existential aspects in the article. At the same time, the author highlights such key features: a focus on practice (rejection of theorizing in favour of the action “here and now”), substitution of purpose by means (replacing the value of the public weal with total destruction and the paradox of the struggle for equality through formation of a rigid hierarchy), as well as extreme ethical nihilism and cynicism. All these premises allow the author to designate the ideological foundation of the “Catechism of a Revolutionary” as a holistic and consistent philosophy of destruction. In addition, this philosophy is considered in the context of its direct embodiment, implemented by S. G. Nechayev: lie, blackmail, compromising, and most importantly – murder. The author of the article concludes that it is impossible to explore the “Catechism of a Revolutionary” apart from the actual consequences of the implementation of his philosophy, and therefore one cannot speak only of his textual nature, detached from the real life. Instead, it should be considered as a fusion of textuality and effectiveness, which directly transforms being and affects people’s lives. Thus, the “Catechism of a Revolutionary” is presented by the author as a killer-text, consisting of a philosophy of destruction on the one hand and its embodiment into reality on the other. Such an approach allows not only to comprehensively explore the nature of the “Catechism of a Revolutionary”, but also to identify a number of dangers that the philosophy of destruction bears inside.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Principles of economic security management of institutions of higher education

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tsymbalenko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

The subject of research-theoretical concepts of economic security managementof universities. The purpose of the article. The study of the essence of the economicsecurity management system of the university and the definition of its main tasks,the formulation of principles of economic security management of the university.Methodology. The dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, methodsof structural-logical and semantic analysis were used to study and summarizescientific papers on the research topic. The results of the work. The essence of theuniversity’s economic security management system has been reviewed. The maintasks of the control system have been identified. A definition of the university’seconomic security system has been proposed. Principles of management of economicsecurity of the university have been formulated. These are: scientific andorganizational and social principles. Conclusions. The proposed principles allow totake into account the economic role and social mission of universities in managingeconomic security.

Digital Economy: New Opportunities and Threats for the Development of the World Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Strelkova
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Definition Of

The paper examines various approaches to the definition of the term «digital economy» in the scientific and business environment along with factors and forms of its development in different countries taking into account the specifics of the current stage of the Russian economy, which is a matter of particular importance in seeking new sources of the world economy growth. The subject of the research is opportunities and threats inherent in the process of digitalization of economies and their impact on the operation of international and national markets as well as the development of the world economy as a whole. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the practical experience in the formation and development of the digital economy in foreign countries and Russia and identify the changes it brings to the activities of state institutions and business structures, established rules of market exchange, the process of promotion and use of innovations. All the above made it possible to determine the country-level specifics of the digital economy evolution reveal the contradictory nature of its manifestations and justify the necessity for active participation of the state in stimulation and support of potentially promising digital innovations in various sectors of the economy. It is concluded that the level of the digital economy development depends on the real-sector performance, the maturity of markets, the state of the national economy. It is highlighted that the criteria for a comprehensive assessment of the results of the economy digitalization must be developed.

Actual issues of valuation of businesses of the economic entity

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The article summarizes the main approaches in the definition of business valuation the economic entity. In the process of business valuation, taking into account the risks of financial and economic activities necessary to obtain information on what stage the owner implements the business will receive income. The most difficult task is the impossibility of accurate prediction in determining the level of income and the determination of a discount rate capitalization of future incomes due to the instability of the economy, both in the country and around the world.

Is Treat-to-target in Lupus Nephritis Realistic in Clinical Practice?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Chiu Mok
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Low Disease Activity ◽  
Activity State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comparative Trials

The Treat-to-Target (T2T) principle has been advocated in a number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory medical illnesses. Tight control of disease activity has been shown to improve the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis as compared to the conventional approach. However, whether T2T can be applied to patients with lupus nephritis is still under emerging discussion. Treatment of lupus nephritis should target at inducing and maintaining remission of the kidney inflammation so as to preserve renal function and improve survival in the longterm. However, there is no universal agreement on the definition of remission or low disease activity state of nephritis, as well as the time points for switching of therapies. Moreover, despite the availability of objective parameters for monitoring such as proteinuria and urinary sediments, differentiation between ongoing activity and damage in some patients with persistent urinary abnormalities remains difficult without a renal biopsy. A large number of serum and urinary biomarkers have been tested in lupus nephritis but none of them have been validated for routine clinical use. In real life practice, therapeutic options for lupus nephritis are limited. As patients with lupus nephritis are more prone to infective complications, tight disease control with aggressive immunosuppressive therapies may have safety concern. Not until the feasibility, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of T2T in lupus nephritis is confirmed by comparative trials, this approach should not be routinely recommended with the current treatment armamentarium and monitoring regimes.

scholarly journals Language Family Engineering with Product Lines of Multi-level Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Lara ◽  
Esther Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Modelling Languages ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractModelling is an essential activity in software engineering. It typically involves two meta-levels: one includes meta-models that describe modelling languages, and the other contains models built by instantiating those meta-models. Multi-level modelling generalizes this approach by allowing models to span an arbitrary number of meta-levels. A scenario that profits from multi-level modelling is the definition of language families that can be specialized (e.g., for different domains) by successive refinements at subsequent meta-levels, hence promoting language reuse. This enables an open set of variability options given by all possible specializations of the language family. However, multi-level modelling lacks the ability to express closed variability regarding the availability of language primitives or the possibility to opt between alternative primitive realizations. This limits the reuse opportunities of a language family. To improve this situation, we propose a novel combination of product lines with multi-level modelling to cover both open and closed variability. Our proposal is backed by a formal theory that guarantees correctness, enables top-down and bottom-up language variability design, and is implemented atop the MetaDepth multi-level modelling tool.

A simple definition of ‘intentionally’

Cognition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 104806
Author(s):  
Tadeg Quillien ◽  
Tamsin C. German
Keyword(s):  
Definition Of ◽  
Simple Definition
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