scholarly journals HISTORIC GARDENS AND PARKS: CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF RELEVANT REGULATIONS, DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY / ISTORINIAI SODAI IR PARKAI: VYSTYMOSI IŠŠŪKIAI REGLAMENTAVIMO, APIBRĖŽČIŲ IR TERMINIJOS KONTEKSTE

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristīne Dreija
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Insight Into

The title and contents of this article have emerged after trying to summarize international scientific knowledge and theory, regulations by relevant international organizations, as well as several national legislative provisions issued in the area of development of historical landscapes, environment and sites. Various definitions related to the subject, changing and newly introduced terminology have originally caused some embarrassment and provoked a series of questions, such as: who is who and what is the difference? In this respect, a historical garden or park as a significant area is defined as a ‘Living Monument’, ‘Tangible Heritage’ or even ‘Intangible Heritage’, because there is no doubt that the garden is a dynamic and ever changing environment. The applied terminology and definitions on historical gardens and parks are also undoubtedly related to the issues of heritage awareness. Differences in the national legislations are significant too, whereas historical gardens and parks are classified both, as architecture and natural monuments and heritage immovable property. An analysis at the theoretical level of the legislation and scientific statements provided in conclusion gives a certain insight into the significance of each projective aspect in the planning development of the historical gardens and parks and forms the base for further relevant issue researches. Santrauka Straipsnio pavadinimas ir turinys susiformavo apibendrinant mokslines žinias ir teoriją tarptautiniu mastu, tarptautinių organizacijų teisinį reglamentavimą, taip pat kelis nacionalinius teisės aktus, reguliuojančius istorinio kraštovaizdžio, aplinkos ar vietovės kaitą. Įvairūs susiję apibrėžimai, besikeičianti ir atnaujinama terminologija iš pradžių kelia sumišimą ir nemažai klausimų: kas yra kas ir kokie skirtumai? Šiuo atžvilgiu istorinis sodas ar parkas, kaip reikšminga teritorija, apibrėžiama kaip gyvas paminklas, materialusis paveldas ar net kaip nematerialusis paveldas, nes nėra abejonių, kad sodas yra dinamiška ir nuolat kintanti aplinka. Probleminė yra istoriniams sodams ir parkams taikoma terminija ir paveldo sampratos apibrėžimai. Akivaizdžių skirtumų esama valstybių teisės aktuose, kur istoriniai sodai ir parkai klasifikuojami kaip architektūros ar gamtos paminklai ar nekilnojama kultūros vertybė, atitinkamai skirtingai reglamentuojant. Teorinio teisės aktų ir mokslinės minties tyrimo apibendrinimas leidžia suvokti kiekvieno projektavimo aspekto svarbą istorinių sodų ir parkų plėtrai ir yra tolesnių aktualių tyrimų atspirtis.

scholarly journals An Explanation About Canonical Forms and Real Molecule in Resonance Theory, Through Instructors Own Sketches Analogy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
faiz ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Canonical Forms ◽  
Canonical Structure ◽  
Resonance Theory ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

<p>In elementary chemistry courses students often demonstrate difficulty with real understanding of Resonance Theory i.e. canonical structure vs. real molecule difference, so unanswered puerile questions during lecture made the subject boring. Particularly students unable to understand the difference between a real microscopic moiety and it’s proposed sketch or model at early stages of their learning. In such situations use of suitable analogy other than the subject area make the teaching more effective. Using an analogy from the daily life act as a powerful tool to explain curious questions efficiently to develop the interest of the students in subject. Sharing of personal experiences and analogies among scientific community is an effective way to spread scientific knowledge magnificently.<br></p>

A Priori in the Philosophy of Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Tatiana D. Sokolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Model Approach

The article is devoted to the analysis of research approaches and attitudes to the study of the a priori in the philosophy of science. In the first part, I outline the basic premises of this study: (a) scientific knowledge as the highest manifestation of rationality; (b) the normative nature of scientific knowledge. In the second part, I turn to the difference in the subject of philosophical research on the history of science – the history of science as a “history of facts” vs the history of science as a history of scientific thought. The third part discusses the main theoretical and technical difficulty associated with changing the subject of research – the possibility of a transition from historical fact to “scientific thought at the time of its birth” (in Helene Metzger terminology). The forth part is devoted to the analysis of the “model approach” (Arianna Betti, Hein van den Berg) in philosophy as a possible way to overcome this difficulty and includes both theoretical and technical aspects of the future direction of research. In conclusion, consequences are drawn about the possibility of using the “model approach” for reconstruction a priori in the history of science as “constitutive elements of scientific knowledge” (David Stump).

scholarly journals XII. Experiments to determine the force of fired gunpowder

1797 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 222-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elastic Fluids ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Considerable Insight

No human invention of which we have any authentic records, except, perhaps, the art of printing, has produced such important changes in civil society as the invention of gunpowder. Yet, notwithstanding the uses to which this wonderful agent is applied are so extensive, and though its operations are as surprising as they are important, it seems not to have hitherto been examined with that care and perseverance which it deserves. The explosion of gunpowder is certainly one of the most surprising phænomena we are acquainted with, and I am persuaded it would much oftener have been the subject of the investigations of speculative philosophers, as well as of professional men, in this age of inquiry, were it not for the danger attending the experiments: but the force of gunpowder is so great, and its effects so sudden and so terrible, that, notwithstanding all the precautions possible, there is ever a considerable degree of danger attending the management of it, as I have more than once found to my cost. Several eminent philosophers and mathematicians, it is true, have, from time to time, employed their attention upon this curious subject; and the modern improvements in chemistry have given us a considerable insight into the cause, and the nature of the explosion which takes place in the inflammation of gunpowder; and the nature and properties of the elastic fluids generated in its combustion. But the great desideratum, the real measure of the initial expansive force of inflamed gunpowder, so far from being known, has hitherto been rather guessed at than determined; and no argument can be more convincing to show our total ignorance upon that subject, than the difference in the opinions of the greatest mathematicians of the age, who have undertaken its investigation.

scholarly journals An Explanation About Canonical Forms and Real Molecule in Resonance Theory, Through Instructors Own Sketches Analogy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
faiz ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Canonical Forms ◽  
Canonical Structure ◽  
Resonance Theory ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

<p>In elementary chemistry courses students often demonstrate difficulty with real understanding of Resonance Theory i.e. canonical structure vs. real molecule difference, so unanswered puerile questions during lecture made the subject boring. Particularly students unable to understand the difference between a real microscopic moiety and it’s proposed sketch or model at early stages of their learning. In such situations use of suitable analogy other than the subject area make the teaching more effective. Using an analogy from the daily life act as a powerful tool to explain curious questions efficiently to develop the interest of the students in subject. Sharing of personal experiences and analogies among scientific community is an effective way to spread scientific knowledge magnificently.<br></p>

scholarly journals The Clusters - Collaborative Models of Sustainable Regional Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mănescu ◽  
Claudiu Kifor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Collaborative Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The clusters are the subject of actions and of whole series of documents issued by national and international organizations, and, based on experience, many authorities promote the idea that because of the clusters, competitiveness increases, the workforce specializes, regional businesses and economies grow. The present paper is meant to be an insight into the initiatives of forming clusters in Romania. Starting from a comprehensive analysis of the development potential offered by each region of economic development, we present the main types of clusters grouped according to fields of activity and their overall objectives

TheOrvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal)in the network of medical journals

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-879
Author(s):  
András Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Subject

The role of networks is swiftly increasing in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Network aspects have, therefore, an ever growing importance in the analysis of the scientific enterprise, as well. The present paper demonstrates some techniques of studying the network of scientific journals on the subject of seeking the position of Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal) in the international journal network. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 876–879.

DEVELOPING READING TEXT MATERIALS FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femy Septiani And Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Development Planning ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Learning English

This study concerns on how reading text materials are developed for vocational school. This study was conducted by using developmental research. The subject of this research was class XII SMK Sandhy Putra 2 Medan consisting of 36 students. Instrumentations for collecting data were questionnaire and interview. After analyzing the data, the writer got the students’ need in learning English in term of vocation that they have. Based on the students’ need analysis, then it was got some basic competences which need to be reached by the students, and based on the basic competences, syllabus can be designed. After syllabus had been designed, developing teaching materials was done. The developed teaching materials were related to the vocation that the students had; it was culinary art. The development of materials followed four stages; those were pre-development/ planning, development, evaluation, and revision.

Importance of the Intersection of Library and Information Sciences with Systems Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lee
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
General System ◽  
General System Theory ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Meta Level ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Information Sciences

This paper is the attempt to show how system theory could provide critical insight into the transdisciplinary field of library and information sciences (LIS). It begins with a discussion on the categorization of library and information sciences as an academic and professional field (or rather, the lack of evidence on the subject) and what is exactly meant by system theory, drawing upon the general system theory established by Ludwig von Bertalanffy. The main conversation of this paper focuses on the inadequacies of current meta-level discussions of LIS and the benefits of general system theory (particularly when considering the exponential rapidity in which information travels) with LIS.

Learning Language Levels in Students Accurate with a History Academic Achievement History

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Noorlela Binti Noordin ◽  
Abdul Razaq Ahmad ◽  
Anuar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Language Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
The Relationship

This study was aimed to evaluate the Malay proficiency among students in Form Two especially non-Malay students and its relationship to academic achievement History. To achieve the purpose of the study there are two objectives, the first is to look at the difference between mean of Malay Language test influences min of academic achievement of History subject among non-Malay students in Form Two and the second is the relationship between the level of Malay proficiency and their academic achievement for History. This study used quantitative methods, which involved 100 people of Form Two non-Malay students in one of the schools in Klang, Selangor. This study used quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical inference with IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. This study found that there was a relationship between the proficiency of Malay language among non-Malay students with achievements in the subject of History. The implications of this study are discussed in this article.

The Idea of a Meaningful Synthesis of Marxist and Non-Marxist Systems of Political Economy as a Mirror of Intellectual Turmoil (About V.T. Ryazanov’s Book «Modern Political Economy: Prospects of Neo-Marxist Synthesis»)

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-98
Author(s):  
A.B. Lyubinin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Political Economic

Review of the monograph indicated in the subtitle V.T. Ryazanov. The reviewer is critical of the position of the author of the book, believing that it is possible and even necessary (to increase the effectiveness of General economic theory and bring it closer to practice) substantial (and not just formal-conventional) synthesis of the Marxist system of political economy with its non-Marxist systems. The article emphasizes the difference between the subject and the method of the classical, including Marxist, school of political economy with its characteristic objective perception of the subject from the neoclassical school with its reduction of objective reality to subjective assessments; this excludes their meaningful synthesis as part of a single «modern political economy». V.T. Ryazanov’s interpretation of commodity production in the economic system of «Capital» of K. Marx as a purely mental abstraction, in fact — a fiction, myth is also counter-argued. On the issue of identification of the discipline «national economy», the reviewer, unlike the author of the book, takes the position that it is a concrete economic science that does not have a political economic status.

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