scholarly journals Epidemiology and costs of severe acute respiratory infection and influenza hospitalizations in adults with diabetes in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Parvaiz A Koul ◽  
Amit Bhavsar ◽  
Hyder Mir ◽  
Mark Simmerman ◽  
Hemant Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly in India. In addition to well-known complications, diabetes increases the risk for hospitalization and death from severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and influenza. Here we examined the impact of SARI and influenza in Indian adults with diabetes. Methodology: This was a single-center, active surveillance study conducted in Jammu and Kashmir State, India, during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 influenza seasons. Adults hospitalized for SARI and receiving at least one diabetes medication were included. Demographics, health care use, and direct costs were collected from medical records and interviews of patients or caregivers. Indirect costs were estimated based on lost earnings and WHO-CHOICE estimates for hospital costs. Results: The study included 192 patients with type 2 diabetes. Median age was 66 years, median body mass index was 26.6 kg/m2, and most patients had comorbidities, especially hypertension and cardiovascular disease (83.9%). Only 32.2% regularly monitored blood glucose or hemoglobin A1C, and median values at admission indicated poor glycemic control for most. Influenza was detected in 8.9% of cases. The median hospital stay for SARI was 8 days, and 22 patients (11.4%) died. Median total costs associated with hospitalization were US$710 (interquartile range, $539–$1067) for SARI patients and US$716 ($556–$1078) for influenza patients, mostly (~75%) from indirect costs. Conclusions: Adults with diabetes in India hospitalized with SARI or influenza are generally older, in poor health, and suffer from poor glycemic control. The costs for their hospitalization and care are substantial.

scholarly journals Severe morbidity among hospitalised adults with acute influenza and other respiratory infections: 2014–2015 and 2015–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (11) ◽  
pp. 1350-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Segaloff ◽  
J. G. Petrie ◽  
R. E. Malosh ◽  
C. K. Cheng ◽  
E. J. McSpadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Charlson Score ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitors ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOur objective was to identify predictors of severe acute respiratory infection in hospitalised patients and understand the impact of vaccination and neuraminidase inhibitor administration on severe influenza. We analysed data from a study evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness in two Michigan hospitals during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 influenza seasons. Adults admitted to the hospital with an acute respiratory infection were eligible. Through patient interview and medical record review, we evaluated potential risk factors for severe disease, defined as ICU admission, 30-day readmission, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Two hundred sixteen of 1119 participants had PCR-confirmed influenza. Frailty score, Charlson score and tertile of prior-year healthcare visits were associated with LOS. Charlson score >2 (OR 1.5 (1.0–2.3)) was associated with ICU admission. Highest tertile of prior-year visits (OR 0.3 (0.2–0.7)) was associated with decreased ICU admission. Increasing tertile of visits (OR 1.5 (1.2–1.8)) was associated with 30-day readmission. Frailty and prior-year healthcare visits were associated with 30-day readmission among influenza-positive participants. Neuraminidase inhibitors were associated with decreased LOS among vaccinated participants with influenza A (HR 1.6 (1.0–2.4)). Overall, frailty and lack of prior-year healthcare visits were predictors of disease severity. Neuraminidase inhibitors were associated with reduced severity among vaccine recipients.

Characteristics of monitored diabetic patients by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Tariq A. Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hba1c Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test indicates the blood glucose levels for the previous two to three months. Using HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues and prevent infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycemic control using HbA1c test to understand patient characteristics and UTIs prevalence. Glycemic control was evaluated by measuring HbA1c for a total of 208 diabetes patients who were regularly attending diabetes center in Al-Noor specialist hospital in Makkah.  The results showed that good and moderate glycemic controlled patients were 14.9% and 16.9% respectively while the poor glycemic patients were 68.3%. Among the good improved glycemic control, 83.9% were females, 48.4% were from age group (15-44y). Among the moderately improved glycemic control, 68.4% were females, 54.3% were from age group (45-64 y) with no significant difference. The total number of the patients with positive UTIs was 55 (26.4%) while the total number of patients with negative was UTIs 153 (73.6%). Among the positive UTIs, 76.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 12.3% and 11% were moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively. Among the negative UTIs, 65.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 19% and 15.7% were with moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively.  Prevalence of UTIs among diabetic patients was not significant (p > 0.05). It was concluded that HbA1c was useful monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus and may lead to improved outcomes. Using a HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues that affect the blood glucose tests.

scholarly journals Etiologies of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and misdiagnosis of influenza in Indonesia, 2013‐2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Abu Tholib Aman ◽  
Tri Wibawa ◽  
Herman Kosasih ◽  
Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie ◽  
Ida Safitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection

scholarly journals Viral Infection in Adults With Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuly Remolina ◽  
María Ulloa ◽  
Hernan Vargas ◽  
Jorge Cortes ◽  
Liliana Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection among patients with severe acute respiratory infection during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a hospital-based descriptive study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e053768
Author(s):  
Zubair Akhtar ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Aleem ◽  
Syeda Mah-E-Muneer ◽  
M Kaousar Ahmmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

ObjectiveTo estimate the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection among severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases-patients during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.DesignDescriptive study.SettingNine tertiary level hospitals across Bangladesh.ParticipantsPatients admitted as SARI (defined as cases with subjective or measured fever of ≥38 C° and cough with onset within the last 10 days and requiring hospital admission) case-patients.Primary and secondary outcomesProportion of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection and proportion of mortality among SARI case-patients.ResultsWe enrolled 1986 SARI case-patients with a median age: 28 years (IQR: 1.2–53 years), and 67.6% were male. Among them, 285 (14.3%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2; 175 (8.8%) were infected with the influenza virus, and five (0.3%) were coinfected with both viruses. There was a non-appearance of influenza during the usual peak season (May to July) in Bangladesh. SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly more associated with diabetes (14.0% vs 5.9%, p<0.001) and hypertension (26.7% vs 11.5%, p<0.001). But influenza among SARI case-patients was significantly less associated with diabetes (4.0% vs 7.4%, p=0.047) and hypertension (5.7% vs 14.4%, p=0.001). The proportion of in-hospital deaths among SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI case-patients were higher (10.9% (n=31) vs 4.4% (n=75), p<0.001) than those without SARS-CoV-2 infection; the proportion of postdischarge deaths within 30 days was also higher (9.1% (n=25) vs 4.6% (n=74), p=0.001) among SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI case-patients than those without infection. No in-hospital mortality or postdischarge mortality was registered among the five coinfected SARI case-patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus was not very common and had less disease severity considering mortality in Bangladesh. There was no circulating influenza virus during the influenza peak season during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Future studies are warranted for further exploration.

scholarly journals Molecular typing and epidemiologic profiles of human metapneumovirus infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection in Huzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ji ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Deshun Xu ◽  
Xiaofang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Hmpv Infection ◽  
High Incidence

Abstract Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the important pathogens in infant respiratory tract infection. However, the molecular epidemiology of hMPV among children < 14 years of age hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is unclear. We investigated the hMPV infection status and genotypes of children hospitalized with SARI from January 2016 to December 2020 in Huzhou, China. Methods A nasopharyngeal flocked swab, nasal wash, or nasopharyngeal swab/or opharyngeal swab combination sample was collected from children with SARI in Huzhou from January 2016 to December 2020. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect hMPV RNA. The hMPV F gene was amplified and sequenced, followed by analysis using MEGA software (ver. 7.0). Epidemiological data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS (ver. 22.0) software. Results A total of 1133 children with SARI were recruited from 2016 to 2020. Among them, 56 (4.94%) were positive for hMPV-RNA. Children < 5 years of age accounted for 85.71% of the positive cases. The hMPV incidence was high in spring and winter, especially in December and January to March. Phylogenetic analysis of the F-gene sequences of 28 hMPV strains showed that the A1, B1, and B2 genotypes were prevalent in Huzhou, and the dominant hMPV genotype varied according to surveillance year. Conclusions HMPV is an important respiratory pathogen in children in Huzhou, with a high incidence in winter and spring in children < 5 years of age. In this study, genotypes A1, B1, and B2 were the most prevalent.

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