scholarly journals The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Latent Tuberculosis in Routine Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 945-951
Author(s):  
Ria Bandiara ◽  
Lilik Sukesi ◽  
Astried Indrasari ◽  
Iceu Dimas Kulsum ◽  
Mohammad Rudiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inflammation Score

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) interferes with the natural and adaptive immune response, consequently, increasing the latent tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. AIM: This study therefore aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and latent TB in routine HD, using interferon gamma release assays (IGRA), to screen for latent TB. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study has an analytical observation cross-sectional design, and was conducted on 120 CKD-HD patients aged 18 years and above, and has been undergoing HD twice weekly for over 3 months, without malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, history of TB, or radiological evidence at the HD Unit of the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, between March and May 2020, and not currently receiving immunosuppressant or TB therapy. In addition, the age, gender, history of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine, CKD etiology, length of HD, HD adequacy, TB contact history, number of family members, smoking status, body mass index, albumin, malnutrition inflammation score, triceps skinfold thickness (TST), biceps skinfold thickness, suprailiac skinfold thickness (SIST), mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), and normalized protein catabolic rate between positive and negative IGRA groups, of each patient, were determined. RESULTS: In this study, all the patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the IGRA test, 47 patients (39.17%) tested positive, and 68 (56.67%) tested negative, while the results for the remaining 5 (4.16%) were indeterminate. The malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) score with positive IGRA 23.3 (20.0–26.7) was discovered to differ insignificantly (p value of 0.252) from the negative counterpart 20.0 (16.7–28.4). Meanwhile, in the HD adequacy assessment based on urea reduction rate, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.042) occurred between the positive 70.45 (65.70–76.61) and negative 74.15 (70.71–77.33) IGRA groups. In the smoking status, the positive and negative IGRA were discovered to differ significantly (30 (63.8% vs. 28 (41.2% p = 0.017) OR 2.521 (1.172–5.425). However, in the history of contact with TB patients, the positive and negative IGRA did not differ significantly (4.3% vs. 11.8% p = 0.160). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in TST and MAC, between MIS >5 and MIS ≤5 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The assessment of nutritional status level, TST, MAC, smoking status, and adequate HD is crucial for CKD patients with routine HD, as these factors present risks of latent TB.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kejadian Laten Tuberkulosis dengan Kontak pada Pasien Tuberkulosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Latent TB is still a problem in Indonesia, the absence of symptoms in patients with latent TB makespatients feel they don't need treatment. Aim of study: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship oflatent TB incidence with TB contact patients. Method: This study uses research data on the role of gammainterferon as a marker of the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine, the sample in this study has a complete examinationrecord, especially IGRA examination, then the data are analyzed by the Chi squre method. The total sample was 421respondents. Results and Discussion: Based on the results of the study of female respondents was 265 (62.9%), withan age range of 21-40 were 186 (44.2%) respondents, Positive IGRA 123 (29.2%) respodents, patient contact withTB patients was 105 people, and no contact history with TB patients was 316 people. The prevalence of latent TBwas 29 percent, while respondents who have a history of contact with tuberculosis patients about 33.3 percent andwithout a contact history of 27.8 percent. Conclusion: From the results of the analysis, there was no significantrelationship between latent tuberculosis events and contact history with tuberculosis patients (P value 0.284).Therefore, further research needs to be done to include variables that have not been included in the beginning suchas economic factors, respondent nutrition, and conduct a re-examination to determine the current health status ofrespondents.

scholarly journals Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and feasibility of TB preventive therapy among Thai prisoners: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaporn Gatechompol ◽  
Weerakit Harnpariphan ◽  
Ruamthip Supanan ◽  
Gompol Suwanpimolkul ◽  
Jiratchaya Sophonphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Background Prisons are considered as major reservoirs for tuberculosis. Preventive therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI) is an adjunctive strategy to control TB. However, LTBI data in Thai prisoners is limited. This study assessed the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners in Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok. Participants were screened for active TB by questionnaire and chest X-ray. LTBI was evaluated by Tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFTP) among subgroup. Participants with positive TST or QFTP were considered to have LTBI. Participants with LTBI were offered IPT. Results From August 2018–November 2019, 1002 participants were analyzed. All participants were male with a median age of 38 (IQR 32–50) years. LTBI identified by either TST/QFTP was present in 466 (46.5%) participants. TST was positive in 359 (36%) participants. In the subgroup of 294 participants who had both TST and QFTP results, 181/294 (61.6%) tested positive by QFTP. Agreement between TST and QFTP was 55.1% (Kappa = 0.17). The risk factors associated with LTBI were previous incarceration (aOR 1.53, 95%CI, 1.16–2.01, p = 0.002), history of prior active TB (aOR 3.02, 95%CI, 1.74–5.24, p < 0.001) and duration of incarceration ≥10 years (aOR 1.86, 95%CI, 1.24–2.79, p = 0.003). Majority of LTBI participants (82%) agreed to take IPT. Three hundred and 56 (93%) participants completed treatment whereas 27 (7%) participants discontinued IPT due to the side effects of INH. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of IPT among Thai prisoners. LTBI prevalence in male prisoners in Thailand is high. LTBI screening and treatment should be implemented together with other preventive components.

scholarly journals Sodium Status and Its Association with Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Yazd, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Dashti- Rahmat Abadi ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari- Khosravi ◽  
Mahdieh Nemayandeh ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Soltani ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Studies on the relationship of urinary sodium with overweight and obesity led to controversial results. Furthermore, no study has ever investigated the association between sodium status and obesity in Iranian adults. The present study examined the association of urinary sodium levels with overweight and obesity in adults living in Yazd, Iran. Methods: The present study recruited 240 adults randomly selected from adults, who participated in Yazd Health Study (YaHS). A 24-hour urine sample was collected from the participants. Participants' demographic information, history of chronic diseases, and smoking status were obtained. The height and weight of the participants were also assessed using standard methods. We compared the weight and body mass index (BMI) of the participants based on the urinary sodium excretion tertiles. The logistic regression model in crude and multivariable adjusted models was used to compare the odds of obesity between urinary sodium tertiles. Results: The findings showed that the mean urinary sodium was not significantly different among overweight, obese, and individuals with normal BMI (P > 0.05) using the crude and multivariable models. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the mean BMI according to urinary sodium excretion tertiles. In addition, the analyses showed that the sodium status was not significantly associated with odds of developing obesity in crude and in multivariable adjusted models. Conclusion: No significant relationship was seen between sodium status and overweight or obesity. Future prospective studies are highly recommended to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Effect of Maternal Age and Occupation on Feeding Habits and Nutritional Status of under Five Children in Kibiya and Dala Local Government Areas, Kano Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. M. Gadanya ◽  
M. Auwal ◽  
S. M. Abubakar ◽  
L. Mudassir
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maternal Occupation ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Children less than five years worldwide are known to be vulnerable and susceptible in many respects, especially on matters on health. Nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition generally affect children more than any other group. Poor nutrition occurs in developing countries, as well as in more prosperous areas of the world. Objective: The objective of this study focused on the effect of maternal Occupation and Age on feeding habit, and nutritional status of under-five children in Kibiya (rural) and Dala (Urban) local government areas of Kano State Nigeria, Study Design: A descriptive research design was adopted by this study to assess the level of nutritional status of under-five-children and to determine the relationship between age, occupation, economic status, attitudes and practices of mothers. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on nutritional status, knowledge, attitudes and nutrition-related practices for a limited time period. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in two local government areas in Kano State, DALA and KIBIYA LGA, between February, 2019 to July, 2019. Methods: Descriptive research design was used for data collection. 198 and 170 mothers with their children from Kibiya and Dala respectively, were used for the study. Data generated was analyzed using Spss, Excel and was presented using frequency table, percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation. Results: In Kibiya, there was a very weak, positive correlation between maternal age under-five nutritional status with the exception of weight-for-height, which was found to be statistically significant (p<0.005). In Dala, the relationship was a very weak negative correlation with the exception of height-for-age which is positive correlated (p<0.005). Majority of the children were severely stunted with 44.1% in Dala and 56.1% in Kibya, but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of severe stunting between the two LGAs. Furthermore, majority of the under-fives were within the range of adequate weight: 45.5% Dala and 58.2% Kibiya. However, the prevalence of severely underweight children in Kibiya is 11.2%. This is significantly higher compared to Dala with 2.4% which means severe underweight children in Kibiya is almost five times that in Dala. Prevalence of wasting (mild, moderate and severe) among under-five children were significantly higher in Dala compared to Kibiya (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings from this study shows that maternal Age is a significant factor that affect the nutritional status of the children in  both local government but maternal Occupation has less impact on nutritional status of the children.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nutrition Status and Knowledge Level of Sports Trainers and Individuals Attended with Nine-Round Fitness Sports

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
A. Humeyra Islamoglu ◽  
I. Aycan Basoglu ◽  
Aleyna A. Ozbey ◽  
Feyza Tosya ◽  
F. Esra Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Nutrition Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sport Centers ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the nutritional knowledge levels and nutritional status of the sports trainers and individuals doing nine-round fitness sports, and compare the relationship between two groups. One hundred individuals doing sports and 10 trainers were included in the study. A questionnaire about general demographic information, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habits and sporting status were applied to the participants. In addition, 1-day retrospective food consumption record was taken to evaluate the intake levels of macro and micronutrients, and The Basic Nutrition Knowledge Level for Adults (YETBID) Scale was applied to measure the nutritional knowledge of the participants. The mean energy (kcal), protein (g), fat (g) and carbohydrate (g) intakes were found to be 1930±832,6, 117,8±61,3, 88±34,5, 159±111,1 for trainers and 1465±533, 81,8±33,9, 66,6±26,4, 128±76,9 for individuals doing sports, respectively. A significant difference was found between two groups in terms of energy intakes (p=0,042) whereas, no significant difference was found between the levels of macro nutrient intakes between trainers and individuals doing sports (p>0.05). According to the YETBID scores, it was found that the total score of individuals doing sports was significantly higher than trainers’ (p=0.037). It was concluded that the level of nutritional knowledge of sports trainers and individuals doing sports did not affect the nutritional status. Furthermore, dietitians should be present at sport centers and nutrition trainings should be arranged in order to prevent improper nutrition practices.

scholarly journals The Effect of Smoking on COVID-19 Symptom Severity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Askin Gülsen ◽  
Burcu Arpinar Yigitbas ◽  
Berat Uslu ◽  
Daniel Drömann ◽  
Oguz Kilinc
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR2-COV-2) and was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019, but quickly spread to the rest of the world, causing a pandemic. While some studies have found no link between smoking status and severe COVID-19, others demonstrated a significant one. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between smoking and clinical COVID-19 severity via a systematic meta-analysis approach. Methods. We searched the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify clinical studies suitable for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Studies reporting smoking status and comparing nonsevere and severe patients were included. Nonsevere cases were described as mild, common type, nonintensive care unit (ICU) treatment, survivors, and severe cases as critical, need for ICU, refractory, and nonsurvivors. Results. A total of 16 articles detailing 11322 COVID-19 patients were included. Our meta-analysis revealed a relationship between a history of smoking and severe COVID-19 cases (OR=2.17; 95% CI: 1.37–3.46; P<.001). Additionally, we found an association between the current smoking status and severe COVID-19 (OR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.12–2.05; P<.008). In 10.7% (978/9067) of nonsmokers, COVID-19 was severe, while in active smokers, severe COVID-19 occurred in 21.2% (65/305) of cases. Conclusion. Active smoking and a history of smoking are clearly associated with severe COVID-19. The SARS-COV-2 epidemic should serve as an impetus for patients and those at risk to maintain good health practices and discontinue smoking. The trial is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020180173.

An Evaluation of Three Different Cranial Cruciate Ligament Surgical Stabilization Procedures As They Relate to Postoperative Meniscal Injuries

1995 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Schwarz ◽  
M. Salman ◽  
M. R. Alvis ◽  
A. Metelman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Fibular Head ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

SummaryCranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture is the most commonly diagnosed stifle condition in the dog. Meniscal injury, in conjunction with CrCL rupture is also common in both man and dogs. There is a growing concern regarding meniscal injuries, whether unrecognized at the time of CrCL surgical stabilization or subsequent to stabilization, and the relationship to poor postoperative functional outcome. However, current literature is not specific as to an actual number of dogs subsequently requiring a second arthrotomy/meniscectomy.Three different CrCL stabilization operations in dogs were compared, retrospectively, for the occurrence of post-operative meniscal damage requiring a second arthrotomy and meniscectomy. Additional information concerning: signalment, weight, history of injury, CrCL ruptured, surgeon, type of CrCL rupture and amount of arthritis present was recorded in 665 cases. It was found that 13.8% of the stifles at risk (i. e. those stifles that did not have the meniscus removed at the time of initial surgical stabilization) returned for a second arthrotomy/meniscectomy. A significant difference in outcome was not found between the results when initially performed by different surgeons. The number of dogs which returned for a second arthrotomy/ meniscectomy whose weight were ≤ 15 kg was significant, when compared to the total number of dogs considered at risk for this weight range. There was a significantly lower rate of return, in those dogs at risk, which had received fibular head transposition stabilization.A retrospective study of 665 canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture cases documents the incidence (13.8%) of those dogs requiring a second arthrotomy, and subsequent meniscectomy, after one of three initial surgical stabilization procedures. Of the three procedures, the fibular head transposition technique had a significantly lower return rate requiring subsequent meniscectomy.

scholarly journals Management of violent behaviour in acutely relapsed schizophrenics

Curationis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Koen ◽  
B.H. Lategan ◽  
E. Jordaan ◽  
D.J.H. Niehaus ◽  
R.A. Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Behaviour Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The management of aggressive behaviour has always been a criticai issue in psychiatry. Finding measures that can be used to accurately predict the likelihood of assaultative behaviour and thus ensure timeous appropriate pharmacological management remains a dilemma. The study objective was to investigate the naturalistic, pharmacological management of inpatient aggressive behaviour in a group of 50 schizophrenic subjects with a view to determine: (1) whether a presenting history of recent violence lead to altered pharmacological management and (2) whether the NOSIE could be regarded as a useful assessment tool with regards to inpatient behaviour management. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the 2 subsets of subjects (history of violence vs none) with respect to total doses of medication administered. No statistical correlation could be found between the total NOSIE score and the dose of psychotropic medication used. The relationship between a subset of NOSIE-items and the total dose of medication was more complex and a clear linear relationship could be demonstrated for a total score of 0 to 5. In this particular ward setting a presenting history of recent violent behaviour did not influence the administration of medication and neither could the clinical judgement employed by the nursing staff to manage inpatient behaviour be captured by the NOSIE. However, a five-item subset of the NOSIE with questions relating to aggression and irritability warrants further scrutiny in this regard.

scholarly journals Rifabutin-Cobicistat Drug Interaction Resulting in Severe Bilateral Panuveitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Toomey ◽  
Jeffrey Lee ◽  
Doran B. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Steroids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Tenofovir Alafenamide

We report a novel case of severe bilateral panuveitis with hypopyon secondary to rifabutin and cobicistat drug interaction in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and latent tuberculosis (TB). A 63-year-old woman presented with bilateral conjunctival injection and decreasing vision of 5 days’ duration. She had a history of well-controlled HIV infection, latent TB, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis for which she was inadvertently being treated, due to a pharmacy error, concurrently with the anti-TB medicine rifabutin and the highly active antiretroviral therapy combination Genvoya® (elvitegravir 150 mg – cobicistat 150 mg – emtricitabine 200 mg – tenofovir alafenamide 10 mg). Ocular examination was significant for bilateral panuveitis with hypopyon. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous analysis were negative for infectious or rheumatologic abnormalities. Rifabutin was discontinued and the patient was treated with intravenous followed by oral steroids as an outpatient with eventual resolution of symptoms. This unique case of rifabutin-cobicistat drug interaction highlights the association between rifabutin drug levels and ocular inflammation and expands the potential presentation of rifabutin-associated uveitis to include bilateral panuveitis with hypopyon.

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