scholarly journals Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Total Suspended Solid with Simple Integrated Treatment as an Alternative to Meet the Household Needs for Clean Water

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (E) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Zulfikar Zulfikar ◽  
Nasrullah Nasrullah ◽  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Wiwit Aditama
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clean Water

BACKGROUND: Domestic wastewater can cause health problems and pollute groundwater sources. Such pollution not only has a negative impact on health and the environment, but also on the cost in providing clean water. AIM: The outcome of domestic wastewater treatment through a proper technique is expected to meet the clean water quality standard for sanitation purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of domestic wastewater. The experiment was carried out with 6 variations of HRT, namely 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours with 4 repetitions. The media running process was carried out for 14 days until the reactor condition was in steady state. RESULTS: The results showed that the removal values ​​for COD, Oil and Fat, Ammonia and Total Coliform parameters were 68.03%, 46.51%, 69.64% and 68.99%, respectively. Based on the variation of HRT of 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours on the BOD parameter, the removal values ​​obtained were 11.7%, 21.3%, 34.7%, 49.0% and 64.1%, respectively. Furthermore, for the TSS parameter, the values obtained were 17.3%, 25.4%, 30.6%, 42.3% and 50.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: HRT was proven to have a significant effect on the levels of BOD and TSS of domestic wastewater with a p-value of <0.05 at the 95% confidence level

scholarly journals Optimising the Hydraulic Retention Time in a Pilot-Scale Microbial Electrolysis Cell to Achieve High Volumetric Treatment Rates Using Concentrated Domestic Wastewater

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Leicester ◽  
Jaime M. Amezaga ◽  
Andrew Moore ◽  
Elizabeth S. Heidrich
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have the potential to deliver energy-neutral wastewater treatment. Pilot-scale tests have proven that they can operate at low temperatures with real wastewaters. However, volumetric treatment rates (VTRs) have been low, reducing the ability for this technology to compete with activated sludge (AS). This paper describes a pilot-scale microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) operated in continuous flow for 6 months. The reactor was fed return sludge liquor, the concentrated filtrate of anaerobic digestion sludge that has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD). The use of a wastewater with increased soluble organics, along with optimisation of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), resulted in the highest VTR achieved by a pilot-scale MEC treating real wastewater. Peak HRT was 0.5-days, resulting in an average VTR of 3.82 kgCOD/m3∙day and a 55% COD removal efficiency. Finally, using the data obtained, a direct analysis of the potential savings from the reduced loading on AS was then made. Theoretical calculation of the required tank size, with the estimated costs and savings, indicates that the use of an MEC as a return sludge liquor pre-treatment technique could result in an industrially viable system.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kualitas Air Situ Parigi, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Provinsi Banten

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zharifa ◽  
M F Fachrul ◽  
D I Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
E Coli

<p>Situ Parigi adalah salah satu situ di Kota Tangerang Selatan yang berada di Kelurahan Parigi Lama, Kecamatan Pondok Aren dengan luas sebesar 4 hektar. Situ Parigi memiliki fungsi sebagai reservoir, pengendali banjir dan irigasi. Kondisi Situ Parigi saat ini belum mendapat perhatian dan dirawat dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya sampah di saluran inlet dan di bagian tepinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air dan status mutu Situ Parigi. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali pada Bulan Mei, Juni dan Juli 2018 dengan metode grab sampling. Hasil analisis kualitas air dibandingkan dengan baku-mutu pada PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 untuk kelas 2. Menentukan status mutu air dengan menggunakan metodeIKA-NSF. Parameter yang diukur ada 9 (sembilan) yaitu suhu, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), kekeruhan, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrat, fosfat dan E. coli. Hasil analisis kualitas air menunjukkan parameter fosfat, BODdan E. coli melebihi baku-mutu, sedangkan parameter DO di bawah baku-mutu. Konsentrasi fosfat berkisar 0,04-0,46 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 0,2 mg/l. Konsentrasi BOD berkisar 3,08-51,08 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 3 mg/l. NilaiE. coli berkisar 0-4.000 CFU/100 ml sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 1.000 CFU/100 ml. Konsentrasi DO berkisar 1,1-4,7 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai ≥4 mg/l. Status mutu air Situ Parigi bernilai 60,9 yang menunjukkan bahwa Situ Parigi tercemar sedang.<br />Kata kunci: Situ, Parameter, Kualitas Air, Status Mutu Air, IKA-NSF</p>

scholarly journals Treatment of Domestic Wastewater with Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Gasim Hayder ◽  
Puniyarasen Perumulselum ◽  
Hitham Alhussian
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid ◽  
Biofilm Reactors

Fixed bed biofilm reactors were evaluated with three different arrangements of bio-balls. The performance of different arrangements was evaluated based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS) and mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS). The three rectors were fabricated and operated in lab scale model with real domestic wastewater. Considering the TSS removal efficiency, arrangement one was the best followed by arrangement two and arrangement three. While for COD, arrangement one recorded the highest removal efficiency followed by arrangement two and column. The average COD concentration for arrangement one was 23 while for arrangement two and arrangement three was 25 and 36 mg/l respectively. The overall average effluent TSS concentrations for the arrangement one, two and three were 25, 32 and 45 mg/l respectively. TSS and COD removal was almost the same for arrangement one and arrangement two but arrangement one has the highest among them, and all removal is acceptable under Malaysian standards. Besides that, all the three arrangements have the differences in terms of maintenance and installation. There was no clogging occurred in all the three arrangements.

STUDI TREATMENT CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PADA AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK PEMUKIMAN PESISIR (Studi Kasus : Pantai Blebak, Kecamatan Mlonggo, Kabupaten Jepara)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholis Normania Laily ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Dwi Sat Agus Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Dracaena Sanderiana

<p>Kawasan pesisir erat kaitannya dengan perubahan sifat perairan yang terjadi akibat kegiatan manusia, salah satunya yaitu berasal dari air limbah domestik. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan pada pemukiman pesisir Pantai Blebak Kabupaten Jepara, menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat masih membuang air limbah langsung ke badan tanah tanpa melakukan pengolahan, sehingga mencemari kualitas air tanah. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode dalam pengolahan air limbah.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode <em>Constructed Wetland Subsurface Flow Horizontal</em> dengan tanaman <em>Typha angustifolia,</em> <em>Cladium</em>, dan<em> Dracaena sanderiana</em>. Parameter senyawa yang ditinjau adalah BOD (<em>Biochemical Oxygen Demand</em>), COD (<em>Chemical Oxygen Demand</em>), dan TSS (<em>Total Suspended Solid</em>). Pengolahan dilakukan dengan waktu detensi 3,6, dan 9 hari. Sedangkan analisis<em> </em>data yang digunakan yaitu analisis uji Anova.</p><p> </p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai penyisihan tertinggi kadar BOD, COD, dan TSS terjadi pada waktu detensi ke -9 hari. Penyisihan kadar BOD tertinggi yaitu sebesar 90,24%, untuk parameter COD yaitu sebesar 90,46%, sedangkan penyisihan TSS tertinggi yaitu sebebesar 90,61%.</p>

Performance of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor Treating Beverages Wastewater Using Cosmo Ball Coated With and Without Activated Carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-703
Author(s):  
J. Nur Dhamirah Sakinah ◽  
M. I. Aida Isma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Carbon Absorption

Beverages industry producing large amount of wastewater during production and the cleaning process. The effluent discharge needs to be treated as it is harmful to the environment due to its high concentration of organic substances. In this study, the aim is to investigate the moving bed biofilm reactor’s performance in treating beverages wastewater with (CMBAC) and without activated carbon (CMB). The surface of cosmo ball was coated with granular activated carbon used as the attached growth media in the reactor. 18 L of MBBR using cosmo ball as media was setup at flowrate and hydraulic retention time of 1.5 L/hr and 8 hours, respectively. The reactor was maintained at pH 7 with minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 2 mg/L. Experiment was repeated by using CMBAC as media. The best percentage removal achieved for chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solid was by MBBR using CMBAC with 92.7% and 83.4%, respectively. It should be noted that absorption of contaminant by activated carbon absorption enhanced the organic removal in the reactor.

scholarly journals Efficiency analysis of effluents treatment plants of different industries at Kalurghat – Port City of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-337
Author(s):  
Sarkar Imran Wahid ◽  
Ohidul Alam ◽  
Mohammed Kamal Hossain ◽  
Milan Kumar Chakraborty ◽  
Mohammad Mohinuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Port City

The study was executed at Kalurghat industrial area to determine the efficiency of effluent treatment plants by testing different physicochemical parameters. Results revealed that only 3 out of 9 industries treated their effluents efficiently and discharged following the standards of Department of Environment. The remaining industries viz. Alfa Textile treated their effluent but the values of pH (10.2), dissolve oxygen (DO) (3.6 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (89 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (282 mg/L), total suspended solid (TSS) (221 mg/L), and electric conductivity (EC) (4,003 μS/cm) exceeded the standards, and released untreated effluents directly into the environment. Smart Jeans didn't maintain the standard of EC (1,927 μS/cm), DO (3.2 mg/L), BOD (96 mg/L) and COD (216 mg/L). Asian Apparels EC (1,973 μS/cm), DO (4 mg/L), BOD (79 mg/L), and COD (221 mg/L) weren't up to the standards. Similarly, Mans Fashion EC (1,243 μS/cm), DO (3.7 mg/L), TSS (180 mg/L), BOD (78 mg/L), and COD (255 mg/L) also exceeded the standards. In addition, Well Group TSS (160 mg/L), EC (3,201 μS/cm), DO (4.2 mg/L), and COD (235 mg/L) while Golden Height only EC (1,762 μS/cm) crossed the prescribed limits. Inversely, all the sampled industries volleyed effluents containing metals within the standards level except Alfa Textile (Cu, Zn, & Cr), Well Group (Cr) and Asian Apparels (Ni).

scholarly journals KEMATIAN MASSAL IKAN DAN SEBARAN PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR DI TELUK JAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayu Rahmia Anwar Putri ◽  
Sri Turni Hartati ◽  
Fayakun Satria
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Berbagai jenis ikan, dengan bobot total lebih dari 650 kg ditemukan mati di pesisir Pantai Ancol tanggal 30 November 2015, diantaranya yang dominan adalah gulamah (Scianidae). Kematian ikan yang sering terjadi akan menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan. Identifikasi faktor penyebab terjadinya peristiwa ini sangat penting untuk diketahui dalam rangka pengelolaan populasi ikan dan penyusunan tindakan pencegahan sehingga bisa mengurangi frekuensi dan besarnya tingkat kematian ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran spasial beberapa parameter kualitas airguna mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kematian masal ikan di Teluk Jakarta yang terjadi pada tanggal 30 November 2015. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tanggal 1-3 Desember 2015 di 14 stasiun penelitian mencakup14 parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi perairan. Sebaran spasial beberapa parameter perairan dipetakan dengan menggunakan software ArcGIS 9.3. Parameter perairan (kedalaman, kecerahan, suhu air, pH, oksigen terlarut dan ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential)) diukur secara insitu dan contoh air permukaan diambil untuk pengamatan plankton serta parameter kimia air di laboratorium (nitrat, fosfat, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, sulfide dan bahan organik terlarut). Berdasarkan analisa dari 14 parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi perairan diketahui faktor penyebab kematian masal ikan di Teluk Jakarta pada 30 November 2015 disebabkan karena rendahnya kandungan oksigen terlarut(0,07mg/l pada lokasi pusat kematian ikan),kadar nutrien yang berlebihan(nitrat,0,003-0,389 mg/l dan fosfat 0,811-1,653 mg/l,)dan tingginya konsentrasi ammonia yang merupakan gas beracun dan berbau (0,227-1,944 mg/l). On November 30th, 2015, more than 650 kg fishes found dead in the coast of Ancol. The identification of its causes is very vital to develop mitigation for managing fish population and preventing economic loss. This study aims to examine several waters parameters to identify the factors causing mass deaths of fish. The study was conducted on 1-3 December 2015 in Jakarta Bay by analyzing 14 parameters of physical, chemical and biological aspect. Spatial distribution of water parameters mapped using ArcGIS 9.3 software. Some water parameters were measured in situ (depth, brightness, water temperature,pH, dissolved oxygen and ORP (oxidation reduction potential) while surface water samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory (Nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand. The result showed that a mass fish kills in Jakarta Bay on 30 November 2015 due to low dissolved oxygen content, release of toxic gas into the water, excessive nutrient and high ammonia.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS PEEL AS A NATURAL COAGULANT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyatharishini Mardarveran ◽  
Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Pre Treatment

The chemical coagulants used in the process of wastewater treatment causes negative implications on environment and human health. Exploration on natural coagulants as environmental friendly solution has been widely carried out. In present research, Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel is used as coagulant in treating domestic wastewater. This study aimed to assess optimum pH of wastewater and coagulant dosage by varying them to achieve the maximum removal rate of total suspended solid (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The studied range for pH of wastewater was pH 1-3 and dosage of coagulant within 50–70 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) implied in optimization of this coagulation process. Treatment using this natural coagulant enabled maximum reduction of turbidity, TSS, BOD and COD up to 80.7 %, 77.5 %, 34.3 % and 34.6 % respectively under optimum condition of pH 2.1 and dosage of 58 mg/L. These findings revealed higher reduction in turbidity and TSS. Thus, this study indicates the promising potential of the Artocarpus heterophyllus peel extract as an alternative bio-based coagulating agent for effective pre-treatment of wastewater. 

Study on Simultaneous Nitrification–Denitrification in Membrane Bioreactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1878-1882
Author(s):  
Lu Xin ◽  
Kai Sun
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid ◽  
Do Concentration

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for organics and nitrogen removal. The membrane bioreactor was fed with domestic sewage and operated at different contents of dissolved oxygen (DO), different hydraulic retention time (HRT), and various mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations. The results showed that the distribution of DO level in MBR imposed a significant effect on simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND), and the optimal DO concentration should be controlled between 0.5 mg/L to1 mg/L. The denitrification was found to show the best performance for total nitrogen (TN) removal when the HRT reached 5 hours. Higher MLSS concentration led to the improvement in TN removal and the optimal MLSS concentration was 9000mg/L. In fact, more than 90% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were reduced when the MLSS concentration exceeded 3000mg/L.

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