The role of mediator subunit 12 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics (Review)

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

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Requirement for PKC Epsilon in Kras-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis

10.1101/2020.06.26.173690 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rachana Garg ◽

Mariana Cooke ◽

Shaofei Wang ◽

Fernando Benavides ◽

Martin C. Abba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Lung Tumorigenesis ◽

Mechanistic Analysis ◽

Oncogenic Driver ◽

Histological Form

ABSTRACTNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most frequent subtype of lung cancer, remains a highly lethal malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Mutant KRAS is the prevailing oncogenic driver of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common histological form of NSCLC. In this study, we examined the role of PKCε, an oncogenic kinase highly expressed in NSCLC and other cancers, in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Notably, database analysis revealed an association between PKCε expression and poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma patients specifically having KRAS mutation. By generating a PKCε-deficient, conditionally activatable allele of oncogenic Kras (LSL-KrasG12D;PKCε−/− mice) we were able to demonstrate the requirement of PKCε for Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo, which is consistent with the impaired transformed growth observed in PKCε-deficient KRAS-dependent NSCLC cells. Moreover, PKCε-knockout mice were found to be less susceptible to lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene, a carcinogen that induces mutations in Kras. Mechanistic analysis using RNA-Seq revealed little overlapping for PKCε and KRAS in the control of genes/biological pathways relevant in NSCLC, suggesting that a permissive role of PKCε in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis may involve non-redundant mechanisms. Our results thus highlight the relevance and potential of targeting PKCε for lung cancer therapeutics.

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Exosomes: A Forthcoming Era of Breast Cancer Therapeutics

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13184672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4672

Author(s):

Banashree Bondhopadhyay ◽

Sandeep Sisodiya ◽

Faisal Abdulrahman Alzahrani ◽

Muhammed A. Bakhrebah ◽

Atul Chikara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Liquid Biopsies ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Circulating Markers

Despite the recent advancements in therapeutics and personalized medicine, breast cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers among women. The prognostic and diagnostic aids mainly include assessment of tumor tissues with conventional methods towards better therapeutic strategies. However, current era of gene-based research may influence the treatment outcome particularly as an adjunct to diagnostics by exploring the role of non-invasive liquid biopsies or circulating markers. The characterization of tumor milieu for physiological fluids has been central to identifying the role of exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These exosomes provide necessary communication between tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The manipulation of exosomes in TME may provide promising diagnostic/therapeutic strategies, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer patients. This review has described and highlighted the role of exosomes in breast carcinogenesis and how they could be used or targeted by recent immunotherapeutics to achieve promising intervention strategies.

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Role of bacteria in oral carcinogenesis

South Asian Journal of Cancer ◽

10.4103/2278-330x.103719 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 78-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R Rajeev ◽

Kanaram Choudhary ◽

Swagatika Panda ◽

Neha Gandhi

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Microbial Populations ◽

Genetic Mutations ◽

Oral Carcinogenesis ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Indian Men ◽

Oral Microorganisms

AbstractOral cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in Indian men and is the leading cause of cancer deaths. It is considered as a multistep and multifactorial disease. Besides accumulation of genetic mutations, numerous other carcinogens are involved. In this category, viral and chemical carcinogens are well studied and documented. However, in the oral cavity, the role of microbiota in carcinogenesis is not known. Microbial populations on mouth mucosa differ between healthy and malignant sites, and certain oral bacterial species have been linked with malignancies, but the evidence is still weak in this respect. Nevertheless, oral microorganisms inevitably up-regulate cytokines and other inflammatory mediators that affect the complex metabolic pathways, and may thus be involved in carcinogenesis. Poor oral health associates statistically with prevalence of many types of cancer such as pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancer. This review presents possible carcinogenesis pathway involved in bacterial carcinogenesis, commonly implicated bacteria in oral carcinogenesis, and their role in cancer therapeutics as well.

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Role of Microbes and Microbial Products in Cancer Therapeutics

10.1007/978-981-16-1947-2_9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 203-220

Author(s):

Vinayak Sharma ◽

Prakash Kumar Sinha ◽

Jagtar Singh ◽

Eshu Singhal Sinha

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Microbial Products

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The Role of Calcium Signaling in Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Cells Tissues Organs ◽

10.1159/000512277 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Divya Adiga ◽

Raghu Radhakrishnan ◽

Sanjiban Chakrabarty ◽

Prashant Kumar ◽

Shama Prasada Kabekkodu

Keyword(s):

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Microenvironmental Factors ◽

Favorable Clinical Outcome

Despite substantial advances in the field of cancer therapeutics, metastasis is a significant challenge for a favorable clinical outcome. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of acquiring increased motility, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance by cancer cells for their sustained growth and survival. A plethora of intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic microenvironmental factors drive the process of cancer metastasis. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a critical role in dictating the adaptive metastatic cell behavior comprising of cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and intravasation. By modulating EMT, Ca2+ signaling can regulate the complexity and dynamics of events leading to metastasis. This review summarizes the role of Ca2+ signal remodeling in the regulation of EMT and metastasis in cancer.

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The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Cardiac Toxicity From Cancer Therapeutics

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.1007/s11936-019-0732-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron Soufer ◽

Lauren A. Baldassarre

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Cardiac Toxicity ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Resonance Imaging

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MicroRNAs as Emerging Regulators of Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12040911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 911 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shahzad Nawaz Syed ◽

Bernhard Brüne

Keyword(s):

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Target Identification ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Protein Translation ◽

Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽

Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽

Cancer Initiation ◽

Regulate Protein

A myriad of signaling molecules in a heuristic network of the tumor microenvironment (TME) pose a challenge and an opportunity for novel therapeutic target identification in human cancers. MicroRNAs (miRs), due to their ability to affect signaling pathways at various levels, take a prominent space in the quest of novel cancer therapeutics. The role of miRs in cancer initiation, progression, as well as in chemoresistance, is being increasingly investigated. The canonical function of miRs is to target mRNAs for post-transcriptional gene silencing, which has a great implication in first-order regulation of signaling pathways. However, several reports suggest that miRs also perform non-canonical functions, partly due to their characteristic non-coding small RNA nature. Examples emerge when they act as ligands for toll-like receptors or perform second-order functions, e.g., to regulate protein translation and interactions. This review is a compendium of recent advancements in understanding the role of miRs in cancer signaling and focuses on the role of miRs as novel regulators of the signaling pathway in the TME.

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Growth Modulatory Role of Zinc in Prostate Cancer and Application to Cancer Therapeutics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21082991 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2991 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Phuong Kim To ◽

Manh Hung Do ◽

Jin-Hyoung Cho ◽

Chaeyong Jung

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Zinc Homeostasis ◽

Prostate Cancer Development ◽

Prostate Cancers

Zinc is a group IIB heavy metal. It is an important regulator of major cell signaling pathways in most mammalian cells, functions as an antioxidant and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. Zinc deficiency leads to severe diseases in the brain, pancreas, liver, kidneys and reproductive organs. Zinc loss occurs during tumor development in a variety of cancers. The prostate normally contains abundant intracellular zinc and zinc loss is a hallmark of the development of prostate cancer development. The underlying mechanism of this loss is not clearly understood. The knowledge that excess zinc prevents the growth of prostate cancers suggests that zinc-mediated therapeutics could be an effective approach for cancer prevention and treatment, although challenges remain. This review summarizes the specific roles of zinc in several cancer types focusing on prostate cancer. The relationship between prostate cancer and the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis is examined in detail in an effort to understand the role of zinc in prostate cancer.

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