scholarly journals Biodiversity Data Sharing by Public Funded Institutions: Perspectives from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Talukdar ◽  
Andrew Townsend Peterson ◽  
Vinod Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Access To Data

In India, biodiversity data and information are gaining significance for sustainable development and preparing National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs). Civil societies and individuals are seeking open access to data and information generated with public funds, whereas sensitivity requirements often demand restrictions on the availability of sensitive data. In India, the traditional classification of data for sharing was based on the "Open Series Data" model; i.e. data not specifically included remains inaccessible. The National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP Anonymous 2012Suppl. material 1) published in 2012 produced a new data sharing framework more focused on the declaration of data as closed. NDSAP is a clear statement that data that are produced by the Government of India should be shared openly. Although much of the verbiage is focused on sharing within the Government to meet national goals, the document does include clear statements about sharing with the public. The policy is intended to apply "to all data and information created, generated, collected and archived using public funds provided by the Government of India". The policy is quite clear that it should apply to all such data, and that such data should be categorized into open-access, registered-access, or restricted-access. NDSAP indicates that all Government of India-produced/funded data is to be opened to the broader community, but provides three access categories (open, registered, restricted). Although NDSAP does not offer much guidance about what sorts of data should fall in each of the categories, it clearly focuses on data sensitive in terms of national security (i.e., data that must be restricted), such as high-resolution satellite imagery of disputed border regions. Institutions collecting biodiversity data usually include primary, research-grade data in the restricted-access category and secondary / derived data (e.g., vegetation maps, species distribution maps) in the open or registered-access category. The conservative approach of not making bioidiversity data easily accessible, is not in accordance with the NDSAP policy, which emphasizes the openness of data. It also counters the main currents in science, which are shifting massively in the direction of opening access to data. Though NDSAP was intended for full implementation by 2014, its uptake by the institutions engaged in primary biodiversity data collection has been slow mainly because: providing primary data in some cases can endanger elements of the natural world; and many researchers wish to keep the data that result from their research activities shielded from full, open access out of a desire to retain control of those data for future analysis or publication. providing primary data in some cases can endanger elements of the natural world; and many researchers wish to keep the data that result from their research activities shielded from full, open access out of a desire to retain control of those data for future analysis or publication. Biodiversity data collected as part of institutional activities belong, in some sense, to the institution, and the institution should value such data over the long term. If institutions curate their biodiversity data for posterity, they can reap the benefits. Imagine the returns if biodiversity data from current ongoing projects were to be compared to data collected 50-100 years later. Thus, organizations should emphasize the long-term view of institutionalizing data resources through fair data restrictions and emphasise on public access, rather than on individual rights and control. This approach may be debatable, but we reckon that it will translate into massive science pay-offs.

scholarly journals Open-access policy and data-sharing practice in UK academia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Online Publishing ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Access To Data

Data sharing can be defined as the release of research data that can be used by others. With the recent open-science movement, there has been a call for free access to data, tools and methods in academia. In recent years, subject-based and institutional repositories and data centres have emerged along with online publishing. Many scientific records, including published articles and data, have been made available via new platforms. In the United Kingdom, most major research funders had a data policy and require researchers to include a ‘data-sharing plan’ when applying for funding. However, there are a number of barriers to the full-scale adoption of data sharing. Those barriers are not only technical, but also psychological and social. A survey was conducted with over 1800 UK-based academics to explore the extent of support of data sharing and the characteristics and factors associated with data-sharing practice. It found that while most academics recognised the importance of sharing research data, most of them had never shared or reused research data. There were differences in the extent of data sharing between different gender, academic disciplines, age and seniority. It also found that the awareness of Research Council UK’s (RCUK) Open-Access (OA) policy, experience of Gold and Green OA publishing, attitudes towards the importance of data sharing and experience of using secondary data were associated with the practice of data sharing. A small group of researchers used social media such as Twitter, blogs and Facebook to promote the research data they had shared online. Our findings contribute to the knowledge and understanding of open science and offer recommendations to academic institutions, journals and funding agencies.

scholarly journals Studi Analisis Bibliometrik Perkembangan Penelitian Bidang Akuntansi Pemerintahan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Nadia Puteri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
The Government

Threats such as liquidation, competition, and profitability may be of urgent concern to private sector organizations, but are significantly less relevant in a government context. Factors that are more important for the government include long-term stability, the ability to consistently cover annual expenditures and debts, and the management of public funds, the development of accounting in the field of government has become an important role in the administration and governance of government finances so that research in the field of government accounting in recent years is indispensable. This study aims to find out how to study the development of research in the field of government accounting by conductinganalysis bibliometric to investigate references to scientific articles in the field of government accounting. The research method used is a quantitative method to analyze a literature review that summarizes and evaluates a collection of writings on a topic. Research in the field of government accounting occurred at most in 2017. Based on theanalysis bibliometric that has been carried out, research on government accounting is very necessary to meet the needs of stakeholders to assess government accountability and to make political, social, and economic decisions.

scholarly journals Challenges of Innovation for Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Case Study in Beijing

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Mohammed Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Successful Innovation

<p>Innovation has been regarded as one of important impetuses to gain competitive advantages and achieve sustainable development for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the past thirty years. However, SMEs in China have currently confronted a lot of problems impairing their innovation performance. This study aims to identify the main challenges hindering successful innovation of Chinese SMEs. Based on the previous academic studies, there are five research variables are developed and evaluated: lack of financial support, inadequate research and development (R&amp;D) activities, the shortage of technical and skilled employees, weak entrepreneur orientation, improper governmental and legal environment. Furthermore, the primary data are collected by structured-questionnaires from 120 SMEs in Beijing. According to the research results analyzed by SPSS, it reveals that lack of financial support and inadequate R&amp;D activities are major challenges for Chinese SMEs to achieve innovation. The shortage of technical and skilled employees as well as the improper governmental and legal environment is other barrier. Therefore, more responsibilities and actions should be taken by the government and SMEs themselves to enhance the innovation capability of Chinese SMEs. On the other hand, only one factor—weak entrepreneur orientation, is not regarded as a key challenge. This indicates Chinese entrepreneurs have increasingly realized the significant role of innovation played in the survival and long-term prosperity of SMEs recently.</p>

scholarly journals Biodiversidata: A Collaborative Initiative Towards Open Data Availability in Uruguay

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Grattarola ◽  
Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Subject

Data-sharing has become a key component in the modern scientific era of large-scale research, with numerous advantages for both data collectors and users. However, data-sharing in Uruguay remains neglected given that major public sources of biodiversity information (government and academia) are not open-access. As a consequence, the patterns and drivers of biodiversity in this country remain poorly understood and so does our ability to manage and conserve its biodiversity. To overcome this critical gap, collaborative strategies are needed to communicate the importance and benefits of data openness, exchange and provide technical tools and training on all aspects of data management, sharing practices, focus on incentives, and motivation structures for data-holders. Here, we introduce the Biodiversidata initiative (www.biodiversidata.org) – a novel Uruguayan Consortium of Biodiversity Data. Biodiversidata is a collaboration among experts with the aim of improving the country’s biodiversity knowledge and the open-access of the vast resources they generate. Biodiversidata aims to collate the first comprehensive open-access database on Uruguay's whole biodiversity, to support advancements in scientific research and conservation actions. Currently, Biodiversidata consists of over 30 experts from across national and international institutions, studying diverse biodiversity groups. After less than two years, we have collected, curated and standardised a dataset of ~70,000 records of primary biodiversity data of tetrapod species – the first and most comprehensive open biodiversity database ever gathered for Uruguay to date. However, the process is hampered by multiple challenges: the lack of support for sampling of specimens and maintenance of collections has contributed to the situation were data are often perceived as personal property rather than collective resources; institutions have no plans or strategies directed to digitisation of their collections which actually places biodiversity data in Uruguay ‘at risk’ of being lost; the scarce governmental and academic incentive structures towards open scientific research relegates data-sharing to a personal decision; although scientists individually are willing to share their research data, the lack of data management plans within their research groups hampers the capacity to digitise the data and thus, to make them available; former initiatives aimed to create comprehensive biodiversity databases did not consider the balance between openness and gain for researchers, setting the subject of data-sharing more of an obligation than a path of promotion, which impacted negatively in the perception of scientist to open their data. the lack of support for sampling of specimens and maintenance of collections has contributed to the situation were data are often perceived as personal property rather than collective resources; institutions have no plans or strategies directed to digitisation of their collections which actually places biodiversity data in Uruguay ‘at risk’ of being lost; the scarce governmental and academic incentive structures towards open scientific research relegates data-sharing to a personal decision; although scientists individually are willing to share their research data, the lack of data management plans within their research groups hampers the capacity to digitise the data and thus, to make them available; former initiatives aimed to create comprehensive biodiversity databases did not consider the balance between openness and gain for researchers, setting the subject of data-sharing more of an obligation than a path of promotion, which impacted negatively in the perception of scientist to open their data. To overcome some of these challenges, we decided to direct Biodiversidata to individual researchers/experts and not institutions. We called them with the plan of collecting the maximum possible amount of data from vertebrate, invertebrate and plant species, use it to collaboratively generate impactful scientific research. An important aspect was that we requested data only to fit the premise of being primary biodiversity data (i.e., data records that document the occurrence of a species in space and time). This meant cleaning and standardising very heterogeneous information, from a variety of source types and formats, including updating scientific names and georeferentiating sampling locations. However, centralising the cleaning process allowed researchers to send their raw records without spending time cleaning them themselves and, as a consequence, enlarged the amount of data being collated. Collectively, Biodiversidata’s approach towards changing the culture of data-sharing practices has relied on the reinforcement of a scientific collaboration culture that benefits not only researchers at the individual level, but the progress of larger-scale issues as a whole. There is a long way to go on the subject of open research data in Uruguay, though, aiming strategies to people, capitalising data management and progressing with step-by-step rewards, is already showing some preliminary encouraging results.

scholarly journals The Differences of Taxpayer Compliance Before and After Tax Amnesty Stimulus

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Subadriyah Subadriyah ◽  
Siti Aliyah
Keyword(s):  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Short Time

Tax amnesty is a type of remission program for taxpayers where they are freed from their tax obligations but, in exchange for the tax liability forgiveness, have to pay a redemption amount of money and disclose incomplete or unreported income in their previous tax periods, without having to face theadministrative penalty or tax prosecution. The short-term purpose of tax amnesty is to increase the country's income in large quantities in a short time. In the long-term, this program is intended to form a wider database so that the government can increase the number of taxpayers and level of tax compliance. This study aims to determine the differences in taxpayer compliance during the periods before (pre-test) and after (pro-test) the Indonesian Tax Amnesty program which ended on March 31, 2017. The population was taken from the total data of taxpayers registered in KPP Pratama Jepara. The sample for this research includes 100 respondents based on Slovin's formula calculation. The sampling was done using purposive sampling, and the type of data used was primary data collected via questionnaire distribution. The method used for the data analysis was a paired sample t-test. The results showed that the taxpayer compliance between the pretest and protest of tax amnesty program changed. This difference indicates an increase in taxpayer compliance, although still very low.

scholarly journals Beyond the Data Deluge: A Research Agenda for Large-Scale Data Sharing and Reuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ixchel M. Faniel ◽  
Ann Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
System Level ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Scale Data

There is almost universal agreement that scientific data should be shared for use beyond the purposes for which they were initially collected. Access to data enables system-level science, expands the instruments and products of research to new communities, and advances solutions to complex human problems. While demands for data are not new, the vision of open access to data is increasingly ambitious. The aim is to make data accessible and usable to anyone, anytime, anywhere, and for any purpose. Until recently, scholarly investigations related to data sharing and reuse were sparse. They have become more common as technology and instrumentation have advanced, policies that mandate sharing have been implemented, and research has become more interdisciplinary. Each of these factors has contributed to what is commonly referred to as the "data deluge". Most discussions about increases in the scale of sharing and reuse have focused on growing amounts of data. There are other issues related to open access to data that also concern scale which have not been as widely discussed: broader participation in data sharing and reuse, increases in the number and types of intermediaries, and more digital data products. The purpose of this paper is to develop a research agenda for scientific data sharing and reuse that considers these three areas.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA WISATA CIBUNTU KABUPATEN KUNINGAN PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titing Kartika ◽  
Lia Afriza ◽  
Khoirul Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
West Java ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Potential

ABSTRAKDesa Cibuntu merupakan salah satu Desa Wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Kuningan dan menjadi prioritas jangka panjang pembangun Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali potensi wisata di Desa Wisata Cibuntu serta membantu dalam upaya peningkatan pemberdayaan masyarakat sehingga masyarakat akan merasakan dampak positif dengan adanya pengembangan Desa Wisata tersebut. Dampak yang diharapkan dari pemberdayaan tersebut tidak hanya berdampak secara ekonomi namum juga secara sosial dan budaya. Dengan demikian pembangunan bariwisata yang berorientasi pada masyarakat tersebut akan menjadikan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi kegiatan wawancara, observasi dan kajian literatur yang kemudian dapat ditindaklanjuti dengan kegiatan Fokus Grup Diskusi. Kegiatan penelitian akan melibatkan pemerintah, swasta (industri), asosiasi, masyarakat (petani, seniman/budayawan, pengelola desa, pemilik homestay serta kelompok penggerak pariwisata) serta pihak-pihak lain yang memiliki keterkaitan erat dalam pengembangan Desa Wisata Tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan desa wisata di Cibuntu belum dapat dikatakan optimal dengan belum terbangunnya sinergitas antara masyarakat dan pemerintah. Dengan demikian pola pemberdayaan berkelanjutan di Desa Cibuntu masih memerlukan dorongan yang kuat. Kata Kunci: Desa Wisata Cibuntu, Pariwisata Berkelanjutan,  Pemberdayaan Masyarakat  COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN CIBUNTU TOURISM VILLAGE KUNINGAN DISTRICT WEST JAVA PROVINCE  ABSTRACTCibuntu Village is one of the Tourism Villages in Kuningan Regency and is a priority for long term goals of West Java province.The purpose of this research is to explore tourism potential in Cibuntu Tourism Village and help in efforts to increase community empowerment so that the community will feel a positive impact with the development of the Tourism Village. The expected impact of empowerment does not only affect economically but also socially and culturally. Thus the development of community-oriented tourism will make sustainable tourism.The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques including interviews, observation and literature review which can then be followed up with the Focus Group Discussion activity. Research activities will involve the government, private (industry), associations, communities (farmers, artists/ cultural observers, village managers, homestay owners and tourism activists) as well as other parties that have close links in the development of the Tourism Village. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the development of tourist villages in Cibuntu cannot be said to be optimal with the lack of synergy between the community and the government. Thus the pattern of sustainable empowerment in Cibuntu Village still requires strong encouragement. Keywords: Cibuntu Tourism Village, Sustainable Torusim, Community Empowerment.

scholarly journals The importance and challenges of the implementation of IPSAS accrual basis to the public sector: The case of Kosovo

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1109-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ismaili ◽  
Hysen Ismajli ◽  
Nexhmie Berisha Vokshi
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Societies

This paper aims to determine the importance and challenges of the reform and transition towards the International Public Sector Accounting Standards’ (IPSASs’) accrual accounting and its implementation in the public sector in Kosovo. A survey obtained primary data from a considerable representative sample of officials from budget organizations and institutions and members of publicly owned enterprises (POEs) and professional societies. The study analyzed the collected data using descriptive statistics, correlation and the Chi-Square and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The reform contributes significantly to a better decision-making process and the use of public funds. It reflects the true long-term implications of policy decisions and therefore helps governments demonstrate accountability in the use of public funds. Despite the identified challenges, the study justifies the suggested reform in Kosovo. The findings emphasize its importance for improving accountability, transparency and financial management and building public confidence in information and the country’s macro-fiscal sustainability position.

Impact of Covid 19 Induced Conditions on the Consumer Behavior on A Short, Mid and Long Term, for Consumption of Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1906-1923
Author(s):  
Shripad Joshi, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated the interconnected and quiet picture of the nation with humans without their human touch – and that no one is safe until everyone is safe. With this pandemic different changes taken place and after fighting and juggling with it for around 4 months, consumers accepted the fact “this is new normal”. But this pandemic affected as well as changed the pattern of consumer behavior in so many ways be it behavioral change or psychological change. As the current situation made us all come across a lot of newness and to study that change in consumer behavior, my internship was an attempt to do a research on the impact of Covid19 induced conditions on the consumer behavior on a short, mid and long term impact for consumption of services. This research was taken out to understand the same in better way. In the tenure of two months of my internship was to carry out a detailed analysis of consumer behavior in terms of services and their impact. This project’s primary objective was to perform set of task in order to study different psychological changes taking place in consumer for achieving the same I have giving following task which needs to be followed in the mentioned sequence itself. The tasks were mainly divided into five sets: Background study and collection of information related to covid-19. Preparation of questionnaire on the basis of Primary data collection from respondent (min.300) on telephonic Analysis of data and key findings Formation of report on the collected information This market research was carried out with constraint, provided from the external mentor in terms of the selection of respondent. Covid-19 made a great impact on the consumer behavior in just a course of few months as few restrictions were imposed on the Indian citizen by the government of India to make sure health and safety of the people. This study in only recited to consumer of India who reside in India itself for a focused study and targeted group of people. Alongside this there was great learning regarding some technical knowledge like working on excel and analysis of the respondent’s response.

Klasifikasi Tahap Kematangan Pisang Ambon Berdasarkan Warna Menggunakan Naive Bayes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Yulianto ◽  
Retno Nugroho Whidhiasih ◽  
Maimunah Maimunah
Keyword(s):  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Classification Image ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT   Banana fruit is a commodity that contributes a great value to both national and international fruit production achievement. The government through the National Standardization Agency establishes standards to maintain the quality of bananas. The purpose of this Project is to classify the stages of maturity of Ambon banana base on the color index using Naïve Bayes method in accordance with the regulations of SNI 7422:2009. Naive Bayes is used as a method in the classification process by comparing the probability values generated from the variable value of each model to determine the stage of Ambon banana maturity. The data used is the primary data image of 105 pieces of Ambon banana. By using 3 models which consists of different variables obtained the same greatest average accuracy by using the 2nd model which has 9 variable values (r, g, b, v, * a, * b, entropy, energy, and homogeneity) and the 3rd model has 7 variable values (r, g, b, v , * a, entropy and homogeneity) that is 90.48%.   Keywords: banana maturity, classification, image processing     ABSTRAK   Buah pisang merupakan komoditas yang memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap angka produksi buah nasional maupun internasional. Pemerintah melalui Badan Standarisasi Nasional menetapkan standar untuk buah pisang, menjaga mutu  buah pisang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah klasifikasi tahapan kematangan dari buah pisang ambon berdasarkan indeks warna menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes  sesuai dengan SNI 7422:2009. Naive bayes digunakan sebagai metode dalam proses pengklasifikasian dengan cara membandingkan nilai probabilitas yang dihasilkan dari nilai variabel penduga setiap model untuk menentukan tahap kematangan pisang ambon. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer citra pisang ambon sebanyak 105. Dengan menggunakan 3 buah model yang terdiri dari variabel penduga yang berbeda didapatkan akurasi rata-rata terbesar yang sama yaitu dengan menggunakan model ke-2 yang mempunyai 9 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, *b, entropi, energi, dan homogenitas) dan model ke-3 yang mempunyai 7 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, entropi dan homogenitas) yaitu sebesar 90.48%.   Kata Kunci : kematangan pisang,  klasifikasi, pengolahan citra

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