scholarly journals Towards an Integrated Biodiversity Technology Program Supporting Transparent Decision Making in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Huijbers ◽  
Sarah Richmond ◽  
Lee Belbin ◽  
Hamish Holewa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Technology Program ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
Practice Methods

Effective management of our natural world under current and future conditions requires efficient, collaborative and complementary planning and decision-making processes with clear lines of accountability. While there has been significant progress in establishing national databases for the management of species observation data, these only represent samples of a species' total distribution. The need and challenge therefore is to model these point-based observation data to obtain estimates or projections of the total range and distribution of the species. Such Species Distribution Models (SDMs), also known as Environmental Niche Models (ENMs), and the geographic data (or “maps”) they generate, provide vital information needed by governments at all levels to meet various policy and statutory responsibilities and obligations. SDMs quantify the response of species occurrence to environmental conditions described by variables such as climate, substrate, productivity and vegetation. The outcomes of an SDM can be used to identify locations and regions with potentially suitable environmental conditions for a species, as well as assess how species may respond to projected future climate changes or habitat loss. While SDMs are widely used in many decision- and policy-making programs, investment in species distribution information has been fragmented and limited. In Australia, three different government departments joined forces with the Atlas of Living Australia and the Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory to develop a standard framework for modelling threatened species distributions for use in policy and environmental decision-making. The pilot program that will be conducted throughout 2019 includes three complementary pillars: An expert panel with both researchers and government practitioners who will review current SDM practices used in government and develop a set of best-practice methods. A technology program that includes the development of a new modelling platform that implements the best-practice methods for transparent and reproducible SDMs for decision making as established by the expert panel. Additionally, there will be an online portal for publishing ecological model outputs in a searchable catalogue to enhance cross-jurisdiction collaborations. Establishment of a training and skill development program to upskill decision makers using the new tools and methodology in practice. An expert panel with both researchers and government practitioners who will review current SDM practices used in government and develop a set of best-practice methods. A technology program that includes the development of a new modelling platform that implements the best-practice methods for transparent and reproducible SDMs for decision making as established by the expert panel. Additionally, there will be an online portal for publishing ecological model outputs in a searchable catalogue to enhance cross-jurisdiction collaborations. Establishment of a training and skill development program to upskill decision makers using the new tools and methodology in practice. This presentation will showcase the outcomes of this program and highlight how digital infrastructure can enhance decision making. In this case specifically, the collaboration across government departments ensures a) a consistent approach across jurisdictions, b) an increase in model quality, thereby leading to a decrease in unnecessary survey or consultation efforts, c) an increase in suitability, robustness and reproducibility of SDMs, and d) increased advocacy and coordination in national programs and resources.

The limits of evidence-based anti-bribery law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Business Regulation

Evidence-based regulation is a term of art that refers to the process of making decisions about regulation based on evidence generated through systematic research. There is increasing pressure to treat evidence-based regulation as a global best practice, including in the area of anti-bribery law. Too little attention has been paid to the fact that under certain conditions evidence-based regulation is likely to be a less appealing method of decision making than the alternative – namely, relying on judgment. Those conditions are: it is difficult to collect data on either interventions or outcomes; accurate causal inferences are difficult to draw; there is little warrant for believing that the same causal relationships will apply in a new context; or the decision makers in question lack the capacity to undertake one of these tasks. These conditions are likely to be present in complex, transnational, decentralized, and dynamic forms of business regulation such as the global anti-bribery regime.

scholarly journals How can we discover the most valuable types of big data and artificial intelligence-based solutions? A methodology for the efficient development of the underlying analytics that improve care

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lytske Bakker ◽  
Jos Aarts ◽  
Carin Uyl-de Groot ◽  
Ken Redekop
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Practice Methods

Abstract Background Much has been invested in big data and artificial intelligence-based solutions for healthcare. However, few applications have been implemented in clinical practice. Early economic evaluations can help to improve decision-making by developers of analytics underlying these solutions aiming to increase the likelihood of successful implementation, but recommendations about their use are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a framework that positions best practice methods for economic evaluations alongside development of analytics, thereby enabling developers to identify barriers to success and to select analytics worth further investments. Methods The framework was developed using literature, recommendations for economic evaluations and by applying the framework to use cases (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), intensive care, diabetes). First, the feasibility of developing clinically relevant analytics was assessed and critical barriers to successful development and implementation identified. Economic evaluations were then used to determine critical thresholds and guide investment decisions. Results When using the framework to assist decision-making of developers of analytics, continuing development was not always feasible or worthwhile. Developing analytics for progressive CLL and diabetes was clinically relevant but not feasible with the data available. Alternatively, developing analytics for newly diagnosed CLL patients was feasible but continuing development was not considered worthwhile because the high drug costs made it economically unattractive for potential users. Alternatively, in the intensive care unit, analytics reduced mortality and per-patient costs when used to identify infections (− 0.5%, − €886) and to improve patient-ventilator interaction (− 3%, − €264). Both analytics have the potential to save money but the potential benefits of analytics that identify infections strongly depend on infection rate; a higher rate implies greater cost-savings. Conclusions We present a framework that stimulates efficiency of development of analytics for big data and artificial intelligence-based solutions by selecting those applications of analytics for which development is feasible and worthwhile. For these applications, results from early economic evaluations can be used to guide investment decisions and identify critical requirements.

scholarly journals Importance Performance Analysis using Dematel: A Case Study on Tourist Destination Attributes in Manado Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wullur ◽  
Valen Samehe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The City

The article discusses the important and influential tourist destination attributes for foreign tourists. The study was conducted on 40 respondents who were considered experts in providing an assessment of tourist destinations in the city of Manado, Indonesia. This study uses the combination of the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) approach and decision making and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The main results indicate that the attributes of cleanliness, neatness, greening, and fresh air are very important and have a significant influence on other attributes but are not satisfactory. This attribute is a critical priority that must be improved by decision makers, so that the tourist destination development program in the city of Manado becomes efficient and effective. Meanwhile, friendly community and delicious cuisine are very important attributes and have significant influence on other attributes, the performance is very satisfying for tourists, and this attribute needs to be maintained.

Transparency and Due Process: A Systematic Approach to Educational Decision-making and Appeals

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S300-S300
Author(s):  
A. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Fair Process ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Appeal Process ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Educational Decision Making

IntroductionTransparency and due process are inseparable principles that should underpin any educational and administrative decision made within an organization.ObjectivesIt is considered best practice for organizations to place the processes and structures surrounding reviews of decisions made by their organization at arm's length to the committee or group that made the original decision. This ensures there is and that due process is followed.AimsAn independent appeal process is an integral part of any fair system of assessment and decision making.MethodsThe Royal Australian and New Zealand College of psychiatrists has undertaken several reviews of its current processes to examine its practices as both substantive and procedural issues arise in decisions with regard to the provision of psychiatric training. The reconsideration and appeal policy was developed to set out a clear and fair process for applicants to request decisions of the RANZCP to be reconsidered and appealed. This ensures that an applicant has a fair and reasonable opportunity to challenge the original decision whilst receiving support from the RANZCP to minimize any stress that may be experienced during this process.ResultsThe RANZCP has observed that the three phase process has enabled matters to be resolved at an earlier stage of the appeal cycle and do not require progression to a formal appeal.ConclusionThis presentation will identify best practice methods in educational decision-making and conducting appeals.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

A Targets-of-Governance Approach to Explaining Procedural Credibility

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Hamish van der Ven
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Scrutiny

This chapter argues that the targets of governance condition the procedural credibility of eco-labeling organizations. Eco-labeling organizations that target large firms and seek global market presence—those that aim big—are more likely to follow best practices than those with narrower ambitions. The chapter details three causal mechanisms through which this relationship occurs. First, the heightened critical scrutiny that accompanies aiming big leads ELOs to demonstrate concern for procedural credibility out of a fear of reputational damages from negative media or NGO attention. Second, as ELOs expand their market presence, they seek legitimacy by including a growing community of stakeholders in decision-making. This heightened inclusiveness socializes key decision-makers in a way that reinforces a commitment to procedural credibility. Third, the increased revenues derived from targeting large firms helps ELOs competently perform the various dimensions of best practice. The chapter outlines a number of testable implications.

scholarly journals Triage system performance: consistency and accuracy in the emergency centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Enrico Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Triage System ◽  
Perfect System ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
Made In

Triage systems have evolved over recent times with the use of tiered acuity to achieve a balance between patient need and resource availability. Triage is a way to sort patients based on acuity, irrespective of the setting, and whether by telephone, in the prehospital environment or in hospital. The growth of the paramedic profession means that paramedics are now working in emergency centres and having to contend with the concept of triage in this setting. The nature of emergency centres and the variety of patient presentations makes it nearly impossible to have a perfect system that is both consistent and accurate. Paramedics, as decision makers, should understand the underlying concepts of what makes a triage system perform well so best practice can be adopted with specific goals in mind. There is a patient-centred focus to do the most for the most at any given time and to ensure that resources are aligned with the needs of patients. It is vital to monitor a triage system's performance so that improvements or adjustments can be made in response to patient population needs over time. This commentary focuses on the main principles of triage system performance measures and what factors should be taken into consideration during clinical practice. Highlighting the concepts of triage reliability, validity and decision-making should help paramedics to understand the importance of conscious decision-making practice.

Psychological Assumptions Underlying Credibility Assessments in Finnish Asylum Determinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Skrifvars ◽  
Veronica Sui ◽  
Jan Antfolk ◽  
Tanja van Veldhuizen ◽  
Julia Korkman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Immigration Service

Current best-practice guidelines for credibility assessments in asylum procedures have been criticized for their susceptibility to subjectivity and bias. The current study investigated assumptions underlying credibility assessments in Finnish first-instance asylum procedures and how these assumptions fit with widely accepted psychological science. Following previous research, we categorized assumptions in 56 real-life asylum cases from the Finnish Immigration Service. We found that asylum officials held assumptions about how truthful applicants present their claims, the plausibility of individuals’ behavior in their home countries, and applicants’ knowledge about asylum procedures. The assumptions were only partially in line with psychological science on memory, trauma, intercultural communication, and decision-making. To improve decision-making, training programs for asylum officials should include relevant findings from psychological science. To increase the transparency and combat bias, the written determination letters should also include explicit information about the decision-makers reasoning processes.

EBM: Rationalist Fever Dreams

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devorah Klein ◽  
David Woods ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
Shawna Perry
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
The Face ◽  
Based Medicine

In 2016, we examined the connection between naturalistic decision making and the trend toward best practice compliance; we used evidence-based medicine (EBM) in health care as an exemplar. Paul Falzer’s lead paper in this issue describes the historical underpinnings of how and why EBM came into vogue in health care. Falzer also highlights the epistemological rationale for EBM. Falzer’s article, like our own, questions the rationale of EBM and reflects on ways that naturalistic decision making can support expertise in the face of attempts to standardize practice and emphasize compliance. Our objectives in this commentary are first to explain the inherent limits of procedural approaches and second to examine ways to help decision makers become more adaptive.

Decision making based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations with additive approximate consistency

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4041-4058
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Real Interval ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Fuzzy Weights ◽  
Fuzzy Preference

Intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) have the natural ability to reflect the positive, the negative and the non-determinative judgements of decision makers. A decision making model is proposed by considering the inherent property of IFPRs in this study, where the main novelty comes with the introduction of the concept of additive approximate consistency. First, the consistency definitions of IFPRs are reviewed and the underlying ideas are analyzed. Second, by considering the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of decision makers’ opinions, the novel concept of approximate consistency for IFPRs is proposed. Then the additive approximate consistency of IFPRs is defined and the properties are studied. Third, the priorities of alternatives are derived from IFPRs with additive approximate consistency by considering the effects of the permutations of alternatives and the allocation of the non-determinacy degree. The rankings of alternatives based on real, interval and intuitionistic fuzzy weights are investigated, respectively. Finally, some comparisons are reported by carrying out numerical examples to show the novelty and advantage of the proposed model. It is found that the proposed model can offer various decision schemes due to the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of IFPRs.

strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Handayani Handayani ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Information Time ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
General Individuals

Decision making is one element of economic value, especially in the era of globalization, and if it is not acceptable in the decision making process, we will be left behind. According to Robins, (2003: 173), Salusu, (2000: 47), and Razik and Swanson, (1995: 476) say that decision making can be interpreted as a process of choosing a number of alternatives, how to act in accordance with concepts, or rules in solving problems to achieve individual or group goals that have been formulated using a number of specific techniques, approaches and methods and achieve optimal levels of acceptance.Decision making in organizations whether a decision is made for a person or group, the nature of the decision is often determined by rules, policies, prescribed, instructions that have been derived or practices that apply. To understand decision making within the organization it is useful to view decision making as part of the overall administrative process. In general, individuals tend to use simple strategies, even if in any complex matter, to get the desired solution, because the solution is limited by imperfect information, time and costs, limited thinking and psychological stress experienced by decision makers.

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