scholarly journals Myelomeningocele with Associated Anomalies – Case Report and Literature Review

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-466
Author(s):  
Borislav Kitov ◽  
Ivo Kehayov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Malformations ◽  
Current Report ◽  
Common Defect

Myelomeningocele is a common defect of the development of the neural tube. It is a complex congenital malformation of the central nervous system (CNS) that can be associated with other concurrent anomalies. We report on a case of lumbar myelomeningocele with concomitant CNS malformations we followed up over a period of 15 years. A concise literature review has also been performed. The current report illustrates that the myelomeningocele is a complex anomaly that is commonly associated with a variety of other CNS malformations such as hydrocephalus and Chiari malformation. It may follow chronic progressive course with exacerbation of clinical symptoms in the long term. Patients that have undergone surgical correction of this spinal defect should be closely monitored over a long period of time because of the possibility of clinical deterioration of the concomitant anomalies such as hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation and siryngomyelia.

scholarly journals Long-term application of hydroxychloroquine could not prevent the infection of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1368-1373
Author(s):  
Yin Zhu ◽  
Yongping Chen ◽  
Yuewen Gong ◽  
Aijun Pan ◽  
Huijie Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Ceftriaxone Sodium ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Current Report

Introduction: Current pandemic of the coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents an urgent issue to the world due to lack of vaccine and medication. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has generated a lot of controversies whether it is effective in prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Current report presents a 63-year-old woman who has taken HCQ for many years but still infected by COVID-19. Case presentation: A patient with rheumatoid arthritis came to the clinic with fever and sore throat. The patient has been treated with 200 mg HCQ per day since 2016. Laboratory tests showed that the patient had lymphopenia, increased levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Chest radiography showed that the patient had pneumonia. Throat swab test confirmed COVID-19 positive. On admission, she was treated with nebulized interferon alfa-2b, oral Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and ceftriaxone sodium for the COVID-19 in addition to HCQ. The patient stayed in hospital for 18 days, recovered from oxygen intake, and eventually discharged from hospital. Follow up investigation showed the patient developed antibody against COVID-19. Conclusions: Long-term application of HCQ could not prevent COVID-19 infection, but whether HCQ exerts benefit to alleviation of clinical symptoms and duration of hospital stays remains to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Symptomatic relapse and long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in a previously healthy 30-year-old man

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e239825
Author(s):  
Hatem Abdallah ◽  
Florence Porterfield ◽  
David Fajgenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Symptomatic Relapse

Much has been reported on the clinical course of severe COVID-19, but less is known about the natural history and sequalae of mildly symptomatic cases and the prospects of reinfection or recurrence of symptoms. We report a case of a patient with mildly symptomatic PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who, after being symptom-free for 2 weeks, redeveloped symptoms and was found to be PCR-positive again >4 weeks from original testing. Surprisingly, IgG and IgM antibody testing was negative 2 months after reinfection. Although no negative testing was performed between the two symptomatic bouts, this case raises the possibility of reinfection after controlling the virus and highlights the long period with which a patient can shed virus and experience symptoms after initial infection. Characterising variations in clinical symptoms and length of viral shedding after improvement is essential for informing recommendations on patients safely resuming contact with others.

scholarly journals Neonatal Seizures Revisited

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Konrad Kaminiów ◽  
Sylwia Kozak ◽  
Justyna Paprocka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Seizures are the most common neurological disorder in newborns and are most prevalent in the neonatal period. They are mostly caused by severe disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). However, they can also be a sign of the immaturity of the infant’s brain, which is characterized by the presence of specific factors that increase excitation and reduce inhibition. The most common disorders which result in acute brain damage and can manifest as seizures in neonates include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, infections of the CNS as well as electrolyte and biochemical disturbances. The therapeutic management of neonates and the prognosis are different depending on the etiology of the disorders that cause seizures which can lead to death or disability. Therefore, establishing a prompt diagnosis and implementing appropriate treatment are significant, as they can limit adverse long-term effects and improve outcomes. In this review paper, we present the latest reports on the etiology, pathomechanism, clinical symptoms and guidelines for the management of neonates with acute symptomatic seizures.

scholarly journals Neurological diseases caused by coronavirus infection of the respiratory airways

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-343
Author(s):  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Adeel Khan ◽  
Wish Hal Sundar ◽  
Humaira Naseem ◽  
Wanghao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Invasion Routes ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) infections are critical problems for public health. They are caused by several different organisms, including the respiratory coronaviruses (CoVs). CoVs usually infect the upper respiratory tract causing the common cold. However, in infants, and in elderly and immunocompromised persons, they can also affect the lower respiratory tract causing pneumonia and various syndromes of respiratory distress. CoVs also have neuroinvasive capabilities because they can spread from the respiratory tract to the CNS. Once infection begins in the CNS cells, it can cause various CNS problems such as status epilepticus, encephalitis, and long‐term neurological disease. This neuroinvasive properties of CoVs may damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune response, which could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus‐induced neuro‐immunopathology) or associated with viral replication directly causing damage to the CNS cells (virus‐induced neuropathology). In December 2019, a new disease named COVID‐19 emerged which is caused by CoVs. The significant clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 are related to the respiratory system, but they can also affect the CNS, causing acute cerebrovascular and intracranial infections. We describe the possible invasion routes of coronavirus in this review article, and look for the most recent findings associated with the neurological complications in the recently published literature.

Long-term outcome of surgical treatment of Chiari malformation without syringomyelia

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Giammattei ◽  
Mahmoud Messerer ◽  
Roy T. Daniel ◽  
Nozar Aghakhani ◽  
Fabrice Parker
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Herbal Medicine for Glioblastoma: Current and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1043
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Sadaf Mahfooz ◽  
Mustafa A. Hatiboglu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Immense Potential

Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and devastating tumours of the central nervous system with short survival time. Glioblastoma usually shows fast cell proliferation and invasion of normal brain tissue causing poor prognosis. The present standard of care in patients with glioblastoma includes surgery followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) based chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these approaches are not sufficient to lead a favorable prognosis and survival rates. As the current approaches do not provide a long-term benefit in those patients, new alternative treatments including natural compounds, have drawn attention. Due to their natural origin, they are associated with minimum cellular toxicity towards normal cells and it has become one of the most attractive approaches to treat tumours by natural compounds or phytochemicals. Objective: In the present review, the role of natural compounds or phytochemicals in the treatment of glioblastoma describing their efficacy on various aspects of glioblastoma pathophysiology such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cellular signaling pathways, chemoresistance and their role in combinatorial therapeutic approaches was described. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature was extracted using Pubmed, EMBASE Ovid and Google Scholar to be reviewed in the present article. Conclusion: Preclinical data available in the literature suggest that phytochemicals hold immense potential to be translated into treatment modalities. However, further clinical studies with conclusive results are required to implement phytochemicals in treatment modalities.

Long-term outcomes of surgical management in subtypes of Chiari malformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Recep Basaran ◽  
Caglar Bozdogan ◽  
Mehmet Senol ◽  
Dogan Gundogan ◽  
Nejat Isik
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes
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