Calcium absorption and bone density in immature horses fed two levels of crude protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
H.S. Spooner ◽  
G.D. Potter ◽  
P.G. Gibbs ◽  
E.M. Eller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Faecal Ph

Research in other animal models indicate that high protein diets increase urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and may lead to a negative Ca balance and reduced bone density. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of two common levels of dietary protein intake on physiological parameters, Ca absorption, and bone density in immature horses. Sixteen 10-month old horses were blocked by age and sex into two dietary treatments. The control diet (C) was formulated using common ingredients to provide 100% of the National Research Council (NRC) for crude protein (CP), while the high protein diet (H) was formulated at 150% of NRC recommendations. Lower than expected dietary intake resulted in mean protein intake of 769±16 g/d in C and 978±18 g/d in H, equivalent to 91% and 116% of NRC, respectively. Blood, urine, and faeces were collected during the 112-day study to determine pH and mineral balance. Radiographs of the left third metacarpal were used to estimate bone density via radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Although urine pH decreased over time (P<0.001), no change in blood or urine pH was observed due to diet. Faecal pH, normalised to day 0, was significantly lower in H (P<0.02). Faecal Ca loss was greater in H (P<0.005); while Ca absorption and absorption as a percent of intake were lower for H (P<0.02). RBAE of dorsal and palmar cortices increased over time (P<0.001), but no differences were observed between diets. While excess dietary protein decreased faecal pH, increased faecal Ca excretion, and decreased Ca absorption, there appeared to be no effect on bone density over the course of this study.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Protein on Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Gaffney-Stomberg ◽  
Ben-hua Sun ◽  
Carrie E. Cucchi ◽  
Christine A. Simpson ◽  
Caren Gundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Intestinal Ca Absorption

Increasing dietary protein intake in humans acutely increases urinary calcium. Isotopic absorption studies have indicated that, at least in the short term, this is primarily due to increased intestinal Ca absorption. To explore the mechanisms underlying dietary protein’s effect on intestinal Ca absorption, female Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control (20%), low (5%), or high (40%) protein diet for 7 d, and Ca balance was measured during d 4–7. On d 7, duodenal mucosa was harvested and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) were prepared to evaluate Ca uptake. By d 7, urinary calcium was more than 2-fold higher in the 40% protein group compared with control (4.2 mg/d vs. 1.7 mg/d; P &lt; 0.05). Rats consuming the 40% protein diet both absorbed and retained more Ca compared with the 5% protein group (absorption: 48.5% vs. 34.1% and retention: 45.8% vs. 33.7%, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Ca uptake was increased in BBMVs prepared from rats consuming the high-protein diet. Maximum velocity (Vmax) was higher in the BBMVs prepared from the high-protein group compared with those from the low-protein group (90 vs. 36 nmol Ca/mg protein · min, P &lt; 0.001; 95% CI: 46–2486 and 14–55, respectively). The Michaelis Menten constant (Km) was unchanged (2.2 mmvs. 1.8 mm, respectively; P = 0.19). We conclude that in rats, as in humans, acute increases in protein intake result in hypercalciuria due to augmented intestinal Ca absorption. BBMV Ca uptake studies suggest that higher protein intake improves Ca absorption, at least in part, by increasing transcellular Ca uptake.

scholarly journals Protein Intake at Twice the RDA in Older Men Increases Circulatory Concentrations of the Microbiome Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell ◽  
Milan ◽  
Mitchell ◽  
Gillies ◽  
D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Higher dietary protein intake is increasingly recommended for the elderly; however, high protein diets have also been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a bacterial metabolite derived from choline and carnitine abundant from animal protein-rich foods. TMAO may be a novel biomarker for heightened CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a high protein diet on TMAO. Healthy men (74.2 ± 3.6 years, n = 29) were randomised to consume the recommended dietary allowance of protein (RDA: 0.8 g protein/kg bodyweight/day) or twice the RDA (2RDA) as part of a supplied diet for 10 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention for measurement of TMAO, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory biomarkers. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed. In comparison with RDA, the 2RDA diet increased circulatory TMAO (p = 0.002) but unexpectedly decreased renal excretion of TMAO (p = 0.003). LDL cholesterol was increased in 2RDA compared to RDA (p = 0.049), but no differences in other biomarkers of CVD risk and insulin sensitivity were evident between groups. In conclusion, circulatory TMAO is responsive to changes in dietary protein intake in older healthy males.

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
K. L. Wolf ◽  
J. Wilkinson ◽  
L. G. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Liver Vitamin

SUMMARYGestating female pigs received either a low or a high intake per day of diets containing either a low or high protein concentration. A change in the composition of both diets occurred after 2 years, when the protein quality of the high protein diet was improved and the energy content of both diets was increased. Vitamin A determinations were carried out on 245 piglet livers and 32 pairs of kidneys and lungs at birth from 47 sows. The livers, kidneys and lungs of 16 sows were also analysed for vitamin A after approximately 4 years on experiment. Vitamin A was detected at birth with antimony trichloride in the liver of the piglet, but not in the kidney or lung. The sow's kidney was found to contain only small amounts and lung tissue only traces.A dietary vitamin A level of 4800 i.u./kg during the breeding life of healthy sows, or 8600 i.u./day during gestation, was adequate from the point of view of both a constant storage in piglet livers at birth over eight to ten parities and a relatively high concentration remaining in sow livers after that period. This conclusion is in line with recommendations of the Agricultural Research Council (1966).As a consequence of differences in both the condition of the sows and in their responses in the two periods, the results for each period are presented separately. In the first 2-year period, when the sows received a relatively low intake of dietary protein during gestation (between 248 and 317 g protein/sow/day), and a low energy intake; that is, when protein was used for energy production, the liver vitamin A storage of the piglet at birth was increased by raising either the daily protein intake during gestation to 352 g, or the food intake from 1·8 to 2·3 kg/sow/day. Liver vitamin A and N concentrations were negatively correlated with liver weight, but increasing dietary protein concentration raised liver weight and its vitamin A content. Liver vitamin A per piglet was not affected by litter size.A conclusion may not be drawn concerning the contribution of dietary energy to the differences in response between periods, because in addition to dietary changes other differences occurred between periods. Nevertheless, in the second 2-year period, when energy intake during gestation was adequate for normal growth and development, a difference of 150 g in protein intake/sow/day (363 g against 208 g) had no effect on liver weight or its vitamin A content. Furthermore, there was no significant treatment effect on total protein or albumin concentrations in the serum of the sow.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary protein and glycaemic index on biomarkers of bone turnover in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Martha Müller ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽  
Angeliki Papadaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Dietary Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low Protein

For decades, it has been debated whether high protein intake compromises bone mineralisation, but no long-term randomised trial has investigated this in children. In the family-based, randomised controlled trial DiOGenes (Diet, Obesity and Genes), we examined the effects of dietary protein and glycaemic index (GI) on biomarkers of bone turnover and height in children aged 5–18 years. In two study centres, families with overweight parents were randomly assigned to one of five ad libitum-energy, low-fat (25–30 % energy (E%)) diets for 6 months: low protein/low GI; low protein/high GI; high protein/low GI; high protein/high GI; control. They received dietary instructions and were provided all foods for free. Children, who were eligible and willing to participate, were included in the study. In the present analyses, we included children with data on plasma osteocalcin or urinary N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (U-NTx) from baseline and at least one later visit (month 1 or month 6) (n 191 in total, n 67 with data on osteocalcin and n 180 with data on U-NTx). The level of osteocalcin was lower (29·1 ng/ml) in the high-protein/high-GI dietary group than in the low-protein/high-GI dietary group after 6 months of intervention (95 % CI 2·2, 56·1 ng/ml, P= 0·034). The dietary intervention did not affect U-NTx (P= 0·96) or height (P= 0·80). Baseline levels of U-NTx and osteocalcin correlated with changes in height at month 6 across the dietary groups (P< 0·001 and P= 0·001, respectively). The present study does not show any effect of increased protein intake on height or bone resorption in children. However, the difference in the change in the level of osteocalcin between the high-protein/high-GI group and the low-protein/high-GI group warrants further investigation and should be confirmed in other studies.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Intake Level Modulates Mucosal Healing and Mucosa-Adherent Microbiota in Mouse Model of Colitis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Vidal-Lletjós ◽  
Mireille Andriamihaja ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Marta Grauso ◽  
Patricia Lepage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Epithelial Repair ◽  
The Impact

Mucosal healing after an inflammatory flare is associated with lasting clinical remission. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of the amount of dietary protein on epithelial repair after an acute inflammatory episode. C57BL/6 DSS-treated mice received isocaloric diets with different levels of dietary protein: 14% (P14), 30% (P30) and 53% (P53) for 3 (day 10), 6 (day 13) and 21 (day 28) days after the time of colitis maximal intensity. While the P53 diet worsened the DSS- induced inflammation both in intensity and duration, the P30 diet, when compared to the P14 diet, showed a beneficial effect during the epithelial repair process by accelerating inflammation resolution, reducing colonic permeability and increasing epithelial repair together with epithelial hyperproliferation. Dietary protein intake also impacted mucosa-adherent microbiota composition after inflammation since P30 fed mice showed increased colonization of butyrate-producing genera throughout the resolution phase. This study revealed that in our colitis model, the amount of protein in the diet modulated mucosal healing, with beneficial effects of a moderately high-protein diet, while very high-protein diet displayed deleterious effects on this process.

High protein intake stimulates glomerular prostaglandin formation in remnant kidneys

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (6) ◽  
pp. F1088-F1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Stahl ◽  
S. Kudelka ◽  
U. Helmchen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
High Protein Intake ◽  
Low Protein

Reduction of renal mass in the rat results in an increased glomerular prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX) formation that modulates renal hemodynamics. To evaluate whether dietary protein intake could exert effects on renal PG and TX formation after reduction of approximately 70% of renal mass, rats with remnant kidneys were placed on either a high-protein (HP) or a low-protein (LP) diet. After 2 wk on the diet, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary PGE2 excretion, and glomerular PGE2, 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and TxB2 biosynthesis were significantly greater in the rats on HP diets. Two-wk administration of the thromboxane synthesis inhibitor UK 38485 reduced renal TxB2 formation by approximately 70%. In addition, chronic UK 38485 treatment significantly inhibited papillary PGE2 production. Neither chronic nor bolus administration of UK 38485 had an effect on proteinuria or GFR in rats on HP diets. Chronic UK 38485 treatment, however, reduced GFR and proteinuria in rats on LP diets. The bolus administration of UK 38485 did not alter GFR in animals receiving a LP diet. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin reduced GFR only in rats on HP diets. The data demonstrate that HP intake stimulates renal prostanoid formation. The increased prostaglandin formation on HP intake modulates GFR in these rats.

RAPESEED, PEANUT AND SOYBEAN MEALS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS: PLASMA UREA CONCENTRATIONS OF PIGS ON DIFFERENT FEED INTAKES AS INDICES OF DIETARY PROTEIN QUALITY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Plasma Urea Concentration ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Plasma urea measurements were taken in an experiment designed to compare rapeseed (RSM), peanut (PNM) and soybean meals (SBM) as protein supplements for growing pigs (5–15 wk of age, 7.0–26.7 kg liveweight). Eight diets were formulated to meet National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council (1973) requirements of 10–20 kg pigs for crude protein and digestible energy. After 8–9 wk on test and following 24 h starvation, plasma urea concentrations of individual pigs were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 h postprandial, the 0 h measurements being those taken just before refeeding. Plasma volumes of individual pigs were predicted from an equation. From these volumes and plasma urea concentrations, the increase in plasma urea output was expressed as a percentage of nitrogen (N) ingested on the morning of blood sampling (U/N%) for postprandial intervals of 0–3 h, 0–7 h and 4–7 h. Plasma urea concentration showed no consistent inverse relationship to dietary protein quality. However, U/N% for the period 0–7 h postprandial ranked diets in the same order as average daily liveweight gain. Under conditions of varied feed intake this procedure of relating the increase in plasma urea output to grams N ingested (%) offers a possible method for evaluating protein supplements.

scholarly journals Dietary protein intake is an independent and dose‐dependent regulator of hepatic anabolism in rats fed high protein diets

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Chevalier ◽  
Cécile Bos ◽  
Dalila Azzout‐Marniche ◽  
Gilles Fromentin ◽  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals Foetal Wastage In Abattoirs And Its Implications: Situation Report From Ogun State, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
M. A. Oyekunle ◽  
O. O Olubanjo ◽  
O. E. Fasina
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the magnitude and implications of foetal wastage resulting from the slaughtering of pregnant cows in Lafenwa - Abeokuta and Ijebu-Igbo abattoirs in Ogun State between 1984 and 1989. Results show that one foetus is wasted for every 8 cattle slaughtered in the abattoirs. This has the grave effects of reducing over time the herd size and revenue of owners, the access of most Nigerians to a nutritive source of dietary protein and therefore the ability to attain the internationally recommended protein intake level per caput per day.

The digestion of two diets of differing protein content but with similar capacities to sustain wool growth

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Hogan ◽  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth

Measurements were made of the digestion in sheep of two diets of differing protein content but known to support similar levels of wool growth. When offered to the sheep at 500 g/day, the high protein (HP) diet provided 13.8 g nitrogen (N), while the low protein (LP) diet provided 5.5 g. With the HP diet, approximately 8.8 g N in forms other than ammonia passed daily through the pylorus; 6.8 g of this N was apparently digested in the intestines. The corresponding values for the LP diet were 8.1 and 6.2. The similarity in wool growth recorded with these diets, despite large differences in dietary protein intake, is consistent with the hypothesis that wool growth is limited by the quantity of amino acid N absorbed from the alimentary tract. The stomach was the site of 72–73 % of the organic matter digestion and more than 90% of the cellulose digestion that occurred in the whole alimentary tract. In addition, approximately 90% of the dietary soluble carbohydrate was apparently digested in the stomach. It was calculated, by making several assumptions, that the quantity of microbial crude protein synthesized in the rumen did not exceed 44–49 g/day, equivalent to 15–16 g/100 g organic matter digested in the rumen. The implications of this calculation in the protein nutrition of ruminants are discussed. The retention time of a soluble marker in the rumen was 15–18 hr, and rates of flow of digesta from the rumen and abomasum were comparatively low.

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