scholarly journals Finnish consumers’ intentions to consume insect-based foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Vartiainen ◽  
A-L. Elorinne ◽  
M. Niva ◽  
P. Väisänen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Intentions To Change

Introducing and increasing the use of insect-based foods as an alternative source of protein has recently aroused academic and commercial interest in Europe. In this research, we examined Finnish consumers’ intentions to consume insect-based foods in the near future. As a theoretical background we used Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB), where individuals’ intentions to change their behaviour are affected by their attitude (A), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioural control (PBC). The data was obtained by using an online questionnaire and convenience sampling. For measuring TPB-components a self-administered 58-item Likert-type questionnaire was used. Food neophobia (FN) was measured by using the food neophobia scale. Respondents’ (n=564) intentions to consume insect-based foods were explained significantly (80%) by their A (β=0.749, P<0.001), SN (β=0.133, P<0.001), and PBC (β=-0.070, P<0.001), and gender (β=0.040, P<0.033). Food neophobia was negatively correlated with the intention to consume insect-based foods, ρ=-0.501, P<0.001. We found that women, students, those under 25 years of age, those living in rural areas and those who had no earlier experience of eating insects had less intention to consume insect-based foods. Based on the respondents’ perceptions of conditions for the consumption of insect-based foods, three clusters of consumers were identified; ‘likely consumers’ (44%), ‘potential consumers’ (39%) and ‘unlikely consumers’ (17%). Based on the findings, reasonable price and convenience are most important issues to potential consumers of insect-based foods.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AMONG THE RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Government

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.

Entrepreneurship, Broadband, and Gender: Evidence from Establishment Births in Rural America

2021 ◽  
pp. 016001762110187
Author(s):  
Tessa Conroy ◽  
Sarah A. Low
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Broadband Access ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Business Size ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Broadband access may have important implications for establishment births in rural areas, which feature thinner markets. Broadband may be especially important for rural nonemployer businesses, particularly those without a storefront, for access to nontraditional market channels. As women are more likely to run these types of small businesses, we further expect that broadband may have important implications for women-led businesses. With an effective instrumental variable approach, we find evidence that broadband access is a key factor leading to a higher establishment birth rate across business size and gender in rural areas. This paper identifies the largest effects on nonemployer, women-led and remote rural establishments.

scholarly journals Predictors of Parental Contentment with the Amount of Encouraging Digital Feedback from Teachers in Finnish Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Anne-Mari Kuusimäki ◽  
Lotta Uusitalo ◽  
Kirsi Tirri
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
School Communication ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The Finnish National curriculum obligates teachers to give parents encouraging feedback about their children’s learning and development, the aim being to build a constructive relationship between homes and schools and to encourage close collaboration among all parties. Teachers in Finland nowadays use digital platforms that allow effective online communication. The frequency and quality of such communication vary a great deal. In particular, there seems to be a lack of clarity concerning the amount of encouraging feedback delivered in this way. The focus in this paper is on the extent to which Finnish parents (N = 1117) in both urban and rural areas are content with the amount of such feedback. We carried out a logistic regression analysis to predict parental contentment with the amount of encouraging messaging, with the pupil’s grade level, parental attitudes to digital communication, as well as parental educational level and gender as independent variables. In sum, parents who were less highly educated, with a neutral-to-positive attitude to digital communication and with a child in lower secondary school were most likely to be content with the amount of communication. These results have both research and practical implications in terms of enhancing the understanding of how best to deliver encouraging digital feedback between homes and schools. Furthermore, it seems that teacher education should focus on communicative competence early on. The current study completes our three-part series of studies on digital home–school communication in Finland.

Understanding Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babette Hellemans
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This pioneering textbook explores the theoretical background of cultural variety, both in past and present. How is it possible to study 'culture' when the topic covers the arts, literature, movies, history, sociology, anthropology and gender studies? Understanding Culture examines the evolution of a concept with varying meanings depending on changing norms. Offering a long-duration analysis of the relationship between culture and nature, this book looks at the origins of studying culture from an international perspective. Using examples from the several scholarly traditions in the practice of studying culture, Understanding Culture is a key introduction to the area. It identifies the history of interpreting culture as a meeting point between the long-standing historical investigation of 'humanism' and 'postmodernism' and is a comprehensive resource for those who wish to further their engagement with culture as both a historical and contemporary phenomenon.

Insects used as foodstuff by indigenous groups in Morelos, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
H. Reyes-Prado ◽  
J.M. Pino Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The State ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Entomological Research

Anthropo-entomophagy has been practiced since pre-Hispanic times and today it is still preserved in certain places in Mexico. In addition, indigenous societies recognise the importance of insect consumption as an alternative source to conventional animal protein. In the state of Morelos, for example, insects are a significant part of the traditional diet of the inhabitants of rural areas. Nevertheless, no systematic research has been done to recognise the insect species used nor the aspects related to anthropo-entomophagy. This is the reason why this ethno-entomological research about edible insects was conducted. In this study, there is a report about 61 species of edible insects that are consumed in their different developmental stages in the state of Morelos. Grasshoppers (= chapulines) (Orthoptera) and bugs (= jumiles) (Hemiptera) stand out for their abundance and high degree of acceptance. The ways in which they are prepared and preserved range from rudimentary to highly elaborated, and some date from Mexican pre-Hispanic times.

scholarly journals Equity implications of rice fortification: a modelling study from Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2824-2839
Author(s):  
Naomi M Saville ◽  
Macharaja Maharjan ◽  
Dharma S Manandhar ◽  
Helen A Harris-Fry
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjective:To model the potential impact and equity impact of fortifying rice on nutritional adequacy of different subpopulations in Nepal.Design:Using 24-h dietary recall data and a household consumption survey, we estimated: rice intakes; probability of adequacy (PA) of eight micronutrients commonly fortified in rice (vitamin A, niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12), thiamin (B1), folate (B9), Fe and Zn) plus riboflavin (B2), vitamin C and Ca and mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of these micronutrients. We modelled: no fortification; fortification of purchased rice, averaged across all households and in rice-buying households only. We compared adequacy increases between population subgroups.Setting:(i) Dhanusha and Mahottari districts of Nepal (24-h recall) and (ii) all agro-ecological zones of Nepal (consumption data).Participants:(i) Pregnant women (n 128), mothers-in-law and male household heads; (ii) households (n 4360).Results:Unfortified diets were especially inadequate in vitamins B12, A, B9, Zn and Fe. Fortification of purchased rice in rice-purchasing households increased PA > 0·9 for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and Zn, but B12 and Fe remained inadequate even after fortification (PA range 0·3–0·9). Pregnant women’s increases exceeded men’s for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and MPA; men had larger gains in vitamin A, B12 and Zn. Adequacy improved more in the hills (coefficient 0·08 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·10)) and mountains (coefficient 0·07 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·14)) but less in rural areas (coefficient −0·05 (95 % CI −0·09, −0·01)).Conclusions:Consumption of purchased fortified rice improves adequacy and gender equity of nutrient intake, especially in non-rice-growing areas.

scholarly journals Application of theory of planned behaviour in purchasing intention and consumption of Halal food

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mei Soon ◽  
Carol Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Purchasing Intention

Purpose Food businesses provide Halal food to cater to the dietary requirements of Muslims, especially in communities with a growing number of the ethnic minority and at public institutions such as higher education establishments. A large and growing body of literature has investigated the purchasing and consumption behaviour of Halal food, and there are also studies that revealed consumers who do not support Halal food products on the grounds of animal welfare where animals were slaughtered without stunning. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of purchasing intention of Halal food products and perceptions of animal welfare among Muslims and non-Muslim consumers of a public higher education institution. Design/methodology/approach An online questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic profiles and importance of Halal food. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency of distribution of all sociodemographic characteristics. Multiple regression analyses were used to describe the theory of planned behaviour relationship and purchasing intention. Findings The regression model for all the respondents explained about 73 per cent of the variance of the intent to purchase Halal foods where R2 = 0.724 (adjusted R2 = 0.72). This was significantly different from zero F(3, 185) = 162.130, p < 0.001. Both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers’ attitudes were significant predictors of their purchasing intention of Halal foods (β = 0.87, p < 0.001). The implications of subjective norms and perceived behavioural control and the lack of influence from these predictors are discussed. Originality/value This study revealed that both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers agreed on the importance of animal welfare, but there exist differences in perceptions of animal welfare in Halal meat production. This research is of value to those working in regulatory and food service settings in understanding the differences and needs of consumers, and it contributes to a better understanding of the customers within a university setting.

Consumer digital piracy behaviour among youths: insights from Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denni Arli ◽  
Fandy Tjiptono
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Private University ◽  
Public University ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Deterrence Theory ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Legal Consequences

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of consumers’ attitude towards, and intention to commit, digital piracy in Indonesia, a country with the world’s fourth largest population and one of the highest digital piracy rates. This study explored the effects of six variables derived from the theory of planned behaviour, ethics theory, and deterrence theory on young consumers in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach Using a convenience sampling approach, researchers hand delivered 400 questionnaires to undergraduate students at one large private university and one major public university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Findings The results showed that consumers’ intention to pirate digital products was strongly influenced by consumers’ attitude towards digital piracy. Interestingly, fear of legal consequences and perceived likelihood of punishment were not significant predictors of consumers’ attitude towards digital piracy. This suggests that the principles of deterrence theory have a limited impact on consumers’ attitudes in Indonesia. Originality/value The results of this study will provide some insights to government and digital industries on how to reduce the prevalence of digital piracy.

scholarly journals Study of Working Experience in Remote Rural Areas after Medical Graduation

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
KR Thapa ◽  
BK Shrestha ◽  
MD Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
A Priority

Background Posting of doctors in remote rural areas has always been a priority for Government; however data are scarce in the country about experience of doctors of working in remote areas after medical graduation.Objective A questionnaire survey of doctors was planned to analyze their experience of working after graduation in remote rural areas in various parts of the country.Method The cross-sectional survey was done by convenience sampling method. A one-page questionnaire with one partially closed-end and five open-end type questions was distributed to the doctors who had worked in remote rural areas after graduation under various governments’ postings.Result Two-third of participants had their home in urban areas and 89.8% had stayed for 1 to 5 years. About half of the participants had difficulty in getting the posting in the remote areas of their choice. Most participants indicated provision of opportunities for Residential (postgraduate) Training as their reasons of going to remote areas as well as their suggestions to encourage young graduates to go there. Similarly most also suggested appropriate career, salary and incentives to encourage doctors to go to work in remote areas. About 85% of participants pointed out the major problem faced while posted in remote areas as difficulty in handling varied situations with no guidance or seniors available around.Conclusion The notable points indicated by the participants are centered on the opportunity for Residential Training and difficulties faced without such training. Residential Training is a priority to be considered while planning the health policy for optimum health care of people.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 121-125

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Consumer Profile of Hunting Tourism and Trophy Hunting from Tradition to Protected Areas: Study Case on Romania and Spain

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Flavia Dana Oltean ◽  
Manuela Rozalia Gabor
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
Traditional Activity ◽  
Commercial Hunting

Hunting has major importance from many perspectives: As a product of leisure and recreation, as a tool for conservation and wildlife management, as the main economic activity in rural areas, or as a cultural heritage and traditional activity for countries around the world, especially for countries in Europe and Africa. Therefore, this research fills a gap in the literature and offers a cross-cultural opinion and perceptions of 198 hunters from Romania and Spain. The aim of the paper is to analyze the perceptions and opinions of hunters regarding hunting tourism through an online self-administrated questionnaire by convenience sampling using hunters associations from these countries. Among the values that identify hunting as an activity, hunters highlight the human values (friendship, company, ethics), ecological values (love of nature associated with hunting as a tool to understand and enjoy the natural environment), and social values (resources generated, hobby, effort). The respondents can self-criticize some components and aspects of hunting groups. Hunters believe that the future of this sector is moving towards commercial hunting, associated with purchasing power to ensure results. Regardless of the nationality of the hunters, their values related to this sector are similar.

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