Factors for potential turnover of doctors

Background. The need to attract doctors in scarce specialties and preserve the core of experienced specialists makes the study of the potential of voluntary labor mobility urgent. A search for ways to improve the quality of medical personnel in health care needs an extension in understanding main motives for the turnover of doctors in order to ensure their social safety. Purpose. The aim of the paper is to identify the scale of the potential turnover of medical personnel and the reasons influencing doctors' intentions to change their jobs. Materials and methods. The concept of decent work adapted to the health sector was used as a theoretical basis for the study. Methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of sociological data became the methodological basis. The empirical basis of the analysis was the materials of a sample questionnaire survey of medical personnel in Moscow health care. Results. A comprehensive analysis of the potential turnover of doctors was carried out in four areas of their social safety, specifically, guarantees of stable employment; normal working conditions and working hours; decent and regular wages and availability of professional development opportunities. Discussion. The key features of medical personnel, influencing the propensity to change jobs, have been analyzed. The characteristics of the workplace, which contribute to the plans for finding a more suitable place of work, have been identified. Their importance in the decision to change jobs has been ranked. Conclusion. Scientific prerequisites for normalizing the problems of the turnover of doctors and improving quality medical staff were formulated.

Information Safety Assurances Increase Intentions to Use COVID-19 Contact Tracing Applications, Regardless of Autonomy-Supportive or Controlling Message Framing

Promoting the use of contact tracing technology will be an important step in global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Across two studies, we assessed two messaging strategies as motivators of intended contact tracing uptake. In one sample of 1117 Australian adults and one sample of 888 American adults, we examined autonomy-supportive and controlling message framing and the presence or absence of information safety as predictors of intended contact tracing application uptake, using an online randomized 2 × 2 experimental design. The results suggested that the provision of data safety assurances may be key in affecting people’s intentions to use contact tracing technology, an effect we found in both samples regardless of whether messages were framed as autonomy-supportive or controlling. Those in high information safety conditions consistently reported higher intended uptake and more positive perceptions of the application than those in low information safety conditions. In Study 2, we also found that perceptions of government legitimacy related positively to intended application uptake, as did political affiliation. In sum, individuals appeared more willing to assent to authority regarding contact tracing insofar as their data safety can be assured. Yet, public messaging strategies alone may be insufficient to initiate intentions to change behavior, even in these unprecedented circumstances.

International Cooperation Between Ukraine and Latvia in the Area of Justice (Executive Branch of Power)

Implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union has opened additional opportunities for establishing bilateral cooperation between bodies, institutions and organisations in the field of justice. The article examines the structure and management system of the Ministries of Justice of Ukraine and Latvia. In the course of a detailed analysis of the institutional structure and functional purpose, it was established that the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Latvia have similar activities and management systems, typical for many European countries. Ukraine’s European integration aspirations, reflected in its commitments under the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other, demonstrate Ukraine’s serious intentions to change its approach to justice. It is established that in the direction of the development of cooperation in the field of justice between Ukraine and Latvia fruitful cooperation is established, which is reflected in the Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Latvia.

Musical coordination in a large group without plans nor leaders

A widespread belief is that large groups engaged in joint actions that require a high level of flexibility are unable to coordinate without the introduction of additional resources such as shared plans or hierarchical organizations. Here, we put this belief to a test, by empirically investigating coordination within a large group of 16 musicians performing collective free improvisation—a genre in which improvisers aim at creating music that is as complex and unprecedented as possible without relying on shared plans or on an external conductor. We show that musicians freely improvising within a large ensemble can achieve significant levels of coordination, both at the level of their musical actions (i.e., their individual decisions to play or to stop playing) and at the level of their directional intentions (i.e., their intentions to change or to support the music produced by the group). Taken together, these results invite us to reconsider the range and scope of actions achievable by large groups, and to explore alternative organizational models that emphasize decentralized and unscripted forms of collective behavior.

Finnish consumers’ intentions to consume insect-based foods

Introducing and increasing the use of insect-based foods as an alternative source of protein has recently aroused academic and commercial interest in Europe. In this research, we examined Finnish consumers’ intentions to consume insect-based foods in the near future. As a theoretical background we used Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB), where individuals’ intentions to change their behaviour are affected by their attitude (A), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioural control (PBC). The data was obtained by using an online questionnaire and convenience sampling. For measuring TPB-components a self-administered 58-item Likert-type questionnaire was used. Food neophobia (FN) was measured by using the food neophobia scale. Respondents’ (n=564) intentions to consume insect-based foods were explained significantly (80%) by their A (β=0.749, P<0.001), SN (β=0.133, P<0.001), and PBC (β=-0.070, P<0.001), and gender (β=0.040, P<0.033). Food neophobia was negatively correlated with the intention to consume insect-based foods, ρ=-0.501, P<0.001. We found that women, students, those under 25 years of age, those living in rural areas and those who had no earlier experience of eating insects had less intention to consume insect-based foods. Based on the respondents’ perceptions of conditions for the consumption of insect-based foods, three clusters of consumers were identified; ‘likely consumers’ (44%), ‘potential consumers’ (39%) and ‘unlikely consumers’ (17%). Based on the findings, reasonable price and convenience are most important issues to potential consumers of insect-based foods.

Information safety assurances affect intentions to use COVID-19 contact tracing applications, regardless of autonomy-supportive or controlling message framing

Promoting the use of contact tracing technology will be an important step in global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Across two studies, we assess two messaging strategies as motivators of intended contact tracing uptake. In one sample of 1117 Australian adults (Mage=50.17, SDage=17.46) and one sample of 888 American adults (Mage=46.09, SDage=17.00), we examined autonomy-supportive and controlling message framing and the presence or absence of information safety as predictors of intended contact tracing application uptake. Using an online randomized 2 x 2 experimental design, we found that message framing had no effect on intended uptake in Study 1. However, in Study 2, and counter to expectations, we found that participants in the controlling message framing conditions had higher intentions to download and use the application. Across both studies, we also found main effects for information safety. Those in high information safety conditions consistently reported higher intended uptake and more positive perceptions of the application, than those in low information safety conditions, regardless of message framing. In Study 2, we also found that perceptions of the government as legitimate related positively to intended application uptake, as did political affiliation. In sum, individuals appeared more willing to assent to authority regarding contact tracing insofar as their data safety can be assured. Yet, public messaging strategies alone may be insufficient to initiate intentions to change behavior, even in these unprecedented circumstances.

To Blame? The Effects of Moralized Feedback on Implicit Racial Bias

Implicit bias training (IBT) is now frequently provided by employers, in order to raise awareness of the problems related to implicit biases, and of how to safeguard against discrimination that may result. However, as Atewologun et al. (2018) have noted, there is very little systematicity in IBT, and there are many unknowns about what constitutes good IBT. One important issue concerns the tone of information provided regarding implicit bias. This paper engages this question, focusing in particular on the observation that much bias training is delivered in exculpatory tone, emphasising that individuals are not to blame for possessing implicit biases. Normative guidance around IBT exhorts practitioners to adopt this strategy (Moss-Racusin et al. 2014). However, existing evidence about the effects of moralized feedback about implicit bias is equivocal (Legault et al. 2011; Czopp et al. 2006). Through a series of studies, culminating in an experiment with a pre-registered analysis plan, we develop a paradigm for evaluating the impact of moralized feedback on participants’ implicit racial bias scores. We also conducted exploratory analyses of the impact on their moods, and behavioural intentions. Our results indicated that an exculpatory tone, rather than a blaming or neutral tone, did not make participants less resistant to changing their attitudes and behaviours. In fact, participants in the blame condition had significantly stronger explicit intentions to change future behaviour than those in the ‘no feedback’ condition (see experiment 3). These results indicate that considerations of efficacy do not support the need for implicit bias feedback to be exculpatory. We tease out the implications of these findings, and directions for future research.

Motivating Sustainable Change in Tourism Behavior: The First- and Third-Person Effects of Hard and Soft Messages

Educating and changing consumers´ attitudes towards sustainable and more environmentally friendly holiday choices is often seen as a key challenge for the tourism industry. The primary objective of this study is, therefore, to increase our understanding of psychological mechanisms underlying consumers’ responses to communication that aims to alter their holiday behavior in a more sustainable direction. Drawing on reactance theory, as well as first- and third-person perception effects, we present an experimental study designed to test how different levels of message assertiveness (i.e., hard versus soft pressure) affect consumers’ intentions to change their traveling behavior. The results suggest that when respondents are presented with a socially desirable message, their individual intentions to change one’s holiday plans are affected to a greater extent compared to their perception of how others would react to such cuing. Furthermore, this first-person effect is most prominent under lower levels of message assertiveness, and when conveyed messages address socially desirable behavior in line with one’s current values. Hard pressure messages loaded with highly assertive prompts, on the other hand, are likely to evoke motivational reactance, especially when a consumer holds a weaker attitude towards sustainability and environmental issues. Practical and theoretical implications of the provided findings as well as avenues for future research are discussed.