Bioaccumulation of deltamethrin, tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride in T. molitor larvae and risks associated with their human consumption

Edible insects are generally reared on agricultural product-based diets. These feeding substrates may contain pesticides or toxins that are derived from field practices for plant growth and defence and that may represent a health risk to insect consumers. The present study investigated Tenebrio molitor capability to uptake from contaminated substrates three chemical compounds that are employed in agricultural practices: the insecticide deltamethrin (DELTA), the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) and the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride (CCC), all with different properties of lipophilicity and potentially harmful for human and animal health. Newly optimised and validated LC-MS/MS methods have been used for the quantification of pesticide residues in larvae samples. Analysis showed that DELTA and TEB are retained by larvae, even after 24 h of fasting, due to their lipophilicity. Larvae fasting period allowed the elimination of 47% of DELTA residues and 78% of TEB ones. Diversely, CCC, the most hydrophilic chemical compound, was completely eliminated after the fasting. The toxicity of pesticides to larvae has been also investigated. The highest mortality of T. molitor larvae (close to 50%) was recorded for the insecticide DELTA, at the dose of 20 mg/kg and for CCC (15%) at the concentration of 4 mg/kg. The safety of insects as food and feed represents an important section in the field of the control of food of animal origin and animal health. Nevertheless, to date, this aspect is not yet completely determined due to the lack of scientific data in this area. By assessing the accumulation rate of some chemicals in reared insects and by evaluating the toxic effects that chemicals may have on larvae, this study could contribute to filling this gap.

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Knowledge and practice of cattle handlers on antibiotic residues in meat and milk in Kwara State, Northcentral Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0257249

Author(s):

Mary Idowu Olasoju ◽

Taiwo Israel Olasoju ◽

Oluwawemimo Oluseun Adebowale ◽

Victoria Olusola Adetunji

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Antibiotic Residues ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Knowledge ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Objectives Antibiotics are important for improving animal health and production. However, the deposition of its residues in food of animal origin intended for human consumption at non-permissible levels has generated global health concern and the need to tackle this using the “One Health Approach”. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of 286 cattle handlers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods A web-based cross sectional online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted from November to December, 2019. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at 95% confidence interval to determine predictors of good knowledge and practices towards Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Milk among cattle handlers. Results This study revealed that majority (52.7% n = 165/286) of the cattle handlers were not aware of antibiotic residues. Knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic residues were generally poor among the study population; 36.7% and 35.5% had satisfactory knowledge and practice respectively. The age (p = 0.026), gender (p = 0.006) and business duration (p = 0.001) of participants were significantly associated with their knowledge of antimicrobial residues. The effect of education on knowledge was modified by age. The odds of having poor knowledge on antibiotic residues increased 4 times among participants who were ≤40 years old than those above 40 years (Stratum Specific OR = 3.65; CI = 1.2, 11.1; p = 0.026). Knowledge levels of participants were statistically associated with their practice levels p<0.05 (OR = 2.43; CI = 1.45. 4.06; p = 0.0006). Conclusion This implies that poor knowledge is a risk factor to having poor practice among cattle handlers. Deliberate efforts towards educating cattle farmers on best farm practices in antibiotic use would prevent antibiotic residues in meat and milk. Also, an effective surveillance system for monitoring the use of veterinary drugs in Kwara State, Nigeria is crucial.

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Evaluation of Meat Used for Human Consumption in Latvia

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-012-0001-4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

Aleksandrs Jemeļjanovs ◽

Inese Zītare ◽

Ināra Helēna Konošonoka ◽

Vera Krastiņa ◽

Lîga Proškina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Consumption ◽

Production Costs ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Beef Breed ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Cattle Herds

Over the last decade in Latvia, the production levels of beef, pork and poultry meat have been dramatically reduced. The yearly meat consumption per capita in Latvia is about 60 kg. Traditionally, pig meat consumption is higher than consumption of bovine meat, which has higher production costs. Lower priced meat from European countries is imported and placed on the market in Latvia. The Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra”, Latvia, LUA, performs important research on meat quality and acquisition of safe and healthy food of animal origin. Cattle herds of meat breed are highly varied both from the aspect of animals and the quality of the sold meat produce. In meat of bovine animals, the settling of cholesterol on the blood vessel walls is precluded by 5.4-8.13% ω-3 and 12.97-16.27% ω-6 on average. The meat of the beef breed cattle contains wholesome proportions of proteins, fatty acids in quantities sufficient for humans, a relatively low cholesterol level (about 77 mg%) and good qualities of the culinary flavours and aromas. There are on-going research studies on the quality of meat of different pig breeds and their influencing factors, as well as on acquisition of meet in accordance with the consumer requirements. Extensive research is carried out also on the quality of broiler meat, with the target of acquisition of new quality meat. Assessment of the role of game meat in human consumption and the hygiene aspects of its acquisition are also included. Due to the development of heliculture in Latvia, the assessment of snail meat and its role in human consumption has also been launched.

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Pumpkin Waste as Livestock Feed: Impact on Nutrition and Animal Health and on Quality of Meat, Milk, and Egg

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9100769 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 769 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Valdez-Arjona ◽

Ramírez-Mella

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Health ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Feeding Costs

Meat, milk, and egg contribute positively to the nutrition and health of humans; however, livestock requires a large number of resources, including land for fodder and grains. Worldwide millions of tons of vegetable waste are produced without any further processing, causing pollution and health risks. Properly managed vegetable waste could provide a source of feed for livestock, thus reducing feeding costs. In this regard, pumpkin waste (Cucurbita sp.) is an alternative. Research on pumpkin waste on animal nutrition is scarce, however, it has potential as animal feed not only for its nutritional value but also for its antioxidants, pigments, and polysaccharides content that could enhance quality of meat, milk, and egg, as well animal health. In this review, we describe the environmental impact of livestock as a result of greater demand for food of animal origin, including the importance of the consumption of animal foods in human nutrition and health. Moreover, we emphasize the potential of plant residues and, particularly, on the characteristics of pumpkins and how their use as feedstuff for livestock could improve productivity and modify the composition of meat, milk, and egg.

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Nitrofurans' residues in food of animal origin

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1104215s ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (3-4) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Smajlovic ◽

Indira Mujezinovic ◽

Vitomir Cupic ◽

Mehmed Muminovic

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Veterinary Drugs ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

The European Union ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Official Gazette ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Nitrofuran Antibiotics

Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antimicobial agents that are often used in commercial animal production because of their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. However, nitrofurans and their metabolites have been shown to have potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics which has led to a ban on the use of nitrofurans in preventive and therapeutic treatment of animals used for food production. Metabolites of nitrofurans that can be determined after their application are: a metabolite of furazolidone, furaltadone metabolite, a metabolite of nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone metabolite. The presence of residues of nitrofuran antibiotics in meat, fish and shrimps, and milk and eggs originating from countries outside the European Union is monitored and recorded by the RASFF system of the European Union. Furthermore, since nitrofurans are used in some countries as prophylactic agents and growth promoters, it is necessary to carry out constant control of various types of food of animal origin, in order to reduce to the minimum potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of these supstances for the health of consumers. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is no permanent control of nitrofurans in food of animal origin. The provisions of the ?Regulation on the maximum allowable amounts of veterinary drugs and pesticides in products of animal origin", published in the Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina state the prohibiting of the use of certain veterinary drugs in animals intended for human consumption, including nitrofurans. The European Union has established the minimum required limit (MRLP) for performance which is 1 ?g/kg of nitrofurans for edible tissues of animal origin. Taking all this into account, methods for nitrofurans detection should be accreditated and validated, both for screening and confirmatory methods, and further research into the presence of nitrofurans in food of animal origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina should be performed.

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The application of biotechnology in animal nutrition

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1502127s ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 127-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dragan Sefer ◽

Radmila Markovic ◽

Jelena Nedeljkovic-Trailovic ◽

Branko Petrujkic ◽

Stamen Radulovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Health ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Feed Production ◽

Good Production ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Atmosphere Pollution ◽

Safe Food ◽

The Impact

Animal food has to incorporate multiple objectives, ie. it should provide good animal health, good production and reproductive performance, reduce pollution of the environment as well as have the impact on food of animal origin, by supplying it, in addition to basic nutrients, with certain useful substances that can act preventively on the occurrence of various diseases in humans in modern living conditions. This complex task implies the application of scientific knowledge concerning biotechnology in the field of animal feed production, and also includes the use of specific nutrients that are the result of the latest developments in specific disciplines such as molecular biology and genetic engineering. As a result of researches in these areas there were created some varieties of cereals and legumes with improved nutritional properties. On the other hand, obtaining a safe food of animal origin product imposes the use of substances of natural origin (such as probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, enzymes, chelating forms ..), which provide better digestibility and more complete utilization of certain nutrients from the feedstuff. In this way, the quantity of undigested substances are significantly reduced as well as soil and the atmosphere pollution. The use of specific additives in animal nutrition resulting from biotechnological research is most frequent when a problem concerning certain level of production or animal health has to be overcome. This implies a group of non-nutritional ingredients which are aimed to regulate the digestive tract microflora, pH, weight gain, as well as to modify metabolic processes etc.

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Developments in techniques to test the efficacy of animal feed products

Developing animal feed products - Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science ◽

10.19103/as.2020.0083.11 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 125-150

Author(s):

Gerhard Flachowsky ◽

◽

Ulrich Meyer ◽

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Health ◽

Feed Additives ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Key Issues ◽

Key Steps

Various animal feed products may influence animal health, conversion of animal feed into food of animal origin and the emissions caused by animals. All these matters are regulated in the directives of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This chapter first discusses EFSA guidance on how to compile dossiers for feed additives. The chapter then discusses key issues and steps in demonstrating the efficacy of new animal feed products: reduction of nitrogen (N) excretion, reduction of feed contamination of by mycotoxins and, finally, reduction of methane emissions with feed additives. Key steps, such as the use of in vitro and in vivo studies, to test the effects of feed additives are discussed in detail.

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Analysis of the Factors Influencing Veterinary Food Inspectors in Poland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 884 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Wojtacka ◽

Beata Wysok ◽

Joanna Szteyn

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Animal Health ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Graduate Courses ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Overall Evaluation ◽

Negative Factors ◽

Overall Job Satisfaction ◽

Different Sources

The evaluation of the quality of Veterinary Inspection in Poland has received much attention in the past few years. Veterinarians working as Food Inspectors face numerous and newly arising problems in the protection of animal health status, providing surveillance information on the occurrence of diseases, and carrying out risk analyses of the hazards related to food of animal origin. From the 130 active veterinarians attending the post graduate courses in “Hygiene of slaughter animals, meat and animal origin products” in Poland, 119 took part in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions that delivered information on demographic features of the respondents, and various aspects of the course of their work: (a) Motivation to undertake work in food safety sector, (b) overall job satisfaction, (c) crucial negative factors and (d) occupational hazards. Participants were mainly under 40 years of age. They were Veterinary Food Inspectors working as Official and Approved Veterinarians. Permanent position and economic reasons were their main motivation in the food safety sector. They indicated problems related to insufficient training in ante and post mortem examination, work with legal acts and risk analysis. They also declared a lack of preparation in coping with crisis situations. One third of the respondents declared their health and lives were endangered, while fulfilling professional duties and pointed at different sources of hazards. The overall evaluation of the work in food safety sector was rated good and satisfactory.

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Role of veterinarian in securing sanitary hygiene of food of animal origin

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl0502005s ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 59 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Lazar Stojanovic ◽

Vera Katic ◽

Olivera Buncic

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Human Health ◽

Food Production ◽

Acceptable Level ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Chemical Pollutants ◽

Food Of Animal Origin

The consumer demands that to be provided with a sufficient quantity of articles of animal origin that meet the requirements of sanitary hygiene and are available at acceptable prices. Food articles of animal origin that are safe for human consumption can be obtained only from healthy animals. Veterinarians are daily concerned with the health of animals and are taking measures to prevent the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from animals to humans. The knowledge of epizootiology, microbiology, the sources and pathways of contamination of food articles of animal origin by microbiological and chemical pollutants, the procedures in the process of producing food articles in which such pollutants can be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level, and the connection between these factors and human health, give veterinarians the key position in the securing of sanitary hygiene of articles of animal origin. The safety of articles of animal origin is a specialized field in the area of veterinary medicine that links all the activities of a veterinarian. In partnership with other professions, engaged in the chain of food production, veterinarians guarantee that food articles are safe for the health of consumers.

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Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2878

Author(s):

Lucila Canton ◽

Carlos Lanusse ◽

Laura Moreno

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Treated Animal ◽

Drug Residues ◽

Rational Pharmacotherapy ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Edible Tissues

Drugs are used in veterinary medicine to prevent or treat animal diseases. When rationally administered to livestock following Good Veterinary Practices (GVP), they greatly contribute to improving the production of food of animal origin. Since humans can be exposed chronically to veterinary drugs through the diet, residues in food are evaluated for effects following chronic exposures. Parameters such as an acceptable daily intake (ADI), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the withdrawal periods (WPs) are determined for each drug used in livestock. Drug residues in food exceeding the MRLs usually appear when failing the GVP application. Different factors related either to the treated animal or to the type of drug administration, and even the type of cooking can affect the level of residues in edible tissues. Residues above the MRLs can have a diverse negative impact, mainly on the consumer’s health, and favor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Drug residue monitoring programmes are crucial to ensure that prohibited or authorized substances do not exceed MRLs. This comprehensive review article addresses different aspects of drug residues in edible tissues produced as food for human consumption and provides relevant information contributing to rational pharmacotherapy in food-producing animals.

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Radioactive contamination of food chain around coal mine and coal-fired power stations

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection ◽

10.2298/ntrp1204388v ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 388-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gordana Vitorovic ◽

Branislava Mitrovic ◽

Velibor Andric ◽

Mirjana Stojanovic ◽

Mirjana Lazarevic-Macanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coal Mine ◽

Food Chain ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Animal Products ◽

Power Stations ◽

Activity Concentrations ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Human Food Chain ◽

The Impact

The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the coal mine in Lazarevac, and the coal-fired power stations in Obrenovac, on the activity concentrations of radionuclides 40K, 238U, 232Th, and 137Cs in some parts of human food chain of people living in the surrounding area. The obtained results showed that natural environment around the examined coal mine and the coal-fired power stations are not significantly affected by the emission of primordial radionuclides. The activity concentrations of 238U in the soil around the open coal mine and the coal processing installations (66.4-76.0 Bq/kg) and in the soil around the coal-fired power stations (55.5-61.2 Bq/kg) were not significantly higher than the average values in Serbia. The significant increase in the activity concentrations of natural radioisotopes in the samples of soil, vegetation, and animal products, was not confirmed. Food of animal origin used in human consumption is safe, i. e. not contaminated by radiation.

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