Growth Performance, Feed Conversion and Survival of Cirrhinus mrigala with Feeding Rate in Cage System

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and resistance to salinity stress of striped catfish juvenile reared in biofloc with different feeding rate (FR). The treatments applied in this study were rearing the fish in biofloc with FR 5% and 8% of biomass per day, and rearing the fish with a FR of 8% per day without biofloc system as the control. The fish with an initial average length of 1.81 ± 0.20 cm were stocked in 9 units of 50 L aquaria with density of 40 ind/aquaria (800 ind/m3) for 15 days rearing period. In biofloc systems, the addition of tapioca as a source of organic carbon was done every day with an estimated C/N ratio of 10. No water exchange was done in biofloc systems, whereas regular water exchange was applied in the control. Results of the experiment showed that survival was not significantly different amongst treatments (P>0.05). However, the specific growth rate of the fish in biofloc system with a FR of 8% per day showed the highest value and was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05). Fish reared in biofloc system tend to have lower feed conversion ratios (FCRs) than the control. The lowest FCR was found in fish reared in biofloc system with 5% FR and significantly lower than control (P<0.05). Salinity stress test was conducted by soaking 15 juveniles in water with a salinity of 20 g/L for an hour. The survival of fish after salinity stress test were significantly higher for fish reared in bifloc system than control (P<0.05). These data showed that rearing striped catfish juvenile in biofloc system could reduce FCR, increase the growth, and robustness of fish. Keywords: biofloc, feeding rate, growth, salinity stress test, striped catfish ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan dan ketahanan benih ikan patin terhadap stres salinitas yang dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok dengan tingkat pemberian pakan (FR) berbeda. Perlakuan yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini adalah benih patin yang dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok dengan FR 5% dan 8% per hari, dan pemeliharaan benih dengan FR 8% per hari tanpa penambahan sumber karbon sebagai kontrol. Benih patin dengan panjang rata-rata awal 1,81 ± 0,20 cm dipelihara dalam 9 unit akuarium dengan volume air 50 L dan kepadatan 40 ekor/akuarium (800 ekor/m3) selama 15 hari. Pada sistem bioflok, penambahan tapioka sebagai sumber karbon dilakukan setiap hari dengan C/N 10. Pada sistem bioflok tidak dilakukan pergantian air, sedangkan pada kontrol dilakukan pergantian air. Kelangsungan hidup ikan tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Namun, tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik ikan dalam sistem bioflok dengan FR 8% per hari menunjukkan nilai tertinggi dan berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P<0,05). Benih yang dipelihara pada sistem bioflok memiliki rasio konversi pakan (FCR) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perlakuan bioflok (P>0,05). Uji stres salinitas dilakukan dengan merendam 15 ekor benih patin pada air dengan salinitas 20 g/L selama satu jam. Kelangsungan hidup setelah uji stres salinitas dari benih yang dipelihara di bioflok secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol (P<0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan benih patin pada sistem bioflok dapat menurunkan FCR, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan ikan terhadap stres salinitas. Kata kunci: bioflok, feeding rate, pertumbuhan, uji stres salinitas, ikan patin

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Nutritional value and growth performance of sea worms (Nereis sp.) fed with Hermetia illucens maggot flour and grated coconut (Cocos nucifera) as natural feed

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Vivi Endar Herawati ◽

Pinandoyo Pinandoyo ◽

Seto Windarto ◽

Nurmanita Rismaningsih ◽

Putut Har Riyadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Plastic Container ◽

Hermetia Illucens

Abstract. Herawati VE, Pinandoyo, Windarto S, Rismaningsih N, Riyadi PH, Darmanto YS, Radjasa OK. 2020. Nutritional value and growth performance of sea worms (Nereis sp.) fed with Hermetia illucens maggot flour and grated coconut (Cocos nucifera) as natural feed. Biodiversitas 21: 5431-5437. Sea worms are one of the natural feeds used for shrimp aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the growth performance and nutritional quality of sea worms (Nereis sp.) fed with Hermetia illucens maggot flour and grated coconut (Cocos nucifera). Nereis sp. individuals were cultured at a density of 100/plastic container for 35 days, and fed twice daily with a feeding rate of 5% of the total body weight. This study used five treatments, i.e.: A. 50% maggot flour and 50% coconut grated, B. 75% maggot flour and 25% coconut grated, C. 25% maggot flour and 75% grated coconut, D. 100% maggot flour, and E. 100% coconut grated. The results showed that the sea worms fed on maggot flour and grated coconut had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on the survival rate (SR), feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency. Treatment D showed the highest absolute growth value, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency, and SR (0.45 g, 3.25%, 49.23%, and 99.67%). Feeding rate n ranged from 30.50% to 34.67%, and the FCR value ranged from 2.07-2.43%. The highest nutrient contents were observed in treatment D, with 54.05% protein, 22.54% fatty acid, 55.46 ppm methionine, and 10.98% EPA. This result suggested that Nereis sp. fed with 100% maggot flour had the greatest nutritional quality and growth performance.

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EVALUATION OF FEEDING RATES IN THE PRODUCTION OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI SHRIMP USING ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v19e-50805 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (0) ◽

Author(s):

César Rocha Nunes Antunes ◽

Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo ◽

Clóvis Matheus Pereira ◽

José dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Artificial Substrates ◽

Average Weight ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the the influence of feeding rate and different artificial substrates on both the water quality and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replicates, with a density of 30 shrimp m-2 and mean weight of 2.8 g. The experiment lasted 49 days, and during this period, artificial substrates did not influence the water quality. The increase in the feeding rate influenced the dissolved oxygen of treatments. The final average weight, average final length, final biomass, productivity, and feed conversion rate showed significant differences (p > 0.05). The best food conversion factor was provided by the treatment with a feeding rate of 2%. The treatment with a feeding rate of 4% of biomass showed the best growth performance, except for the feed conversion rate. Results showed that for the percentage of 25% of the area of artificial substrates, there is an optimum feeding rate of between 5.13% and 5.54% of shrimp biomass, resulting in maximum production.

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Feeding rate and frequency on juvenile pompano growth

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2013000800020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 950-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Viviana Lisboa da Cunha ◽

Marcelo Roberto Pereira Shei ◽

Marcelo Hideo Okamoto ◽

Ricardo Vieira Rodrigues ◽

Luís André Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Final Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Ideal

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal feeding rate and frequency for juvenile pompano (Trachinotus marginatus). Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with three replicates each. In experiment I, 25 fish (4.8±0.6 g and 6.48±0.01 cm) were stocked in 15 tanks (50 L) during 21 days and fed 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20% body weight per day. In experiment II, 20 fish (4.1±0.1 g and 6.6±0.1 cm) were stocked in 15 tanks (40 L) during 28 days and fed 2, 6, 8, and 10 times a day. The tested feeding rates and frequencies did not influence survival. Final weight and length in experiment I were significantly lower in fish fed 4% body weight per day, whereas in experiment II only weight was significantly lower in fish fed 2 and 6 times a day. At the end of both experiments, apparent feed conversion showed significant difference, with the worst value observed for fish fed 20% body weight per day in experiment I and 2 times a day in experiment II. Juvenile pompano show better growth performance when fed 8% body weight per day and 8 times a day.

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PRODUCTION OF WHITE SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei IN FLOATING CAGE SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITY AT THOUSAND ISLAND STRAIT

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v8i1.12718 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 201-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sophia N.M. Fendjalang ◽

Tatag Budiardi ◽

Eddy Supriyono ◽

Irzal Effendi

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Cage System ◽

In The Beginning

The aim of this study was to analyze the survival rate, growth, and haemolymp glucose level of white shrimp as a physiological responses at floating cage cultured on different stock den-sity, in Seribu Islands Strait. White shrimp used in this study contained approximate weight of 1.0±0.06 g and length of 5.0±0.03 cm from Nusa Karamba Hatchery in Seribu Island. White shrimp was maintained in 90 days, feed with ±36.28 % protein content 4 times each day with feeding rate (FR) of 7%. Water qualities and shrimp growth measurements was conducted every 10 days. Haemolymph glucose sam-pling was performed in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Result showed that treatment with stock densituy of 250 shrimp/m2 had a better survival rate of 30.33% and feed conversion ratio of 1.13 than other treatments. Phy-siological response in the form of glucose hemolim also showed a better response in the 250 ind./m2 stock density of 41.87 mg/dl indicating that the white shrimp did not experience a sig-nificant stress. Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, sea floating cages, stock density, strait waters, Seribu Islands.

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PRODUCTION OF WHITE SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei IN FLOATING CAGE SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITY AT THOUSAND ISLAND STRAIT

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v8i1.12718 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sophia N.M. Fendjalang ◽

Tatag Budiardi ◽

Eddy Supriyono ◽

Irzal Effendi

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Cage System ◽

In The Beginning

The aim of this study was to analyze the survival rate, growth, and haemolymp glucose level of white shrimp as a physiological responses at floating cage cultured on different stock den-sity, in Seribu Islands Strait. White shrimp used in this study contained approximate weight of 1.0±0.06 g and length of 5.0±0.03 cm from Nusa Karamba Hatchery in Seribu Island. White shrimp was maintained in 90 days, feed with ±36.28 % protein content 4 times each day with feeding rate (FR) of 7%. Water qualities and shrimp growth measurements was conducted every 10 days. Haemolymph glucose sam-pling was performed in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Result showed that treatment with stock densituy of 250 shrimp/m2 had a better survival rate of 30.33% and feed conversion ratio of 1.13 than other treatments. Phy-siological response in the form of glucose hemolim also showed a better response in the 250 ind./m2 stock density of 41.87 mg/dl indicating that the white shrimp did not experience a sig-nificant stress. Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, sea floating cages, stock density, strait waters, Seribu Islands.

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Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v3i2.4256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 150-157

Author(s):

Khalid M. Gaafar

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Flu Vaccine ◽

Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

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Effects of Different Swimming Pool Conditions and Floor Types on Growth Performance and Footpad Dermatitis in Indoor-Reared White Roman Geese

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1705

Author(s):

Shih-Chieh Liao ◽

Pei-Xuan Lu ◽

Shih-Yi Shen ◽

Chih-Chang Hsiao ◽

Ching-Yi Lien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Swimming Pool ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Performance Measurements ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Plantar Surface ◽

Rearing Conditions ◽

Foot Disease

Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a major foot disease in modern poultry production, and it affects both poultry health and animal welfare. It refers to inflammation and necrotizing lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads and toes. We investigated the effects of providing a swimming pool and different floor types on growth performance and FPD score in indoor-reared White Roman geese. Forty-eight male and 48 female White Roman geese were randomly allocated to pens with or without a swimming pool and with either mud or perforated plastic floor and reared from 15 to 84 days of age. Growth performance measurements included feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). FI, WG, and FCR were significantly decreased at various growth periods in geese provided with a pool. Lower WG and bodyweight for the perforated plastic floor group were found at 15–28 and 28 days of age, respectively. The geese reared on the perforated plastic floors without a pool had higher FPD scores at 70 and 84 days of age than those with other rearing conditions. A higher incidence of FPD score 1 was observed in geese raised without a pool. In conclusion, providing a pool can improve footpad health in indoor-reared White Roman geese but may not benefit growth performance.

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Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2027

Author(s):

Doaa Ibrahim ◽

Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽

Eman Khalifa ◽

Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽

Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Production Costs ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

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A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Julie C. Lynegaard ◽

Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽

Julie K. Bache ◽

Nicolai R. Weber ◽

Christian F. Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Soy Protein Concentrate ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

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