scholarly journals Can digital financial inclusion effectively stimulate technological Innovation of agricultural enterprises?—A case study on China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-421
Author(s):  
Jinhui Zhu ◽  
◽  
Zhenghui Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

<abstract> <p>Digital financial inclusion is a new product of traditional finance through digitalization and technologization. This paper uses the data of China's A-share listed agricultural companies from 2015 to 2020 to explore the impact of digital financial inclusion on the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises and answer the question of whether digital financial inclusion can solve the financing problems of agricultural enterprises and provide them the necessary support to stimulate their technological innovation effectively. Firstly, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises, and the Tobit model is adopted to analyze the impact of digital financial inclusion on the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Secondly, the influence mechanism of digital financial inclusion is explored. Thirdly, the heterogeneity test is conducted for enterprises with different characteristics. Finally, we discuss how the marginal effect of digital financial inclusion changes. The empirical results show that: first, digital financial inclusion has a significant promoting effect on the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises, and the impact is prominent in a wide range; second, digital financial inclusion can promote technological innovation through the mechanism of enterprise digitization, financing constraints and market efficiency; third, non-state-owned enterprises with high financing level are more suitable to encourage innovation through digital financial inclusion; fourth, the promoting effect of digital financial inclusion has structural characteristics, and it shows an increasing trend with the improvement of enterprise innovation level.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Challenges Facing Financial Inclusion Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Tea Kasradze
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Population

Financial inclusion is often considered as an access to financial resources for the wide public and small and medium-sized businesses, although it is a much broader concept and includes a wide range of access to quality financial products and services, including loans, deposit services, insurance, pensions and payment systems. Mechanisms for protecting the rights of consumers of financial products and services are also considered to be subject to financial inclusion. Financial inclusion acquires great importance during the pandemic and post-pandemic period. The economic crisis caused by the pandemic is particularly painful for low-income vulnerable population. A large part of the poor population who were working informally has lost source of income due to lockdown from the pandemic. Remittances have also been reduced / minimized, as the remitters had also lost jobs and are unable to send money home. Today, when people die from Coronavirus disease, it may be awkward to talk about the financial side of a pandemic, but the financial consequences can be far-reaching if steps are not taken today to ensure access to and inclusion of financial resources. The paper examines the impact of the pandemic on financial inclusion and the responses of the governments and the financial sectors to the challenge of ensuring the financial inclusion of the poor population and small and medium enterprises.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of Institutional Investor and Enterprise Innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Cheng Min
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Institutional Investment ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The Impact

Innovation is the driving force of social and economic development, and a decisive factor in enhancing national competitiveness. In recent years, more and more countries have taken innovation to a strategic height. Chinese institutional investors have an increasing share of the overall ownership and make a remarkable improvement in the market position. Based on an increasingly significant role in the capital market, they actively intervene in the management of the enterprise, focusing on long-term improvement of corporate performance. Correspondingly, Institutional investors can also affect the level of technological innovation by participating in corporate governance. This study analyzes the mechanism of institutional investment affecting the technological innovation of enterprises, and takes an empirical test of institutional investors on the impact of technological innovation. The results show that the overall ownership of institutional investors has a significant positive impact on corporate R&D expenditure. This paper proposes that the future policies should still be oriented toward the development and support of institutional investors, and give further play to their efforts to promote technological innovation of enterprises.

Cognitive screening for dementia in primary care: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Emy Yokomizo ◽  
Sharon Sanz Simon ◽  
Cássio Machado de Campos Bottino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:Identifying dementia in primary care could minimize the impact of a late intervention; however, it shows high rates of misdiagnosis. One of the reasons seems to be the lack of knowledge of adequate cognitive screening instruments. This is a systematic review of the available instruments for the primary care context.Method:For this systematic review, articles were collected according to the following combined key terms: “cognitive screening” and “dementia” and “primary care” and “review”. Studies should be reviews focusing on cognitive screening instruments best used in primary care setting.Results:Thirteen reviews were selected. In total, it was considered 34 cognitive screening instruments. Half of the instruments can be applied in an adequate time-limit for primary care context. Memory is the most commonly assessed cognitive function (91%). Almost half of the tests are mentioned to have influence of education or cultural factors (44%).Conclusion:Tests such as 6CIT, AMT, GPCOG, Mini-Cog, MIS, MoCA, and STMS seem to be good alternatives to the use of the Mini-Mental State Examination when considering factors such as application time, sensitivity, specificity, and number of studies. However, there is a wide range of tests with different characteristics, therefore it is recommended that the professional gets some expertise in a few number of instruments in order to be able to choose which to use, or use in combination, depending on the setting and the profile of the patient.

scholarly journals Forming Social Responsibility of Agricultural Enterprises in the Conditions of Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
M. V. Polenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collective Farms

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce modern mechanisms of interaction between the state and business, and between business and society as well in order to ensure sustainable economic growth in Ukraine. Today agricultural enterprises more and more often appear under pressure to solve social problems, realize the harm they do to the environment in their supply chains, and need to find ways to solve critical socio-economic and environmental challenges set in accordance with the goals of sustainable development. The evolution of schools of thought developing the concept of corporate social responsibility is studied, as well as those of the economic system and industrial transformations, which were actively developing in the twentieth century society. It has been found out that the impact of social responsibility on the welfare of the population was considered through the prism of three areas: business ethics, business and society, and social aspects of management. It is substantiated that corporate social responsibility is an umbrella term for various theories and practices, admitting that corporations are responsible for their impact on society and the environment, sometimes even beyond compliance with the law and the responsibility of individuals; companies are responsible for the behavior of others with whom they do business (for example, suppliers in the supply chain); companies should handle their relationships with society at large. The peculiarities of the approaches of large farms (collective farms) to the socio-economic development of rural areas in the planned economy in Soviet times are outlined. It has been found out that collective farms provided a wide range of support to rural communities and household plot owners, namely, by providing the following: full employment, rural social infrastructure, resources and services on homesteads. The peculiarities of European approaches to the development of social responsibility have been studied. The relationship between the social responsibility of agricultural enterprises and the revival of rural areas has been established.

scholarly journals Statistical Assessment of the Impact of Structural Factors on Economic Activities of Agricultural Enterprises

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Т. V. Kobylynska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural enterprises have a critical role in the agrarian market of Ukraine, as they account for nearly 60% of the plant-growing output. Studies of the dynamics and structure of production processes at agricultural enterprises are obviously important and expedient due to the need for operative and sound data on their economic performance, required by a wide range of users. Besides that, whatever is produced in the market environment needs to be demanded by the market and be sold with profit, with due consideration for the requirements on rational land use, to maintain the fertility of lands and prevent from their destruction. The objective of the study is to conduct statistical analysis of the structure and structural change of the agricultural output produced by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. Negative and positive tendencies in the structural change of operation at agricultural enterprises by organizational and legal form of proprietorship are analyzed. The indicator of production output in constant prices is used to characterize the dynamics of the total output. It is stressed that it is a key performance indicator in agricultural sector, used for both agricultural enterprises and households. The agricultural output is computed by valuating all the categories of products irrespective of the production location and conditions, by the same price This algorithm avoids the impact of variations in regional prices for categories of agricultural products and enables for comparative analysis at national and regional level by main agricultural activity (plant-growing, animal husbandry) and category of agricultural producers. The structure and structural change in the agricultural output by product category and form of proprietorship is analyzed, ft is shown that while in 2012-2013 agricultural enterprises accounted for average 52.4% of the gross agricultural output, in 2014-2016 their average contribution in the output grew by 3.4 percentage points and reached 55.8%.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Agricultural Enterprise’s Social Responsibility on Enterprise's Continuous Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 403-419
Author(s):  
Yan XU ◽  
Hong CHEN ◽  
Tao ZHAI
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural enterprises can establish and maintain good relationships with external stakeholders by fulfilling their own CSR, and obtain key external knowledge and important external resources through these relationship channels, and then realize their own technological innovation and promotion. At the same time, relevant management personnel of agricultural enterprises should pay attention to the issue of CSR input intensity in the process of fulfilling CSR, and should try to avoid getting into relationships with these stakeholders due to excessive reliance on CSR to meet the demands of relevant external stakeholders. In this way, it brings unnecessary costs to the technological innovation activities of enterprises, and ultimately leads to the reduction of innovation efficiency and performance. This article puts forward the research on the impact of agricultural corporate social responsibility on the continuous innovation of the enterprise itself. Agricultural enterprises are considering CSR as a means to promote corporate technological innovation and are investing in it. Relevant managers must first think about whether there are some inert factors in the company, including outdated organizational processes and organizational practices. Once such inert factors are discovered, in order to ensure that the company's investment in CSR can finally be effectively transformed into corporate technology Innovative performance, it is necessary for relevant managers to take some targeted actions in the specific practice process to overcome the negative effects of these inertia factors.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impacts of tiered restrictions introduced in England, during October and December 2020 on COVID-19 cases: A synthetic control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingna Zhang ◽  
Gwilym Owen ◽  
Mark Green ◽  
Iain Buchan ◽  
Ben Barr
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundIn 2020, a second wave of COVID-19 cases unevenly affected places in England leading to the introduction of a tiered system of controls with different geographical areas subject to different levels of restrictions. Whilst previous research has examined the impact of national lockdowns on transmission, there has been limited research examining the marginal effect of differences in localised restrictions or how these effects vary between socioeconomic contexts. We therefore examined how Tier 3 restrictions in England implemented between October-December 2020, which included additional restrictions on the hospitality sector and people meeting outdoors affected COVID-19 case rates, compared to Tier 2 restrictions, and how these effects varied by level of deprivation.MethodsWe used data on weekly reported COVID-19 cases for 7201 neighbourhoods in England and adjusted these for changing case-detection rates to provide an estimate of weekly SARS-CoV-2 infections in each neighbourhood. We identified those areas that entered Tier 3 restrictions at two time points in October and December, and constructed a synthetic control group of similar places that had entered Tier 2 restrictions, using calibration weights to match them on a wide range of covariates that may influence transmission. We then compared the change in weekly infections between those entering Tier 3 to the synthetic control group to estimate the proportional reduction of cases resulting from Tier 3 restrictions compared to Tier 2 restrictions, over a 4-week period. We further used interaction analysis to estimate whether this effect differed based on the level of socioeconomic deprivation in each neighbourhood and whether effects were modified by the prevalence of a new more infectious variant of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.1.7) in each area.ResultsThe introduction of Tier 3 restrictions in October and December was associated with a 14% (95% CI 10% to 19%) and 20% (95% CI 13% to 29%) reduction in infections respectively, compared to the rates expected if only Tier 2 restrictions had been in place in those areas. We found that effects were similar across levels of deprivation and limited evidence that Tier 3 restrictions had a greater effect in areas where the new more infectious variant was more prevalent.InterpretationAdditional restrictions on hospitality and meeting outdoors introduced in Tier 3 areas in England had a moderate effect on transmission and these restrictions did not appear to increase inequalities, having a similar impact across areas with differing levels of socioeconomic deprivation. Where transmission risks vary between geographical areas a tiered approach of local restrictions on outdoor mixing and hospitality can contribute to control of SARS-CoV-2 and is unlikely to increases inequalities in transmission.

Terrorism in OPEC countries and oil prices

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel Bassil ◽  
Hassan Hamadi ◽  
Marion Bteich
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of terrorism in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) on the return and volatility of world price of oil. Design/methodology/approach GARCH models and daily data from 1987 till 2015 will be used. Findings The empirical results reveal that terrorism in the OPEC affects positively oil returns and negatively its volatility. Results also show that the different characteristics of the attacks are likely to have different impact on the return and volatility of oil prices. In overall terms, terrorism has a much larger positive impact on the return of oil prices and negative impact on its volatility if it targets the oil industry in the OPEC. This marginal effect is even greater if those attacks were successful. Originality/value The distinguishing feature of this paper is that the authors use a framework that takes into account different attributes for terrorism the success of the attacks, the intensity of the attacks and the associated targets.

scholarly journals Is There Any Difference in the Impact of Digital Transformation on the Quantity and Efficiency of Enterprise Technological Innovation? Taking China’s Agricultural Listed Companies as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12972
Author(s):  
Haihua Liu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Zejun Li
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The effect of digital transformation on enterprise technological innovation is reflected in quantity and quality, which may show heterogeneity. In this regard, this paper uses the data of China’s A-share agricultural listed companies from 2015 to 2020 to compare the differential impact of enterprise digital transformation from the perspective of quantity and quality of technological innovation. Firstly, the Tobit model is used to test whether there are differences in the impact of digital transformation on the quantity and quality of technological innovation of agricultural enterprises, and heterogeneity is tested according to the nature of enterprises. Secondly, this paper explores the reasons digital transformation has different effects on the quantity and quality of technological innovation through mechanism analysis. Finally, according to the threshold model, the conditions for digital transformation to promote the quantity and quality of technological innovation of agricultural enterprises are discussed. The empirical results show that, first, the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises only promotes the number of technological innovations, and there is heterogeneity in the nature of enterprises, but the innovation efficiency is not affected. Second, the period expense rate will lead to digital transformation, having different effects on the quantity and efficiency of technological innovation of agricultural enterprises. Third, the impact of digital transformation on the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises has a significant single threshold effect, and when the period expense rate is less than the threshold, the digital transformation has a significant role in promotion.

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP PRACTICES TO TEAM MEMBERS’ SATISFACTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalimah .
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

eamwork is becoming increasingly important to wide range of operations. It applies to all levels of the company. It is just as important for top executives as it is to middle management, supervisors and shop floor workers. Poor teamwork at any level or between levels can seriously damage organizational effectiveness. The focus of this paper was therefore to examine whether leadership practices consist of team leader behavior, conflict resolution style and openness in communication significantly influenced the team member’s satisfaction in hotel industry. Result indicates that team leader behavior and the conflict resolution style significantly influenced team member satisfaction. It was surprising that openness in communication did not affect significantly to the team members’ satisfaction.

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