scholarly journals Statistical Assessment of the Impact of Structural Factors on Economic Activities of Agricultural Enterprises

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Т. V. Kobylynska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural enterprises have a critical role in the agrarian market of Ukraine, as they account for nearly 60% of the plant-growing output. Studies of the dynamics and structure of production processes at agricultural enterprises are obviously important and expedient due to the need for operative and sound data on their economic performance, required by a wide range of users. Besides that, whatever is produced in the market environment needs to be demanded by the market and be sold with profit, with due consideration for the requirements on rational land use, to maintain the fertility of lands and prevent from their destruction. The objective of the study is to conduct statistical analysis of the structure and structural change of the agricultural output produced by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. Negative and positive tendencies in the structural change of operation at agricultural enterprises by organizational and legal form of proprietorship are analyzed. The indicator of production output in constant prices is used to characterize the dynamics of the total output. It is stressed that it is a key performance indicator in agricultural sector, used for both agricultural enterprises and households. The agricultural output is computed by valuating all the categories of products irrespective of the production location and conditions, by the same price This algorithm avoids the impact of variations in regional prices for categories of agricultural products and enables for comparative analysis at national and regional level by main agricultural activity (plant-growing, animal husbandry) and category of agricultural producers. The structure and structural change in the agricultural output by product category and form of proprietorship is analyzed, ft is shown that while in 2012-2013 agricultural enterprises accounted for average 52.4% of the gross agricultural output, in 2014-2016 their average contribution in the output grew by 3.4 percentage points and reached 55.8%.

scholarly journals Economic content of innovations and the principles of their implementation in agricultural enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Khalatur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Subject of research is the economic content of innovation in agriculture. Purpose of the study is to consider the economic essence of innovation, outline the problems of the development of innovative activities of agricultural enterprises. Methods of research. The article uses a set of scientific methods of scientific research. The following research methods were used to write the article: logical generalization - to assess trends in the formation of the economic content of innovations in agricultural enterprises, as well as in the formation of a mechanism for managing the innovative process of an agricultural enterprise; dialectical and historical - in the study of scientific approaches to the formation of the economic content of innovations of the subject of economic activity, the generalization of foreign experience in securing business and the identification of conceptual approaches to taking into account the impact of threats on the innovative activities of the agricultural enterprise. Results of research. Challenges of modern times exert pressure on agriculture: population growth, the effects of climate change, the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture, economic development and the growing instability associated with land, water and energy shortages. This scenario enhances the critical role of innovation to make agriculture a more competitive and sustainable industry. The article reveals the economic content of innovations as a category of economy and features of the functioning of innovations in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine, as well as the author's definition of the term "innovation". The main features of the innovation process are considered. Application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the practice of financial and economic activity of agricultural enterprises. Conclusions. Our analysis of professional literary sources and the scientific generalization of the existing views on the disclosure of the economic content of the term "innovation" have allowed us to state that, first, there is no conventional interpretation that would cover its most significant qualitative characteristics, and secondly, the main discussions of this issues focus mainly on three conceptual directions. Determining the specific features of bringing innovation to the consumer, it is customary to talk about innovation activity or innovation process as a process of transforming knowledge into innovation, passing the following stages: "science - technology - production - consumption". So the basic condition for the effective functioning of agricultural production is the expanded reproduction that occurs in the interaction of economic and natural-biological processes. Therefore, in the management of innovations need to take into account the requirements not only economic laws, but also the laws of nature: equivalence, indispensability and a combination of life factors, laws of minimum, optimum and maximum.

scholarly journals Immunology 101: fundamental immunology for the practicing hematologist

Hematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Shannon A. Carty
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Hematologic Disorders ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Host Tissues

Abstract From an evolutionary perspective, the immune system developed primarily to protect the host from pathogens. In the continuous balance between killing pathogens and protecting host tissues, selective pressures have shaped the discriminatory functions of the immune system. In addition to protection against microbial pathogens, the immune system also plays a critical role in antitumor immunity. Immune dysfunction, either under- or overactivity, is found in a wide range of hematologic disorders. Here we review the fundamental features of the immune system and the key concepts critical to understanding the impact of immune dysfunction on hematologic disorders.

scholarly journals Forming Social Responsibility of Agricultural Enterprises in the Conditions of Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
M. V. Polenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collective Farms

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce modern mechanisms of interaction between the state and business, and between business and society as well in order to ensure sustainable economic growth in Ukraine. Today agricultural enterprises more and more often appear under pressure to solve social problems, realize the harm they do to the environment in their supply chains, and need to find ways to solve critical socio-economic and environmental challenges set in accordance with the goals of sustainable development. The evolution of schools of thought developing the concept of corporate social responsibility is studied, as well as those of the economic system and industrial transformations, which were actively developing in the twentieth century society. It has been found out that the impact of social responsibility on the welfare of the population was considered through the prism of three areas: business ethics, business and society, and social aspects of management. It is substantiated that corporate social responsibility is an umbrella term for various theories and practices, admitting that corporations are responsible for their impact on society and the environment, sometimes even beyond compliance with the law and the responsibility of individuals; companies are responsible for the behavior of others with whom they do business (for example, suppliers in the supply chain); companies should handle their relationships with society at large. The peculiarities of the approaches of large farms (collective farms) to the socio-economic development of rural areas in the planned economy in Soviet times are outlined. It has been found out that collective farms provided a wide range of support to rural communities and household plot owners, namely, by providing the following: full employment, rural social infrastructure, resources and services on homesteads. The peculiarities of European approaches to the development of social responsibility have been studied. The relationship between the social responsibility of agricultural enterprises and the revival of rural areas has been established.

scholarly journals Macronutrients and caloric intake in health and longevity

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. R17-R28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M Solon-Biet ◽  
Sarah J Mitchell ◽  
Rafael de Cabo ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
David G Le Couteur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Both lifespan and healthspan are influenced by nutrition, with nutritional interventions proving to be robust across a wide range of species. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood. Caloric restriction is the most studied dietary intervention known to extend life in many organisms, but recently the balance of macronutrients has been shown to play a critical role. In this review, we discuss the current understanding regarding the impact of calories and macronutrient balance in mammalian health and longevity, and highlight the key nutrient-sensing pathways that mediate the effects of nutrition on health and ageing.

scholarly journals Economic assessments of the impact of Covid-19 on farm development

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Mamchur ◽  
Ivan Irkliienko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to evaluate measures to support the activities of farms and family farms in the conditions of David-19 and make a forecast assessment of their development and formation. Research methods. It is based on the active policy concept of entrepreneurial potential realization in the countryside, which includes measures for the farms and family farms development, in particular through the transformational mechanism of household formalization into a market environment. The following scientific methods were used in the research process: dialectical scientific knowledge of processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, as well as stages of business development); graphic (to obtain a synthesized idea of the object of study, to identify its components, to establish causal relationships); empirical (regarding a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the object of study); comparative analysis (identification of problems and directions of formation and development of farming); comparative analysis (taking into account the specific conditions of agricultural activity and comparing the processes of farming development at the national level); prognostic (formation of conceptual bases of regulation and improvement of the strategy of development of business); abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). Research results. The situation on minimizing the impact of quarantine measures under the conditions of Covid-19 and their consequences and interaction in the development of farms and family farms in rural areas is analyzed. On the basis of generalization in the development of mechanisms to ensure the efficiency of the agricultural sector of the economy, it is necessary to take into account the features and vulnerabilities of the organizational and legal management form. It was found that the most vulnerable to the introduction of quarantine restrictions are small and medium-sized farms, mostly those engaged in vegetable production, in particular the production of early vegetables and berries. This can directly lead to a reduction in their number. Thus, by 2025, the number of farms may be reduced by 450 units - up to 32639 against 33089 in 2019. However, the introduced measures, including compensation the part of SST for family farms, are able to provide in the near future approximately 200 thousand such farms both through a change in the organizational and legal form of existing small farms and through household formalization into the market environment with the acquisition of the official status of business entities. Scientific novelty. The methodological representation and identification of the category of self-employment as structured and defined by law, institutional and economic criteria, forms of organization of rural management with the appropriate definition of priority contours of possible organizational and economic effectiveness of functioning through employment in non-agricultural enterprises. Practical significance. The basic principles for counteracting the impact of restrictive measures in the context of Covid-19 were revealed, which allowed to assess the prospects for the development of farms, including family farms, as well as to make predictive calculations of the impact of proposed measures on their formation and development. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 24.

Pollution Regulation of Competitive Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 4193-4206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnan S. Anand ◽  
François C. Giraud-Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Pollution Regulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Impact

We develop a model of oligopolistic firms that produce partially differentiated products and generate pollution as a byproduct. We analyze and compare two types of pollution regulation: Cap-and-Trade and Taxes. Firms can respond to regulation by any combination of pollution abatement, output reduction, emissions trading (under Cap-and-Trade), or payment of pollution taxes (under Taxes). We prove that well-chosen regulation can, besides reducing pollution, actually improve firms’ profits relative to laissez-faire (unregulated markets), and simultaneously improve consumer surplus and welfare. Thus, regulation Pareto-dominates laissez-faire under a wide range of plausible conditions. These results are driven by an unintended consequence of pollution regulation: Competing firms can use the regulation to tacitly (and credibly) collude to reduce production and improve their profits. We show that the degree of competition plays a critical role in determining the economic consequences of pollution regulation. Our results suggest that the regulator’s primary consideration should be the impact of regulation on consumers rather than producers. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Policy restrictions and services performance: Evidence from 32 countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1440003
Author(s):  
Xiaobo He ◽  
Christopher Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Restrictive Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

The impact of services trade and investment policy which affects the performance of the service sector is the topic of this paper. The performance indicator is not the services share of total output but the services shares in the gross value of goods exports. We find that a more restrictive environment for services delivery is associated with a lower services share in exports, but with a diminishing effect. The results remain robust even after extra measures of the ease of doing business (such as number of documents to export, number of days to export and "rank of trading across borders") are included. There is a significant relationship between policy and the share of services from domestic origin, including those from foreign invested firms, in exports, but not with the share of services from offshore sources. This result indicates that at present the more important impact of services policy reforms is via the establishment of new providers, rather than via trade across borders. This causal channel has important consequences for the political economy of reforms in services.

scholarly journals Can digital financial inclusion effectively stimulate technological Innovation of agricultural enterprises?—A case study on China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-421
Author(s):  
Jinhui Zhu ◽  
◽  
Zhenghui Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

<abstract> <p>Digital financial inclusion is a new product of traditional finance through digitalization and technologization. This paper uses the data of China's A-share listed agricultural companies from 2015 to 2020 to explore the impact of digital financial inclusion on the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises and answer the question of whether digital financial inclusion can solve the financing problems of agricultural enterprises and provide them the necessary support to stimulate their technological innovation effectively. Firstly, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises, and the Tobit model is adopted to analyze the impact of digital financial inclusion on the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Secondly, the influence mechanism of digital financial inclusion is explored. Thirdly, the heterogeneity test is conducted for enterprises with different characteristics. Finally, we discuss how the marginal effect of digital financial inclusion changes. The empirical results show that: first, digital financial inclusion has a significant promoting effect on the technological innovation efficiency of agricultural enterprises, and the impact is prominent in a wide range; second, digital financial inclusion can promote technological innovation through the mechanism of enterprise digitization, financing constraints and market efficiency; third, non-state-owned enterprises with high financing level are more suitable to encourage innovation through digital financial inclusion; fourth, the promoting effect of digital financial inclusion has structural characteristics, and it shows an increasing trend with the improvement of enterprise innovation level.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Sectoral Output Gaps – Estimates for Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Output Gap ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Sectoral Output ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Hp Filter ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Output Gaps ◽  
The Impact

The paper reveals the impact of the output gap of the various sectors on the total output gap in the Bulgarian economy. The HP filter procedure has been applied in order to evaluate the potential output of each sector. The results show different cyclical dynamics between sectors which assumes that the structural change of production is driven not only by cyclical factors but rather by fundamental. As some of the sectoral output gaps appear to be much more volatile than others a shock in one sector can have an impact on the rest of the economy through the cross-sectoral dependencies. The last part of the paper reveals the contribution of the individual sector output gap to the overall economy output gap. Based on that, the sectors determining the cyclical state of the economy over the period 2000-2019 have been identified.

scholarly journals ESRF X-rays at the service of industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C591-C591
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Monaco-Malbet ◽  
Emilie Poudevigne ◽  
Michael Sztucki ◽  
Elodie Boller ◽  
Tamzin Lafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The creation and tailoring of new materials are at the heart of current industry challenges. New materials must meet ever more stringent requirements of performance, whilst fitting into the modern cradle-to-grave cycle of material production, use, and recycling. The properties and function expected of materials depend heavily upon their composition and their micro- or even nano-structure. Their "ultimate" characterisation is possible down to the atomic scale using the tools and techniques of large-scale facilities such as synchrotron X-rays. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) provides the ability to visualise the atomic, nano-, and macro-structure of a huge range of complex materials, often under processing or end-use conditions and in real time. This capability lends itself to an equally wide range of industrial R&D problems which, in particular, have been adopted by the healthcare industry. Beyond drug discovery and development, the ESRF is also very active in providing analysis for micro- and nano-electronics, energy and smart materials, transport, chemistry and catalysis, engineering materials, and home and body care amongst others. In Europe and worldwide, funding agencies are requesting and demanding a stronger economic return from the significant public investments made in central facilities and this is resulting a gradual but firm pressure for stronger interactions with industry. In this context, new business models are springing to life, with more partnerships, more services, and nimble small start-ups bridging the gap between the oft "ivory tower" nature of research infrastructure and the commercially driven industry world. This presentation will present and discuss the increasingly critical role of such large-scale facilities in delivering ultimate materials characterization for innovative industrial and applied R&D, looking to both the current developments and future possibilities as well as review several examples of partnerships between research and industry and the impact these partnerships have on academic research.

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