scholarly journals Orange juice–derived flavanone and phenolic metabolites do not acutely affect cardiovascular risk biomarkers: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in men at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Y Schär ◽  
Peter J Curtis ◽  
Sara Hazim ◽  
Luisa M Ostertag ◽  
Colin D Kay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

ABSTRACT Background: Epidemiologic data suggest inverse associations between citrus flavanone intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, insufficient randomized controlled trial data limit our understanding of the mechanisms by which flavanones and their metabolites potentially reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: We examined the effects of orange juice or a dose-matched hesperidin supplement on plasma concentrations of established and novel flavanone metabolites and their effects on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in men at moderate CVD risk. Design: In an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 16 fasted participants (aged 51–69 y) received orange juice or a hesperidin supplement (both providing 320 mg hesperidin) or control (all matched for sugar and vitamin C content). At baseline and 5 h postintake, endothelial function (primary outcome), blood pressure, arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic function, platelet activation, and NADPH oxidase gene expression and plasma flavanone metabolites were assessed. Before each intervention, a diet low in flavonoids, nitrate/nitrite, alcohol, and caffeine was followed, and a standardized low-flavonoid evening meal was consumed. Results: Orange juice intake significantly elevated mean ± SEM plasma concentrations of 8 flavanone (1.75 ± 0.35 μmol/L, P < 0.0001) and 15 phenolic (13.27 ± 2.22 μmol/L, P < 0.0001) metabolites compared with control at 5 h postconsumption. Despite increased plasma flavanone and phenolic metabolite concentrations, cardiovascular risk biomarkers were unaltered. After hesperidin supplement intake, flavanone metabolites were not different from the control, suggesting altered absorption/metabolism compared with the orange juice matrix. Conclusions: After single-dose flavanone intake within orange juice, circulating flavanone and phenolic metabolites collectively reached a concentration of 15.20 ± 2.15 μmol/L, but no effects were observed on cardiovascular risk biomarkers. Longer-duration randomized controlled trials are required to examine previous associations between higher flavanone intakes and improved cardiovascular health and to ascertain the relative importance of food matrix and flavanone-derived phenolic metabolites. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530893.

scholarly journals Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ghaedi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Hamed Mohammadi ◽  
Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie ◽  
Janmohamad Malekzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACTThere is some evidence supporting the beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This diet advises consuming lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and avoiding intake of grains, dairy products, processed foods, and added sugar and salt. This study was performed to assess the effects of a PD on CVD risk factors including anthropometric indexes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers using data from randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to August 2018. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size. Meta-analysis of 8 eligible studies revealed that a PD significantly reduced body weight [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.68 kg; 95% CI: −2.86, −0.49 kg], waist circumference (WMD = −2.72 cm; 95% CI: −4.04, −1.40 cm), BMI (in kg/m2) (WMD = −1.54; 95% CI: −2.22, −0.87), body fat percentage (WMD = −1.31%; 95% CI: −2.06%, −0.57%), systolic (WMD = −4.75 mm Hg; 95% CI: −7.54, −1.96 mm Hg) and diastolic (WMD = −3.23 mm Hg; 95% CI: −4.77, −1.69 mm Hg) blood pressure, and circulating concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = −0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.04 mmol/L), triglycerides (WMD = −0.30 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.55, −0.06 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (WMD = −0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.01 mmol/L), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = −0.48 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.16 mg/L) and also significantly increased HDL cholesterol (WMD = 0.06 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11 mmol/L). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of a PD on lipid profile, systolic blood pressure, and circulating CRP concentrations were sensitive to removing some studies and to the correlation coefficients, hence the results must be interpreted with caution. Although the present meta-analysis revealed that a PD has favorable effects on CVD risk factors, the evidence is not conclusive and more well-designed trials are still needed.

scholarly journals In Women with Previous Pregnancy Hypertension, Levels of Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers May Be Modulated by Haptoglobin Polymorphism

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Matos ◽  
Alda Pereira da Silva ◽  
Maria Clara Bicho ◽  
Conceição Afonso ◽  
Maria José Areias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽  
Risk Biomarkers ◽  
A Prospective Study

Preeclampsia (PE) may affect the risk for future cardiovascular disease. Haptoglobin (Hp), an acute phase protein with functional genetic polymorphism, synthesized in the hepatocyte and in many peripheral tissues secondary of oxidative stress of PE, may modulate that risk through the antioxidant, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory differential effects of their genotypes. We performed a prospective study in 352 women aged35±5.48years, which 165 had previous PE, 2 to 16 years ago. We studied demographic, anthropometric, and haemodynamic biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide metabolites (total and nitrites), and others associated with liver function (AST and ALT) and lipid profile (total LDL and cholesterol HDL, non-HDL, and apolipoproteins A and B). Finally, we study the influence of Hp genetic polymorphism on all these biomarkers and as a predisposing factor for PE and its remote cardiovascular disease prognosis. Previously preeclamptic women either hypertensive or normotensive presented significant differences in those risk biomarkers (MPO, nitrites, and ALT), whose variation may be modulated by Hp 1/2 functional genetic polymorphism. The history of PE may be relevant, in association with these biomarkers to the cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women.

404Impact of cardiovascular risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease: Results from MORGAM and BiomarCaRE consortia

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Magnussen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Coronary Death ◽  
Cardiac Revascularization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Knowledge about the impact of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset is essential to improve CVD prevention. Purpose We estimated population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of body-mass-index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diabetes, blood lipids (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; non-HDL-C) and daily smoking for CVD. Methods Harmonized data from MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) and Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomaCaRE) consortia were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs; 95% CI) and PAFs for incident CVD (myocardial infarction or coronary death, unstable angina, cardiac revascularization, ischemic stroke). PAFs for single risk factors or any combination of them were estimated using methods by Laaksonen 2011. Results We included 150,190 participants (77,801 men and 72,389 women) without CVD at baseline. Strongest associations were seen for SBP ≥160 mmHg (HR 1.79, 1.67–1.92 men; HR 1.93, 1.75–2.14 women), diabetes (HR 2.02, 1.86–2.20 men; HR 2.29, 2.06–2.55 women), non-HDL-C ≥220 mg/dL (HR 3.11, 2.49–3.88 men; HR 2.27, 1.68–3.05 women), daily smoking (HR 1.82, 1.73–1,90 men; HR 2.16, 2.0–2.33 women). Table 1 provides PAFs for incident CVD. Overall PAFs for men and women were 73.7% (67.7–79.1) and 73.3% (64.9–80.9). Table 1. PAFs (%) for 5-year incident CVD Risk factor/category PAFs (95% CI), men PAFs (95% CI), women Underweight 0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) 0.2 (−0.1, 0.6) Pre-obesity 6.6 (4.3, 8.9) 4.3 (1.5, 6.9) Obesity 3.9 (2.7, 5.3) 8.0 (5.3, 10.5) SBP 130 to <140 mmHg 2.8 (1.7, 4.0) 2.7 (1.3, 4.0) SBP 140 to <160 mmHg 9.7 (8.1, 11.3) 9.3 (6.7, 11.6) SBP ≥160 mmHg 11.3 (9.7, 12.8) 18.9 (16.2, 21.8) Diabetes 5.2 (4.5, 6.2) 7.8 (6.5, 9.4) non-HDL-C 100 to <145 mg/dL 4.3 (1.8, 6.4) 3.3 (0.5, 6.5) non-HDL-C 145 to <185 mg/dL 13.9 (9.8, 17.5) 11.3 (6.0, 16.2) non-HDL-C 185 to <220 mg/dL 15.8 (12.8, 18.4) 12.8 (8.8, 17.0) non-HDL-C ≥220 mg/dL 16.7 (14.6, 18.5) 17.0 (12.5, 21.1) Daily smoking 16.5 (15.0, 18.3) 12.3 (10.7, 13.7) The N CVD events/N used was 8,302/77,801 for men and 4,071/72,389 for women. Conclusion Uncontrolled risk factors, especially non-HDL-C and SBP in the highest category, daily smoking and diabetes had the highest impact for incident CVD. All risk factors combined accounted for a PAF of 73%. Targeting risk factors would lead to a substantial reduction of CVD onset. Acknowledgement/Funding BiomarCaRE: EU Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), No. HEALTH-F2-2011-278913. MORGAM: EU FP 7 CHANCES (HEALTH-F3-2010-242244).

scholarly journals Treating Restless Legs Syndrome Was Associated With Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study With 3.4 Years of Follow‐Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Djibril M. Ba ◽  
Kanika Bagai ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Chaoran Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Age And Sex

Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it remains unknown whether treatment of RLS lowers the cardiovascular risk associated with RLS. Methods and Results All data were collected retrospectively, but subjects were prospectively followed forward in time to determine outcomes of interest. We used the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2014. Participants were 169 393 individuals, which included 24 199 nonpregnant participants with an RLS diagnosis (16 694 receiving treatments for RLS and 7505 without treatment) during 2006 to 2008 and 145 194 age‐ and sex‐matched participants without RLS. All participants were free of CVD before January 1, 2009 (analysis baseline). Incident CVD cases (myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure) were identified. We adjusted for potential confounders, such as presence of chronic conditions and medication use. We identified 16 574 incident CVD cases during 2009 to 2014. Relative to the non‐RLS group, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for future CVD was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.20–1.32) ( P <0.001) for the RLS with treatment group, and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.42–1.65) ( P <0.001) for the RLS without treatment group. Significant lower CVD risk was observed for all different RLS treatments, including dopaminergics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and opiates (adjusted HRs range, 0.71‐0.84; P <0.001 for all), except for ergot‐dopamine use. Conclusions RLS was associated with higher future CVD risk. However, RLS was associated with statistically significantly less future cardiovascular risk in RLS patients with treatment than in those without treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Wine and Tyrosol on the Lipid Metabolic Profile of Subjects at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Cardioprotective Role of Ceramides

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679
Author(s):  
Jose Rodríguez-Morató ◽  
Anna Boronat ◽  
Gabriele Serreli ◽  
Laura Enríquez ◽  
Alex Gomez-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

Ceramides are a class of sphingolipids which have recently been shown to be better cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk predictors than traditional CVD risk biomarkers. Tyrosol (TYR) is a dietary phenolic compound known to possess cardioprotective effects per se or through its in vivo active metabolite hydroxytyrosol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the co-administration of white wine (WW) and TYR on circulating levels of ceramides and other lipids in humans at high CVD risk. Volunteers underwent a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial (4-week duration per intervention) with three different interventions: control, WW, and WW enriched with a capsule of TYR (WW + TYR). Endothelial function cardiovascular biomarkers and plasma lipidomic profile were assessed before and after each intervention. It was found that the WW + TYR intervention resulted in lower levels of three ceramide ratios, associated with an improvement of endothelial function (Cer C16:0/Cer C24:0, Cer C18:0/Cer C24:0, and Cer C24:1/Cer C24:0), when compared to the control intervention. Moreover, WW + TYR was able to minimize the alterations in plasma diacylglycerols concentrations observed following WW. Overall, the results obtained show that the antioxidant TYR administered with WW exerts beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level, in part by modulating blood lipid profile.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Nikbakhtian ◽  
Angus B Reed ◽  
Bernard Dillon Obika ◽  
Davide Morelli ◽  
Adam C Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Onset Timing ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Aims Growing evidence suggests that poor sleep health is associated with cardiovascular risk. However, research in this area often relies upon recollection dependent questionnaires or diaries. Accelerometers provide an alternative tool for measuring sleep parameters objectively. This study examines the association between wrist-worn accelerometer-derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and results We derived sleep onset and waking up time from accelerometer data collected from 103 712 UK Biobank participants over a period of 7 days. From this, we examined the association between sleep onset timing and CVD incidence using a series of Cox proportional hazards models. A total of 3172 cases of CVD were reported during a mean follow-up period of 5.7 (±0.49) years. An age- and sex-controlled base analysis found that sleep onset time of 10:00 p.m.–10:59 p.m. was associated with the lowest CVD incidence. An additional model, controlling for sleep duration, sleep irregularity, and established CVD risk factors, did not attenuate this association, producing hazard ratios of 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.39; P &lt; 0.005), 1.12 (1.01–1.25; P= 0.04), and 1.25 (1.02–1.52; P= 0.03) for sleep onset &lt;10:00 p.m., 11:00 p.m.–11:59 p.m., and ≥12:00 a.m., respectively, compared to 10:00 p.m.–10:59 p.m. Importantly, sensitivity analyses revealed this association with increased CVD risk was stronger in females, with only sleep onset &lt;10:00 p.m. significant for males. Conclusions Our findings suggest the possibility of a relationship between sleep onset timing and risk of developing CVD, particularly for women. We also demonstrate the potential utility of collecting information about sleep parameters via accelerometry-capable wearable devices, which may serve as novel cardiovascular risk indicators.

Abstract MP27: Saturated Fat Intake From Dairy Sources Is Associated With Reduced Cardiovascular Risk In Framingham Offspring Study Women

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjie Yuan ◽  
Richard Pickering ◽  
Martha Singer ◽  
Lynn L Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Diet Records

Introduction: While saturated fat (SFA) intake has long been considered as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), some evidence in recent years has called these findings into question. There is limited evidence examining the separate effects of SFAs from different food sources on cardiovascular risk. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine whether higher (vs. lower) intakes of SFA from dairy and non-dairy sources were associated with risk of incident cardiovascular disease. Methods: Data from 1991 adults, ages 30 and older, who were free of CVD at the time of baseline dietary assessment in the prospective Framingham Offspring Study were included in these analyses. Dairy and non-dairy SFA was assessed using 3-day diet records at exams 3 and 5; intakes were adjusted for body weight using the residual method. Subjects were followed from exam 5 to exam 9 for CVD events (median follow-up 16.9 years). Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for confounding by sex, age, BMI, physical activity, smoking (pack-years), non-dairy SFA (in dairy SFA models, and vice versa for non-dairy models), and time dependent occurrence of hypertension or use of lipid-lowering medications. Results: Subjects were classified into 3 categories of sex-specific intake of dairy SFA (<9, 9-<13, and ≥13 g/day for men; <6, 6-<9, ≥9 g/day for women) and non-dairy SFA (<15, 15-<18 and ≥18 g/day for men; <12, 12-<15, and ≥15 g/day for women). Women with moderate (vs. low) and high (vs. low) dairy SFA intakes had 56% (95% CI: 0.27-0.71) and 20% (95% CI: 0.56-1.14) lower CVD risks, respectively, while women consuming high (vs. low) non-dairy SFA had 22% (CI: 0.52-1.16) lower risks. Neither dairy-based SFA nor non-dairy SFA intake was associated with CVD occurrence in men. To determine whether the combined effects of SFA from dairy and non-dairy sources were associated with CVD risk, we cross-classified SFA intakes from the two sources (i.e., high/low dairy SFA intake: <9 vs. ≥9 g/day for men, <6 vs ≥6 g/day for women; high/low non-dairy SFA intake: <15 vs. ≥15 g/day for both men & women). Overall, subjects with higher intakes of dairy SFA combined with lower intakes of non-dairy SFA had the lowest risks of CVD (HR:0.73; 95% CI: 0.54-0.98). These effects were stronger in women (HR:0.60; 95% CI: 0.41-0.88), and non-statistically significant in men (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.54-1.43). Women with higher combined intakes of SFA from both dairy and non-dairy sources still had 44% lower risks of CVD. However, higher intakes of SFA from non-dairy sources alone was not associated with CVD risk in either men or women. Conclusions: Saturated fats derived from dairy sources were associated with a reduced risk of incident CVD in women. For both men and women, those who had higher intakes of dairy-derived SFA combined with lower intakes of non-dairy SFA tended to have lower risks of CVD than those with lower intakes of SFA from both sources.

scholarly journals Relationship between estimated cardiovascular disease risk and insulin resistance in a black African population living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Raoul Noumegni ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna ◽  
Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor epse Nkegoum ◽  
Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽  
Felix K Assah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases are growing concerns among patients with HIV infection as a consequence of the improving survival of this population. We aimed to assess the relationship between CVD risk and insulin resistance in a group of black African individuals with HIV infection.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved patients with HIV infection aged 30–74 years and followed up at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Absolute CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham and the DAD CVD risk equations while the HOMA-IR index was used to assess insulin resistance (index ≥2.1).ResultsA total of 452 patients (361 women; 80%) were screened. The mean age was 44.4 years and most of the respondents were on antiretroviral therapy (88.5%). The median 5-year cardiovascular risk was 0.7% (25th−75th percentiles: 0.2–2.0) and 0.6% (0.3–1.3) according to the Framingham and DAD equations respectively. Of all participants, 47.3% were insulin resistant. The Framingham equation derived absolute CVD risk was significantly associated with insulin resistance; while no linear association was found using the DAD equation.ConclusionThe relationship between cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance in black African patients with HIV infection seems to depend on the cardiovascular risk equation used.

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