Healthcare Services in Developing Countries of the South Asian Region

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Shah ◽  
Areej Fatemah Meghji ◽  
Naeem A. Mahoto
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Integrated Healthcare ◽  
Supporting Tool ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Education Business

The rapid growth in information technology (IT) has reshaped traditional infrastructure in several application domains including education, business, and health. Access to patient information, specifically, is vital for effective functioning of a healthcare system; the unavailability of such medical information leads to management issues. IT is no longer perceived as just a supporting tool; it is a tactical necessity for establishing an integrated healthcare infrastructure. Developed nations benefit from the use of modern technology within healthcare to maximize life expectancy and decrease disease. This chapter presents an overview of healthcare conditions of south Asia region. A framework is presented that embeds IT within the healthcare system. The proposed framework has potential to not only restructure but also remove many errors that plague healthcare system. In addition, key problems within the healthcare sector of south Asian countries—Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri-Lanka—have been highlighted, and recommendations are proposed to overcome the challenges.

scholarly journals FINANCING AND EFFECTIVENESS OF GEORGIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davit Meparishvili ◽  
◽  
Manana Maridashvili ◽  
Ekaterine Sanikidze ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Care System

Assessing the effectiveness of the Georgian healthcare system in the modern period and conditions, takes into account the results achieved, as well as the main problems that hinder the effective functioning of this important field; At the same time, it is important to develop the main directions of their solution, where we consider the improvement of the state policy-making process during the implementation of reforms in the healthcare sector, which should take into account the state of health of the population, quality of healthcare services, results, health care; furthermore disease prevention, equality, financial provision, access to health care, efficiency, rational allocation of health care system resources and other key features of the health care system.

scholarly journals Patient Monitoring System with Miniaturization of Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Alert Message ◽  
Remote Healthcare

The quality of human life has improved with the technological advancement and miniaturization of sensors. Healthcare sector has adopted the new technology with the results of related research. Still, healthcare services are not easily affordable in developing countries. This paper aims to reduce the expenses of healthcare system through designing a remote healthcare system comprising of three modules. The first module deals with detection of patient’s vitals using sensors. Second module is to collect and analyze the data and can be sent back to the doctor or guardian through Email and/or SMS alerts in case of any emergencies using Arduino. Third module implemented by K nearest neighbor classification algorithm is used to make runtime decisions if the alert message is not answered by doctors. By implementing these three modules, we achieved a better results in prediction and accuracy than the Attribute based credential and Amrita IoT-based Medical.

scholarly journals Antecedents and Contextual Factors Affecting Occupational Turnover among Registered Nurses in Public Hospitals in Hong Kong: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3834
Author(s):  
Maria S. Y. Hung ◽  
Stanley K. K. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Global increases in both population size and ageing have led to a drastic expansion in the demand for healthcare services. The shortage of nursing workforce capacity continues, posing immense challenges for the global healthcare system. We aimed to identify the antecedents and contextual factors that contribute to the decisions of occupational turnover from the clinical duties of registered nurses in public hospitals in Hong Kong. A qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. A total of 18 registered nurses who had resigned from public hospitals in Hong Kong and changed their occupations were recruited via convenience and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured, and face-to-face interviews and were analyzed according to the content analysis approach. The antecedents and contextual factors that contributed to the registered nurses’ decisions regarding occupational turnover were identified from the collected data. These factors were classified into three overarching categories: (1) job dissatisfaction due to a tense work environment, (2) low motivation due to limited career opportunities, and (3) inadequate communication due to ineffective leadership. The identification of these antecedents and contextual factors could help healthcare service providers to develop strategies to enhance nurses’ commitment and engagement in their positions and eventually improve their retention. Based on these factors, healthcare sector policy makers could consider incorporating appropriate strategies into healthcare system policy.

Understanding the impacts of NPM and proposed solutions to the healthcare system reforms in Indonesia: the case of BPJS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Erniaty Erniaty ◽  
Harun Harun
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Insurance Programme

Abstract This study critically evaluates the adoption of a universal healthcare system recently introduced by the Indonesian government in 2014. Our study is driven by the lack of critical analysis of social and political factors and unintended consequences of New Public Management, which is evident in the healthcare sector reforms in emerging economies. This study not only examines the impact of economic and political forces surrounding the introduction of a universal health insurance programme in the country but also offers insights into the critical challenges and undesirable outcomes of a fundamental reform of the healthcare sector in Indonesia. Through a systematic and detailed review of prior studies, legal sources and reports from government and media organizations about the implementation and progress of an UHC health insurance programme in Indonesia, the authors find that a more democratic political system that emerged in 1998 created the opportunity for politicians and international financial aid agencies to introduce a universal social security administration agency called Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Despite the introduction of BPJS to expand the health services’ coverage, this effort faces critical challenges and unintended outcomes including: (1) increased financial deficits, (2) resistance from medical professionals and (3) politicians’ tendency to blame BPJS’s management for failing to pay healthcare services costs. We argue that the adoption of the insurance system was primarily motivated by politicians’ own interests and those of international agencies at the expense of a sustainable national healthcare system. This study contributes to the healthcare industry policy literature by showing that a poorly designed UHC system could and will undermine the core values of healthcare services. It will also threaten the sustainability of the medical profession in Indonesia. The authors offer several suggestions for devising better policies in this sector in the developing nations.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Introducing New Public Management to Kosovo’s Healthcare Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Robert Muharremi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Successful Implementation

The paper outlines the current healthcare sector reform process in Kosovo and the challenges to its implementation. The reform attempts to introduce modern public management principles into Kosovo’s healthcare sector, including a purchaser–provider split, performance incentives, and performance-based contracting, as well as a reorganisation of healthcare service delivery with a view to improving effectiveness and efficiency. This is the first major reform of the healthcare sector since Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it intends to replace the healthcare system established by the United Nations between 1999 and 2008. Kosovo’s earlier healthcare system had been characterised by decentralised decision-making, but was re-established by the UN in the form of an emergency healthcare system after the UN was deployed to administer Kosovo in 1999. The reform envisages separating healthcare regulators from healthcare providers and healthcare purchasers. Kosovo Hospital and University Clinical Services is established as a new entity providing healthcare services, and a new Health Insurance Fund will become the healthcare purchaser. The Ministry of Health will be restricted to the functions of a regulator, divested of all administrative functions in favour of healthcare providers and purchasers. A major challenge lies in the limited capacities of the Kosovo Government to implement such an ambitious reform. This is also an attempt to introduce modern public management principles into a public administration which is dominated by traditional public administration principles. Lack of implementation capacities and contradictory public administration principles are the most important factors that may endanger the successful implementation of the reform.

scholarly journals Provision of population of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with medical personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Tatiana E. Burtseva ◽  
V. V. Arzhakova ◽  
N. M. Gogolev ◽  
N. I. Douglas ◽  
E. A. Borisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
National Project ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The Republic ◽  
General Provision ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Objective. To analyze the provision of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with medical personnel. Materials and methods. The article presents an analysis of the human resources of the healthcare of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 20002020. The main trends in the medical personnel provision of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are determined according to the data of the Yakut Republican Medical Information and Analytical Center. Results. The personnel resource of healthcare is its fundamental component. The problem of providing the population with medical personnel is one of the key factors in the socio-economic development of the regions, especially the regions of the Arctic zone of Russia. The national project "Healthcare" includes the federal project "Providing Medical Organizations of the Healthcare system with Qualified Personnel". The key goal of the national project on staffing the medical service is to achieve almost full staffing of doctors and nurses in healthcare institutions. The article analyzes the provision of the population with medical personnel in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period 2017-2019. In dynamics, there is an increase in the indicator of providing the population with doctors and nurses in general; provision with therapeutists and pediatricians in the primary healthcare sector is growing. The article describes the qualification characteristics of medical personnel in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Conclusions. The indicators of the provision of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with medical personnel according to official reports of the Ministry of Health of the RS (Y) are higher than the average in Russia. This is due to the territorial, logistical characteristics, features of the network and healthcare system of the region.

Clinical presentation of multiple myeloma by race/ethnicity and Asian subgroup in an integrated healthcare system.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20012-e20012
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmed Khan ◽  
Raleigh Ayoolu Fatoki ◽  
Diane M. Carpenter ◽  
Joan C. Lo ◽  
David M. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Integrated Healthcare ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Race Ethnicity

e20012 Background: Several US studies have evaluated ethnic differences in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but few have focused on populations other than non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks. We examined ethnic differences in a contemporary cohort of MM patients and their presenting laboratory findings in a large, insured, community-based population, including findings across Asian American subgroups. Methods: Using the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Cancer Registry, we identified all new cases of MM from 2010-2018 and obtained data on age, sex, race/ethnicity, Asian subgroup, and presenting hemoglobin, calcium, and estimated renal function (eGFR derived from serum creatinine) from health plan databases. Moderate to severe anemia was defined by hemoglobin <10 g/dL, hypercalcemia by calcium >11 mg/dL, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) by eGFR: stage 3 (eGFR 30-59) and stages 4-5 (eGFR <30). MM incidence was estimated using membership denominators. Results: There were 2224 new MM cases (mean age 68y, 60% male) in 2010-2018, with an annual MM incidence of 7.9-9.8/100,000. Table 1 compares presentation by race/ethnicity. Non-Whites (45%) were more likely to present at age <65 than non-Hispanic Whites (30%, p<0.01). Black (43%) and Asian (39%) adults were more likely to present with hemoglobin <10 g/dL than non-Hispanic Whites (27%, p<0.01); Black adults were more likely to present with hemoglobin <10 g/dL than Hispanic adults (31%, p=0.02). Among the primary Asian subgroups, proportions with hemoglobin <10 g/dL were 38% (East Asian), 43% (Filipino), and 45% (South Asian). Blacks were more likely to present with CKD stage 4-5 (19.5%) than other races/ethnicities (p=0.04); differences between White vs non-White or Asian vs non-Asian were not significant. In Asians, 12.7% (South Asian) and 19.0% (Filipino, East Asian) presented with CKD 4-5. Asians were least likely to present with hypercalcemia (6.7%, p=0.03), and this was similar for Asian subgroups. Conclusions: We observed ethnic differences in MM presentation in a large integrated healthcare system. Blacks were more likely to have CKD stage 4-5 and hemoglobin <10 g/dL than non-Hispanic Whites. Asians were more likely to have CKD stage 4-5 than non-Hispanic Whites but least likely to have hypercalcemia. This is one of the first studies to identify Asian subgroups and examine variation across East Asians, Filipinos, and South Asians. Analyses examining ethnic differences in survival among MM patients are in progress.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Newly Arrived South Asian Students’ Experience with the Canadian Healthcare System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Inderpreet Khunkhun ◽  
Bonnie Fournier
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
The City

In this article, we report on the experiences of newly arrived South Asian international students (undergraduate and graduate levels) with accessing healthcare services in a small town setting in British Columbia, Canada. The objective of the study was to better understand the barriers and facilitators of accessing healthcare services. We used a qualitative design with an exploratory approach and conducted 8 semi-structured interviews with South Asians students that had newly arrived in the city of Kamloops and had been enrolled at Thompson Rivers University (TRU) for less than 12 months. Findings included barriers such as needing more information during on campus orientation, inefficiencies of the healthcare system, and accessing healthcare service. Facilitators of accessing healthcare services included attending campus orientation, having a curiosity, and a social support system. These findings provide new knowledge regarding the barriers and facilitators of accessing healthcare in Canada. In order to better meet the needs of international students programs and services must be tailored to this unique group of students.

Approaches to Telemedicine

2011 ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Aurelio Medina-Garrido ◽  
María José Crisóstomo-Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Personal Contact

Information technologies have become essential for most businesses, including those in the healthcare industry (Chau & Hu, 2004; Rodger & Pendharkar, 2000). Information technologies can improve both the delivery of the healthcare service and certain aspects of healthcare centers’ administration. There has been a proliferation of information systems applied to the health sector, such as hospital information systems, medical decision-support systems, systems for interpreting medical tests and images, expert systems based on the handling of medical knowledge, or telemedicine (Rao, 2001). Etymologically, the term telemedicine means medicine from a distance. This concept can include something as simple as two healthcare professionals debating the case of a patient by telephone, or as complex as conducting the diagnosis of a patient remotely using videoconference. Telemedicine implies that there is an exchange of information, without personal contact, between two physicians or between a physician and a patient. Thanks to telecommunications technologies, telemedicine enables the provision of healthcare services or the exchange of healthcare information across geographic, temporal, social, and cultural barriers (Chau & Hu, 2004). Telemedicine makes use of a wide range of technologies to overcome distances, such as radio, analog landlines, e-mail, the Internet, ISDN, satellites,telesensors, and so forth, for the transmission of medical information, (data, voice, and video) and provision of medical services from a distance. With regard to the transmission of medical information, this includes the digital handling of patient information (for example, from their electronic medical records), or the transfer of images (such as radiographs, high-resolution medical images, computer tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging pictures, ultrasound images, electrocardiograms or echocardiograms, video images of endoscopic cameras, etc.) or sounds (for example, from electronic stethoscopes) (Rao, 2001). With regard to the provision of remote medical services, specialist physicians can see their patients in consultation, conduct medical examinations, arrive at a diagnosis and prescribe treatment, all without needing to be in actual physical contact with them. The essence of telemedicine is to move the medical knowledge and experience rather than move the patient physically. For this, telemedicine involves rather more than just taking medical services to where they did not exist before. It has also become a practice of transmitting and handling knowledge. It enables medical practitioners to exchange their knowledge (Robinson, Savage & Campbell, 2003) so that others can apply it in specific situations. We should not confuse telemedicine with e-health (or tele-health). Telemedicine only refers to the provision of medical services. E-health, on the other hand, refers to both medical services and any other type of service, as long as it has something to do with health and employs information technology. In this respect, e-health would also include healthcare educational activities, research in the health sciences, the handling of electronic files in the healthcare system, and any other use of information technologies in the healthcare system. The rest of this article is organized as follows. The second section discusses the antecedents of telemedicine, and proposes two taxonomies, one in function of the temporal synchronization of the individuals using it, and the other in function of the medical specialty for which it is employed. The third section tries to identify the obstacles in the way of an adequate acceptance and development of telemedicine. Before the conclusions section, section four suggests some future trends, including what technologies are most in use at present and which ones are promising for the future.

Policy Review: Dubai Health Authority’s COVID-19 Rapid Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (Special) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World

Dubai Health Authority (DHA) is the entity regulating the healthcare sector in the Emirate of Dubai, ensuring high quality and safe healthcare services delivery to the population. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020, indicating to the world that further infection spread is very likely, and alerting countries that they should be ready for possible widespread community transmission. The first case of COVID-19 in the United Arab Emirates was confirmed on 29th of January 2020; since then, the number of cases has continued to grow exponentially. As of 8th of July 2020 (end of the day), 53,045 cases of coronavirus have been confirmed with a death toll of 327 cases. The UAE has conducted over 3,720,000 COVID-19 tests among UAE citizens and residents over the past four months, in line with the government’s plans to strengthen virus screening to contain the spread of COVID-19. There were vital UAE policies, laws, regulations, and decrees that have been announced for immediate implementation to limit the spread of COVID- 19, to prevent panic and to ensure the overall food, nutrition, and well-being are provided. The UAE is amongst the World’s Top 10 for COVID-19 Treatment Efficiency and in the World’s Top 20 for the implementation of COVID-19 Safety measures. The UAE’s mission is to work towards resuming life after COVID-19 and enter into the recovery phases. This policy research paper will discuss the Dubai Health Authority’s rapid response initiatives towards combating the control and spread of COVID-19 and future policy implications and recommendations. The underlying factors and policy options will be discussed in terms of governance, finance, and delivery.

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