Technology of Managing Reactions of Biological Objects at Anthropogenically Transformed Territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-292
Author(s):  
Maria Belitskaya ◽  
Irina Gribust ◽  
Elena Nefed'eva ◽  
Valeriy Drevin ◽  
Soumana Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Impulse Pressure ◽  
Positive Effect

Solving the problem of increasing plant resistance, the development of environmentally-friendly technologies is particularly important, which also contribute to the reduction of resource costs for production and load on the environment. The research results indicate a positive effect from the treatment of plants and seeds with electrochemically activated (ECA) water, electric fields, and impulse pressure (IP). Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with ECA water increases the germination rate and seed germination energy, improves the development of plants, improves morphological parameters, etc. The reactions of economically dangerous pests and causative agents of infectious plant diseases to the use of ECA water are identified. The combination of pre-sowing seed treatment with the treatment of vegetative plants provides the highest possible result.

scholarly journals Suggestions on increasing the germination seeds of pasture fodder plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04033
Author(s):  
Bakhadir Mirzaev ◽  
Farmon Mamatov ◽  
Bakhtiyor Tulaganov ◽  
Amir Sadirov ◽  
Rustam Khudayqulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Positive Effect

One of the problems in the seed production of pasture forage plants is low seed germination. Existing pasture improvement technologies and technical means for seed production, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and storage of pasture forage plants are analysed. Suggestions for improving seed germination have been developed: it is advisable to place the seed crops between the forest belts; to improve seed germination, it is necessary to make a preliminary harvest of seed crops with spreading the mass on the stubble; the mechanised collection of seed heaps using a rotary mower with an active heap separator increases the germination rate by reducing mechanical damage to the seeds and enriching the soil with organic matter; the seed sowing process has a positive effect on the germination rate of the seed produced, in addition to reducing cleaning costs.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Composts Prepared from Various Organic Wastes Based on Biological and Chemical Parameters

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Monika Jakubus
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Positive Effect

One of the principles of the circular economy requires the effective recycling of organic waste, especially since its volume is increasing from year to year. Therefore, one of the best solutions to solve this problem is the composting of organic waste. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of 10 different composts in terms of their quality. The composts varied with regard to waste materials used for composting, the adopted composting method, and the degree of compost maturity. Both biological (seed germination rate and intensity of plant root growth) and chemical methods (contents of macro- and micronutrients, presence of heavy metals, as well as the quality and quantity of humus compounds) were applied to evaluate the fertilisers, providing comprehensive characteristics of individual composts. It was found that composts prepared on the basis of sewage sludge had the highest contents of macro- and micronutrients as well as heavy metals. In addition, these composts contained the greatest amounts of humic substances, although these were of low quality. These composts also strongly inhibited seed germination and plant root growth. The least desirable chemical composition was found for the composts based on yard trimmings and household wastes prepared in home composters. These composts contained good quality humus compounds and had a positive effect on seed germination and plant root growth.

scholarly journals Effect of light quality on Tabebuia rosea seed germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Sofía Basto ◽  
Claudia Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Tabebuia Rosea ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Effect Of Light ◽  
Peak Value

Tabebuia rosea germination capacity and rate have been examined under light and dark conditions. However, seeds responses to light quality, in particular to short and mid-wavelengths, are not well known. We hypothesized that short wavelengths would have a positive effect on rosea germination. The effects of short, mid and long-wavelengths on germination capacity, rate (germination rate index, germination rate R50, a devised index of germination rate R50´ and peak value), mean daily germination and germination value were evaluated. Light quality had little effect on germination capacity; it was reduced only in darkness. Seeds under short and mid-wavelengths germinated faster (germination rate) than under any other light treatments. We concluded that althoughlt T. rosea seeds respond to all light quality treatments, the short and mid-wavelengths are the cue for increasing germination speed. For synchronizing germination, short and mid-wavelengths transmitted by red cellophane paper can be used as a pre-germinative treatment for restoration and silvicultural purposes.

scholarly journals SOWING QUALITIES OF SEEDS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NON-NARCOTIC VARIETY OF HEMP DEPENDING ON PRE-PLANTING CULTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Бакулова ◽  
И.И. Плужникова ◽  
Н.В. Криушин
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Positive Effect

Представлены результаты изучения влияния предпосевной обработки семян на растения конопли посевной с целью совершенствования технологии возделывания. Применение изучаемых препаратов положительно действовало на энергию прорастания, всхожесть и урожайность растений. В лабораторных условиях отмечено достоверное увеличение всхожести семян при применении препаратов Альбит, ТПС и Биокомплекс БТУ на 5,0 и 7,2 % на сорте Вера, при применении препаратов ТМТД, ВСК и Биокомплекс БТУ – на 5,2 и 5,0 % соответственно на сорте Надежда. В полевых условиях показатель всхожести увеличивался по сравнению с контролем на 4,2-5,6 % у сорта Вера и на 1,8-8,5 % у сорта Надежда. За годы исследований урожайность семян конопли посевной в результате применения протравителей по всем вариантам опыта изменялась на сорте Вера в пределах 0,78-0,96 т/га и 0,66-0,84 т/га на сорте Надежда. Наибольшая прибавка урожайности на сорте Вера отмечена на вариантах с предпосевной обработкой семян препаратами Бункер, ВСК, Лигногумат и Альбит, ТПС. На сорте Надежда установлена максимальная урожайность семян на вариантах с обработкой препаратами Бенорад, СП, Бункер, ВСК и Альбит, ТПС, прибавка урожайности составила 0,16-0,18 т/га или 24,2-27,3 % к контролю. This work presents the results of studying the influence of pre-planting seed cultivation on hemp plants in order to improve the cultivation technology. The implementation of the studied drugs had a positive effect on the germinating power, germination and yield of plants. In laboratory conditions there was a significant increase in seed germination when using drugs Albit, TPS (liquid paste) and BTU Biocomplex 5.0 and 7.2 % for the variety Vera in the use of drugs TMTD, VSK and BTU Biocomplex – 5.2 and 5.0 %, respectively in the variety Nadezhda. In the field conditions, the germination rate increased by 4.2-5.6 % in the Vera variety and 1.8-8.5 % in the Nadezhda variety compared to the control. Over the years of research, the yield of hemp seeds, as a result of the use of disinfectants for all options of the experiment, changed on the Vera variety in the range of 0.78-0.96 t/ha and 0.66-0.84 t/ha on the Nadezhda variety. The greatest increase in yield on the Vera variety was noted in the options with pre-planting cultivation of seeds with Bunker, VSK, Lignohumate and Albit, TPS. On the Nadezhda variety, the maximum yield of seeds was set on options with cultivation with Benorad, SP, Bunker, VSK and Albit, TPS, the yield increase was 0.16-0.18 t/ha or 24.2-27.3 % to control.

scholarly journals Application and use of sulphuric acid pretreatment to improve seed germination of three acacia species

REFORESTA ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdenour Kheloufi ◽  
Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri ◽  
Faiza Zineb Boukhatem
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Positive Effect

The experiments were led to study the effect of pretreatments and their duration on germination behavior of three Acacia species A. cyanophylla Lindl., A. farnesiana L. and A. decurrens Willd. by analyzing three parameters (GP: germination percentage; MGT: germination mean time (days) and GRI: germination rate index) for various times of incubation (5, 10 and 15 days) in Petri dishes. Pre-sowing treatment included immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid for 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The sowing in distilled water (Control) had no positive effect on the germination induction. Generally, the seed pretreatments were very useful to improve germination. Time of immersion significantly (P < 0.0001) affected GP, MGT and GRI in all species. Increasing the duration of sulphuric acid immersion (from 60 to 120 min) improved the germination percentages for A. cyanophylla and A. farnesiana seeds to (98% and 99%), respectively. However, increasing this duration had a negative effect on A. decurrens seed germination, reducing the final germination percentage from 97% at 60 minutes of immersion to 43% at 120 minutes.

scholarly journals Single and Combined Salinity and Heat Stresses Impact Yield and Dead Pericarp Priming Activity

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Bupur Swetha ◽  
Jeevan R. Singiri ◽  
Nurit Novoplansky ◽  
Rohith Grandhi ◽  
Jansirani Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Priming Activity ◽  
Positive Effect

In the face of climate change and the predicted increase in the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses (e.g., hot spell, salinity), we sought to investigate the effect of salinity (S), short episodes of high temperature (HS) and combination of salinity and high temperature (SHS), at the reproductive phase, on yield with a special focus on the properties of dead pericarps of Brassica juncea. Three interval exposures to HS resulted in massive seed abortion, and seeds from salt-treated plants germinated poorly. Germination rate and final germination of B. juncea seeds were slightly reduced in the presence of salt and SHS pericarp extracts. All pericarp extracts completely inhibited seed germination of tomato and Arabidopsis, but removal of pericarp extracts almost fully restored seed germination. Heat and salinity profoundly affected the accumulation of phytohormones in dead pericarps. Combined stresses highly reduced IAA and ABA levels compared with salt, and enhanced the accumulation of GA1, but abolished the positive effect of salt on the accumulation of GA4, JA and SA. Interestingly, pericarp extracts displayed priming activity and significantly affected seedling performance in a manner dependent on the species and on the origin of the pericarp. While control pericarps improved and reduced the seedlings’ performance of autologous and heterologous species, respectively, pericarps from salt-treated plants were harmless or improved heterologous seedling performance. Thus, the strategy employed by the germinating seed for securing resources is set up, at least partly, by the mother plant in conjunction with the maternal environment whose components are stored in the dead maternal organs enclosing the embryo.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus var. Arka Anamika)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Anuj Lamichhane ◽  
Mamata K.C. ◽  
Manisha Shrestha ◽  
Binaya Baral
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seed Hardness ◽  
Positive Effect

Seed priming is an effective, eco-friendly method to promote seed germination and seedling vigor of okra to overcome the reduced and delayed germination in fresh or stored okra seeds caused by seed hardness. An experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of different priming on okra seeds germination and seedling vigor using Arka Anamika variety at Horticulture lab of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Investigation was carried out with 6 treatments (T1: seed priming with tap water, T2: seed priming with 200ppm NAA solution, T3: seed priming with 10% PEG-200 solution, T4: seed priming with 200ppm GA3 solution, T5: seed priming with 5% Trichoderma solution and T6 no priming) with 4 replications in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Seeds primed with T1 to T5 were soaked for 24 hours and shade dried for 6 hours before sowing. Priming with T4 was found to be best in terms of maximum seed germination (60.12%), seed vigor index (5772.68 cm), mean germination rate (7.53 seeds per day). The highest shoot length (81.40 mm) was observed at T1 whereas enhancement of root length occurred with the priming with T3. All treatments had a significant positive effect on all the germination parameters in comparison to control. The study concluded that GA3 priming enhanced germination as well as seed vigor in okra and hydro priming and tricho-priming can be used as an alternative to GA3 priming among farmers in Nepal.

scholarly journals Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination of Crop Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Almutairi ◽  
Amjad Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Plant Diseases

Engineered nanomaterials have increased for their positive impact in improving many sectors of economy including agriculture. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been implicated nowadays to enhance seed germination, plant growth, improvement of photosynthetic quantum efficiency and as antimicrobial agents to manage plant diseases. In this study, we examined effect of AgNPs dosage on seed germination of three plant species; corn (Zea mays L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). Therefore, this experiment designed to study the effect of AgNPs on germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedling for the three spices. Seven concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg/L) of AgNPs were examined at seed germination stage. The results showed that the three spices revealed different dosage response to AgNPs on germination percentage and the measured growth characters. Germination rate values were enhanced for the three plants in response to AgNPs. Significant enhancement in germination percentage values for watermelon and zucchini plants were observed by treatment with AgNPs in comparison with nontreated seeds. AgNPs showed toxic effect on corn roots elongation whereas watermelon and zucchini seedling growth were positively affected by certain concentration of AgNPs. This study showed that exposure to AgNPs caused both positive and negative effects on plant growth and germination.

Positive effect of preparations with antiviral properties on potato productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Kolychikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Chitosan Lactate

In the small-plot experiment of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy against potato viruses in 2014-2019 were tested some kinds of preparations with antiviral activity: Pharmayod, GS (100 g/l of iodine); Immunocytophyte, TAB (20 g/kg arachidonic acid ethyl ester); Ecogel, WS (30 g/l of chitosan lactate); Amulet, TAB (composition of linear polyaminosaccharides (chitosan) in succinic acid solution); Zerox, WS (3000 mg /l colloidal silver); Viron, WS (biostimulant based on urea and citric acid with the addition of essential oils). According to the results of the studies, it was found that, in addition to the effect on the causative agents of viral diseases of potatoes, all tested preparations had a stable tendency to maintain or increase the yield of tubers of infected plants. The increase in the yield of tubers ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 kg/m2. In 2016 under the production conditions of Astrakhan region on the potato variety Impala infected with the PVM + PVS and PVM + PVS + PVY virus complexes a comparative assessment of the effect of Pharmayod and Immunocytophyte revealed a significant increase in the gross and marketable yield of potato plants in the areas with the use of these preparations compared to with control.

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