The Reversal of Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Julia Nevárez
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Technological Artifacts ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
Technological Experience ◽  
Virtual Interactions ◽  
Fluid Interaction

Cities are technological artifacts. Since their massive proliferation during the industrial revolution and their transformation of sites for both physical and virtual connectivity during globalization, cities afford the possibility for propinquity through different interest groups and spaces including the distant-mobile relationships of a society where technology and movement predominates. This chapter will offer an overview of how technology is central to modern development, how technology has been conceptualized, and how virtual development (in terms of both access to the virtual world and the development of the infrastructure to provide this access) is yet another frontier best captured in the notion of technopolis and/or technocity as contextual factors that sustain social technologies. The pervasiveness of technology, the factors that affect the technological experience besides the rhetoric of infallibility and the taken-forgranted delivery of utility and efficiency will also be explored. By looking at the criticisms voiced against urban and virtual development about the loosening of social ties, I argue for a fluid interaction that considers the possibilities for additional and different, if not new social relations, that both physical and virtual interactions afford to urbanites: technosociability. This technosociability should be considered in light of a critical reading of the contextual factors and conditions that support it.

Developing Tools for New Technology Studies: An Anthropological Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
María Santos ◽  
María Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Technological Style ◽  
Technological Artifacts ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Symbolic Processes ◽  
Technological Experience

Anthropology seeks the meanings of standard or repeated behaviors, social processes, or human creations. This is why anthropologists have explored alien and/or distant social settings. What happens when we try to answer the same questions in our own contexts? In other words, how can we use anthropological theories and tools to discover the meaning of the development and adoption of technological artifacts and processes within our own cultural groups? In this article, we suggest that this can be partly achieved through the generation and exchange of theoretical tools. To this end, we propose the concepts of "technical-symbolic trajectories" and "technological style." These have been drawn from our field research and include influences from disciplines other than anthropology. They are then used to generate mid-range explanations to understand: (1) the symbolic processes that, in conjunction with other social, political, and economic forces, shape a specific and identifiable trajectory of technological development and (2) the technical resources, behaviors, and discourses that actors use to achieve the cultural objectives incorporated into any technological experience.

Feel well and do well at work

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cobaleda Cordero ◽  
Maral Babapour ◽  
MariAnne Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Spatial Attributes ◽  
Method Approach

Purpose This paper aims to investigate employee well-being in relation to office landscapes in a post-relocation context. The aims are to identify spatial attributes of the office landscape that influence employee well-being and underlying contextual factors that explain employee well-being post-relocation. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method approach was adopted. The data collection involved 16 semi-structured interviews with employees, an interview with the leading architect of the office renovation, study of a dossier on the renovation project and observations. Findings Most of the informants experienced the new office landscape positively despite few shortcomings. Spatial attributes were identified that influenced the informants’ well-being positively in terms of affects, satisfaction, social relations and environmental mastery. Conversely, negative influences on well-being were also reported regarding affects, satisfaction and environmental mastery. Conflicting views on some of the spatial attributes and contextual factors related to the planning process and the former office landscape were identified. Originality/value The value of this paper lies in investigating the office landscape at the spatial attributes level, despite office type, and their influence on hedonic and eudaimonic components of employee well-being. The research approach adopted proved its usefulness for in-depth studies of the interrelations between office landscapes and employee well-being.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Instability of Standard and Non-standard Employment in Contemporary Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Bobkov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Flexible Employment ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Employment

Precarious employment is becoming more and more widespread in the world and inRussia. It is the destruction of the traditional standard model of employment, labour and social rights of workers to secure and sustainable employment. This is one of the problematic areas of modern social relations, exacerbated by the industrial revolution 4.0, globalization of global relations in all areas and their use in the interests of national and world capital. In the article, the author characterizes the essence of precarious employment and presents the results of a sociological study of precarious employment in a representative group. It allowed expanding the sociological tools of its study and the use of sociological indicators to identify groups of workers in relation to precarious employment. The author also studied the parameters of the specified representative group, clarified the indicators of precarious employment and their quantitative values that identify certain aspects. As a result, the author identified four profiles of contemporary employment inRussia, characterized by increasing signs of precarious employment and gave their comparative characteristics. Further, the author described the differences in socio-demographic, socio-labour and economic characteristics of workers belonging to different profiles of employment. On this basis, the author justified the need to transform labour, civil and other legislation, which would allow more fully using the advantages of standard and flexible employment for employees of various segments of the Russian labour market, ensuring, at the same time, compliance with their labour and social rights.

scholarly journals Analysis of Organizational Readiness towards Library 4.0: A Case Study at X Library

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Astutik Nur Qomariyah ◽  
Eva Mursidah ◽  
Yeni Anita Gonti ◽  
Davi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Organizational Readiness ◽  
Organizational Readiness For Change ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Face ◽  
Almost All

Background of the study: The reality of the inevitability of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era that must be faced by X University and will have an impact on the X Library towards Library 4.0 has become a serious concern at X University. Thus, it is important to conduct a research study on the readiness of the X Library in implementing Library 4.0.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the readiness of the X library to implement Library 4.0 in the face of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 by referring to the TORC (Theory of Organizational Readiness for Change), in terms of five contextual factors- the policies and procedures, past experience, organizational resources (human resources and technological resources), organizational structure, and organizational culture.Method: The research method used this study is mixed methods, which combine quantitative and qualitative approaches.Findings: The results showed that the level of organizational readiness in implementing Library 4.0 is the mean value of 2,60. This showed that the X Library is not ready, and needs some of work to implement Library 4.0Conclusion: Based on the five contextual factors to measure organizational readiness toward Library 4.0, it showed that almost all of them are the level of not ready, but there is one factor that shows it is quite ready- the policies and procedures. The lack of organizational readiness because leadership is an important key related to contextual factors that affect the readiness of Library X towards Library 4.0.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Management in Neplyuev’s Brotherhood: Education Ahead of Time

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
Leonid Hr. Melnyk ◽  
Anzhelika O. Shevel ◽  
Iryna A. Panchenko ◽  
Yevhen O. Skrypka ◽  
Tetiana S. Sierik
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Educational Innovations ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Self Learning

The article examines the foundations of educational innovations in the Krestovozdvszhensk Labor Brotherhood, which was founded by the famous philosopher, landowner and philanthropist N. N. Neplyuev in the 1880s, 30 km to North of Glukhov. It shows the socio-economic successes that the community could achieve in the production and social spheres. Educational innovations, due to which young brothers were brought up, are characterized: the need for constant practical application of innovative technologies and methods of work, reproduction of motives for self-learning and obtaining new knowledge, conditionality of constant decision-making, self-organization and self-government, etc. Methods of organization, social relations, approach to production activities along which the Brotherhood lived, days with the present. In particular, the focus of the Brotherhood's economy on the use of renewable resources and ensuring the sustainable state of adjacent ecosystems brings it closer to the goals and objectives of the Third Industrial Revolution, which is now taking place in the world. The priority of information production in the Brotherhood and its focus on the mechanization of labor processes make it clearer the logics of the modern Fourth Industrial Revolution clearer. And, finally, the invaluable achievement of the brothers is the priority they have achieved of a human personality development. This is what is now becoming essential in the light of the Fifth Industrial Revolution. It is especially noted that the Brotherhood, thanks to its educational system, managed to create a unique reproductive potential, which included: a system of necessary self-reproduction of human personalities; system of reproduction of the most effective use and reproduction of natural capital; system of reproduction of synergetic combination of human, natural and physical capitals.

scholarly journals Social Technologies and Principles of Criminal Justice in the Context of its Digitalization

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
V. I. Przhilenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gradual Transformation

The paper analyzes the problems that arise in the process of digitalization of criminal proceedings, when its organizers are forced to organize the interaction of social and computer technologies, the joint development and application of which become inevitable in modern conditions. The basic concepts of social technologies theory that were originally developed as a means of organizing human activities, with criminal justice system being only one of them, are interpreted in a new way. The main contexts of application of "social technology" concept, as well as the significance of social technologies in the formulation of principles and achieving the goals of criminal proceedings are studied. The author defines a special type of social technologies, humanitarian technologies in the paper, and analyzes the relevance of this type of technology in the system of principles of criminal procedure. The author substantiates the need to distinguish between the theoretical and technological aspects of compliance with the principles of criminal justice, which allows us to reconstruct the entire system of goal-setting impact on people’s actions and social relations through the development and application of social technologies. The concept of gradual transformation of society through the use of social engineering, put forward by K. Popper, is analyzed in detail. The role of the theoretical distinction between methodological essentialism and methodological nominalism (antirealism) is reconstructed. The ideological and political contextualization of the theory of social technologies, which dominates in modern social science, is subjected to critical analysis. The author examines the ontological assumptions and methodological guidelines proposed by K. Popper for the approval of his socio-technological doctrine. The author identifies and describes the specifics of the use of social technologies in the context of the use of artificial intelligence systems in criminal proceedings. The point about the need to search for the relationship and mutual consistency of the systems of the individual and society in the process of digitalization of criminal proceedings both at the level of principles and at the level of technology is substantiated.

scholarly journals Epistemological Aspects of the Organisation of Human Activity in the Transition from Disparate Social Techniques to Societal Technologies

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Alexei AVTONOMOV ◽  
Vladislav GRIB
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Problem Resolution ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Computer Interaction ◽  
The Way

The expansion and deepening of human-computer interaction in modern conditions have attracted attention to human activity and required its study at a new level. The article is devoted to the examination of the problems of organising human activity based on the knowledge of its key components. Epistemological approaches to thinking and knowing as directions of the development of human activity make it possible to increase the efficiency of the organisation of human activity as a whole and raise questions that can be resolved on the way of further methodology evolution. The further transition from the methodology of research and practices to social technologies that would allow purposefully producing new knowledge, on the basis of which, in turn, it would be possible to improve the quality of the organisation of human activity, seems appropriate and natural. The authors argue that the technological approach to problem resolution is useful and fruitful not only in the sphere of engineering and technical devices but also in the field of social relations.

scholarly journals Towards the Design and Evaluation of Interactive Social Technologies: A Survey Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souvik Mukherjee ◽  
Ngudup Tsering ◽  
Jinan Fiaidhi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Interactive Technology ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
Almost All

<i>With new technologies, increasing mechanization and automation, almost all challenging social and economic issues that people face can be investigated towards a prediction or a solution. Digital technologies have connected the world in a single knot, but the technical knowhow does not contribute to solving these challenges. Encapsulation of technological advancement and social responsibility is highly needed. This calls for cross-regiment and inter-field solutions coupled with social enthusiasm. This survey provides a study on two aspects of social relations within a connected world. It also investigates and reviews solutions and work for advanced interactive technology. The survey draws on major insights from few researchers highlighted in our reference list.</i><br>

Poverty and Inequality in South Africa: A History

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Bundy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
African National Congress ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
Job Reservation

Contemporary South Africa exhibits widespread and persistent poverty and an extraordinarily high level of inequality. Historically, poverty and inequality were forged by forms of racial subordination and discrimination shaped successively by slavery, by colonial settlement and conquest, and by a mining-based industrial revolution in the last quarter of the 19th century. The explosive growth of capitalism and urbanization in a colonial context shaped a set of institutions and social relations—the “native reserves,” migrant labor, pass laws, job reservation, urban segregation, and the like—which reached their most stringent form under apartheid legislation, from 1948 on. The political, social, and economic system of apartheid entrenched white wealth and privilege and intensified the poverty of black South Africans, particularly in rural areas. By the 1970s, the apartheid project began to flounder and the National Party government launched a series of concessions intended to stimulate the economy and to win the support of black South Africans. A historic transition during the late apartheid years saw a shift from labor shortages to a labor surplus, generating structural unemployment on a massive scale. This was a problem that the African National Congress (ANC), in power since 1994, has been unable to solve and which has been a major factor in the levels of poverty and inequality during the democratic era. The ANC has made some advances in combating poverty, especially through the rapid expansion of welfare in the form of pensions and social grants. This has reduced ultra-poverty or destitution. In addition, the provision of housing, water, sanitation, and electricity to black townships has seen significant growth in assets and services to the poor. Yet since 1994, inequality has increased. South Africa has become a more unequal society and not a more equal one. Two factors have caused inequality to deepen: increasingly concentrated income and wealth, and a sharp rise of inequality within the African population. The ANC continues to commit itself to “pro-poor” policies; yet its ability to reduce poverty, and especially to achieve greater equality, appears to be substantially compromised by its failure to reverse or reform the structure, characteristics, and growth path of the economy.

Theory of Mediation as a Branch of Knowledge

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Михаил Козюк ◽  
Mikhail Kozyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mediation Theory ◽  
Close Interaction ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quality Of Research

Today, the national social science features fast-paced studies on the theory of mediation. However, the branch status of this area is still obscure, which affects the quality of research. The paper explores various approaches to the definition of this status with a critical eye. Particular attention is paid to the thesis on the interdisciplinarity of the mediation theory. The author shows the consequences of classifying the mediation theory as an interdisciplinary branch. It is also troublesome, from the author’s point of view, to refer mediation purely to law. Mediation refers to phenomena that originate from social technologies ordering social relations and removing social conflicts. Only sociology and history can become the foundation of a new scientific branch. However, the mediation theory must first pass the stage of disciplinary constitutionalization, since its close interaction with many modern branches of knowledge would mean dissolution in them.

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